BTEC Higher National Unit 4: Management and Operations Analysis

This report provides a comprehensive analysis of management and operations, focusing on the distinctions between managers and leaders. It explores the roles and characteristics of each, examining their functions in different situations, and delves into various leadership theories and models, including situational and contingency theories. The report evaluates the strengths and weaknesses of different approaches and examines key operational aspects within an organization. It introduces key approaches to operation management, such as Six Sigma, Lean Production, and Total Quality Management, and highlights their importance in achieving business objectives, including profitability, customer satisfaction, and employee retention. The report also discusses factors within the business environment that impact operational management and decision-making, such as corporate culture and values, and concludes with insights on how leaders and managers can improve operational efficiency. The assignment utilizes the Rays Sunshine charity as a case study, and provides valuable insights into management and leadership practices.

MANAGEMENT AND
OPERATION

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
1. Define, compare and analysis the roles and characteristics of managers and leaders............1
2. Roles of management and leadership in the different situations.............................................2
3. Theories and models of approaches........................................................................................2
4. Strength and weaknesses of different approaches...................................................................3
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................4
1. Introduction of key operations of the organisation.................................................................4
2. Key approaches to operation management and roles of leaders and managers......................4
3. Importance and values of operations management in to accomplish business objectives......5
Key decisions taken by operations managers .................................................................................5
4. Factors within the business environment that impact on operational management and
decision making..........................................................................................................................6
5. How leaders and managers can improves efficiency of operational management to meet
with business objectives..............................................................................................................7
6. Applications of operations management and factors that impact in wider context ...............7
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................9
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................10

INTRODUCTION
The report can be analysis on the basis of the gap of difference between a Leader and a
Manager. In case of manager, he has his own people to work whereas, leaders have people to
follow them. But Leadership and Management must go hand in hand to manage the entity and to
grow the entity over a period. Workers need managers to assign tasks (Johnston and Marshall,
2016). In this context, present report based on the Rays Sunshine which is the charity business
formed in 2003 and provide effectiveness at workplace. For gaining insight knowledge of the
company, present report covers define, compare and analysis roles, characteristics of managers
and leaders at workplace. Furthermore, it includes different theories that assists to accomplish
effectiveness in the chosen business unit.
TASK 1
1. Define, compare and analysis the roles and characteristics of managers and leaders
In respect to accomplish desired results, managers and leaders determines their role
which is most important element in the enterprise. Leaders of Rays Sunshine determines their
role to lead their employees so that they can easily solve customers. Furthermore, managers
assign roles and responsibilities as per interest areas and qualifications to create effective
functioning in the business.
Basis Leader Manager
Roles Leaders of Rays Sunshine
develop their roles through
perform different activities and
functions (Mohammadi,
Mozafari and Solimani, 2014).
Beside this, manager of the
business also ascertain their
operations to increase profits
that impact on the company
brand image.
Characteristic Leaders of the selected
business has roles to create
innovations and creativity
through they are able to
maintain effective results at
workplace.
On the other hand, managers
using same methods to
incorporate their aims and
objectives at workplace of the
Rays Sunshine.
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Vision In Rays Sunshine, leaders has
vision to encourage and
motivate team members so that
they can easily participate in
respect to accomplish desired
results at workplace.
However, managers have
vision to solve issues and
problems through collect
relevant information towards
the desired aims and
objectives.
Function Leader is a person who focus
on proper planing and action to
increase the level of
performance in work place.
Leading is the action of
starring grouping in an
organization towards
achieving cognitive content.
Leaders do this by
powerfulness worker
behaviour in several manners.
In organisation manager is to b
e focus ion all leader working
condition and manager is focus
on Planning step regard
function out precisely how to
achieve a specific mental
object.
2. Roles of management and leadership in the different situations
Management and leadership both are important elements that assists to incorporate
working together in systematic manner. In this way, several benefits has been found which helps
to increase and maintain results to take decisions. Quality and standard of food also requires
maintains which increasing profitability at workplace. In Rays Sunshine, following are certain
roles of manager and leaders played in different situations:
 In internal structure, customer demand will be varied so that charity firm has
responsibilities to attract their customers as per demand. Leaders have duty to lead their
employees so that aims and objectives will be accomplish in systematic way. On the
other hand, manager need to concentrate on the roles and responsibilities to target people
at workplace (Mohammadi, Mozafari and Solimani, 2014).
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 At each level of Rays Sunshine, manager need to implement right decision and function
so that it enhance their efficiencies in successful manner. In addition to this, leaders need
to assess preferences so that they can deal in systematic way and assign roles and
responsibilities.
 In the time of more crises, leaders of the chosen business has responsibilities to reduce
negative elements which could be impact on the motivation level of them. Therefore,
they can move towards the goals and objectives in systematic manner. In addition to this,
manager of Rays Sunshine needs to implement new strategies through they can solve
issue easily.
3. Theories and models of approaches
Situational theory (Hersey Blanchard theory): This theory describes the environmental
skills of the leader which modifies to require the organization with the need of style
management. The key functional yo the situational adaptability will move on the leadership style
to meet the changing style of the leadership strategies that fits to the newest paradigm of
leadership talents.
Contingency theory (Fiedler’s contingency theory): The theory of the parameters
approach with the identifying leaders with the relations to the method structure of the task
environment. Because of the contingency theory, the coherence contexts applies the leaders to
neither of the task and ask no choices to be held for the bad personalities. The one take theory
that is practised in this theory makes it more enormous.
System theory: Social composition and the relational environment made this theory, the
transdisciplinary phase which makes the phenomena of models that consists of four things. The
parts, elements, variables and objects are the set of things with both physical and abstract nature
of systems.
4. Strength and weaknesses of different approaches
In respect to implement different approaches, personality and perception of people carry
effective results in systematic way. In this regard, Rays Sunshine need to carry their results
through solve issue and ascertain goals in systematic manner. Following are certain strength and
weaknesses will be undertaken towards the different approaches:
Strength
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 Ideas and opinion of the enterprise assists to solve customer issue and attain desire results
as well (Mohammadi, Mozafari and Solimani, 2014).
 Increasing interaction with members helps to maintain relations easily.
 Open communication also encourages that assists to make effective functioning in the
business environment.
Weaknesses
 Conflicts increasing that assists to share ideas and opinion with several people.
 Rays Sunshine needs to increasing their capabilities which enhance profits as well.
 Increasing loyalty program also helps to undertake views of several people.
In addition to this, there is another tool exist that make profitable outcome to attain more
effective functioning at workplace (Palma-Behnke, Benavides and Sáez, 2013). It helps to
measure effectiveness in Rays Sunshine. Therefore, following strength and weaknesses exist in
it:
Strength
 Enhancing skills and ability helps to maintain positive results at workplace to accomplish
goals and objectives.
 Development of the ideas and thinking capabilities aids to maintain more profits at
workplace.
 In respect to perform different tasks, loyalty need to be increasing.
Weaknesses
 This approach is very difficult to motivate people.
 Workers are not agreed with objectives of Rays Sunshine.
TASK 2
1. Introduction of key operations of the organisation
Key operation management is the important activities that assists to Rays Sunshine to
increasing their effectiveness at workplace in systematic manner. In this regard, aims and
objectives will be accomplish through implement roles and responsibilities of each person. This
strategy ascertains very important fundamental aspect which assist to examine profits and
revenue through different activities. Along with this, there are different kinds of key approaches
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has been maintained that played by managers and leaders. It includes six sigmas, lean theory,
queuing theory, etc.
2. Key approaches to operation management and roles of leaders and managers
The various kinds of operational managements can be mentioned as below:
Six sigma
Six sigma is the approach that can provide with the tools for the improvement of the
operational management tasks and the business processes. This will increase the performances
and the decrease in the other variation of profits. This also includes the employee moral and the
quality of products, defect of the reduction processes and all that stimulates business processes
for the operations.
Lean production
Lean production is the cut out waste of the management processes that ensures the quality
of an operation. This approach can be applied with the business from the designs of the
production and distribution of the responsive market zone. The efficiency in the business can be
made to make the necessary management forces to work for the faulty products that can be held
with the stock process activities of the operational management process.
Total quality management
Total quality management relates the management framework which builds the long-term
condition of the members that ranks the executives as well as the satisfaction level of the
acronyms of the management process. Principles may define those processes which continuously
forms the improvement in the working processes of the production.
3. Importance and values of operations management in to accomplish business objectives
The importance and the values are given on the basis of the management processes and
the role they play as the leaders. This can be summarised as the talent and processes that they
bear in order to run a business will set an example to the employees to make the firmness of the
business and the various dealings and operations of the business. The business objectives such as
profitability, customer satisfaction, maintaining finance, employee retention, employee
relationships and managing tasks are maintained quite well so as to make the members to get to
what they are supposed to understand from their supervisors and managers (Goetsch and Davis,
2014).
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Key decisions taken by operations managers
The key decisions that can be taken by a manager can be summarised as:
1. Products and services
2. Management of quality
3. Process designing
4. Maintaining strategies
5. Human resource designs
6. Supply chain management
7. Scheduling
8. maintenance
In respect to operate effective functioning and outcomes, Rays Sunshine has
responsibilities to ascertains their roles and responsibilities to meet with aims and objectives.
There are different kinds of design system exist that produce more effective functioning at
workplace. In the business, following are certain values of operation management exist:
 Controlling distribution system: Manager of the Rays Sunshine, has roles and
responsibilities to ascertain participation role at workplace. With this regard, distribution
system and activity helps to increase profits at workplace. Therefore, resources will be
developing for profit and revenue (Mohammadi, Soleymani and Mozafari, 2014).
 Transformational raw-material: With this regard, operation management helps to
convert the raw-material into finished goods. Hence, manufacturing process will be
develops to manage the effective results at workplace.
 Capacity management: It is the another useful perspective that used to gather
information technology at workplace. It determines that Rays Sunshine has primary goals
to meet with aims and objectives with current requirement of company.
4. Factors within the business environment that impact on operational management and decision
making
Corporate culture are those which act as the vision of the organisation, values of the
operations, practises of the company designs and dealings, people of different sectors and
positions and narratives of those who can maintain the culture in the organisation with much of
the corporate hurdles (Finkelman, 2015).
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Corporate values are those kind of values that deals in the operational values to which the
employees are subjected to. The internal and external maintenances are usually maintained with
the value judgements of the corporation.
Corporate ethics are those kind of ethics that should be maintained to order to make the
assessments on the business conducts and environmental factors also has its hand on the ethical
principles of the business.
Corporate social responsibility focuses on the duty and the assumptions of the corporate vulture
that are to be maintained with the major service to the responsibilities via different forms of
communication through mails, connecting via telephones or the business to business leasing
channels.
Expectation of stakeholders acts on more emphasis on the company dealings. This has to be
primary focus of the organisation to meet the expectation of the stakeholders as the goal setting
part of the business.
In this aspect, different factors exists that could be impact on the accomplishment of the
aims and objectives in systematic manner. In this regard, enterprise need to concentrate on the
following internal and external factors which could be determines to attain more effective
advantages at workplace:
Internal factors
In order to attain the effective results, internal factors includes value system which is
based on the culture and norms which helps to meet with desired outcomes at workplace.
Regulatory frameworks of the Rays Sunshine also included that assists to develop effective
functioning in the business. Furthermore, there are several policies exists that need to be set to
operate functions in systematic manner. Therefore, mission and objectives need to be set to
operate functions in proper way (Johnstone, 2016).
External factors
External factors includes different elements that are ascertained to grow performance in
systematic manner. In this way, suppliers are exists that assists to put necessary elements in
business. It assists to create goals and objectives at Rays Sunshine. Products and services can be
provided to compete with other business and solve issues of it.
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5. How leaders and managers can improves efficiency of operational management to meet with
business objectives
The evaluation of the improvements can be made on the basis of the successful
implementation of the working limits and the business forms. The improvement will, spell on the
field criteria and expectation that the consumers and the stakeholders expect out of a business.
The improvement will also focus on the competitive market schemes that will result on the
supply of the continuous industry emphasis and business growth with a view to stand at a certain
point. The improvement of operational management can be ,made successful with the interesting
management of the working processes so that it becomes easy to work as well as makes the
employee willing to work for his own (Armstrong and Taylor, 2014).
6. Applications of operations management and factors that impact in wider context
The application of the operational management impacts the employees sa well as the
organisation as a whole. The emphasis grows with the increase in therafunction, wastage of
product parts and the communities hold up their own priorities to make the entities process. The
standards, significance bad the provisions can make it worthy enough to meet the micro
environment, organisation structure, technologies, market customers, innovation policies,
macroeconomic conditions of the market, governmental issues and the rules and regulations that
are included in the organisation. These fagors can change the scenario and the established
managerial measures of the organisation and this may help in the improvement of the operations
to deal with the application of environmental management (Chelladurai and Kerwin, 2017).
In the wider community, PESTLE analysis included that could be impact on the effective
functioning at workplace:
Political factors: Political factors are highly influence to the business functions and
operations in respect to make changes in the business. In this regard, politics influence to
operation and management through wages, taxes, etc. to Rays Sunshine.
Economic factors: It is the important aspect that play important role in Rays Sunshine to
create high growth in the business. In this way, salaries, training and development program
needed to perform several activities at workplace (Lind, 2013).
Social factors: Social factors highly influence to operations and functions in the selected
enterprise to provide charity. This is because, it is the main aspect which exist to produce
effective functioning.
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Technological factors: New technological elements are included in Rays Sunshine
through they can deal with children effectively. Therefore, they are able to create effective
functioning at workplace to produce systematic work.
Environment factors: Environment factors influence through make appropriate changes
and outcomes that are needed among the staff members. Changes are need to be placed in
systematic manner for develop effectiveness (Ming, Song and Yuejin, 2013).
Legal factors: At business environment, legal system also included that could be impact
on HRP that make certain changes to perform functions and operations in systematic way. It is
also needed to signify proper functioning.
CONCLUSION
Operational management carefully follows the operations of the organization that meets
the prior tasks performed by the business organisation to meet the criteria and target the market
with required distribution of materials, services with more development and production
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Illustration 1: PESTLE analysis
Source: (PESTLE analysis, 2017)