Management and Operation Report: Analysis of Leadership and Management

This report delves into the concepts of management and operation, exploring the distinctions between leaders and managers, and analyzing their respective roles within organizations. The report examines the structure of the "Rays of Sunshine," a non-profit organization, highlighting the importance of empathy and situational leadership in fulfilling the organization's mission. It further discusses the roles of managers and leaders in planning, organizing, and fostering interpersonal communication. The second part of the report focuses on "Fruitapeel," a manufacturing company, and analyzes its key operations, including raw material acquisition, processing, manufacturing, and marketing. It identifies the Total Quality Management (TQM) approach as a suitable management strategy for the company, emphasizing customer satisfaction, data-driven decision-making, and continuous improvement. The report also touches on the importance of technological advancements in enhancing production and efficiency, concluding with a comprehensive overview of leadership and management principles within the context of the two chosen organizations.

Running head: MANAGEMENT AND OPERATION
Management and Operation
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Author’s note

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Contents
Task 1...............................................................................................................................................2
Definition of leaders and managers.............................................................................................2
Difference in between a leader and manager...............................................................................2
About the organisation and its structure......................................................................................3
Roles of management and leadership..........................................................................................3
Task 2...............................................................................................................................................5
Introduction..................................................................................................................................5
Key approaches of the organisation management and role of the leaders and managers............5
Achievement of business objectives............................................................................................6
Business environment..................................................................................................................6
Improving the efficiency..............................................................................................................7
Conclusion...................................................................................................................................7
Reference list:..................................................................................................................................8

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Task 1
Definition of leaders and managers
A leader is a person who is responsible for to motivate, influence and guide a group of
people in order to achieve a common objective or goals. The members of the group consider the
role of a leader to be important and significant and hence entertain the leadership. Leaders are
responsible to give and set directions, build a farsighted vision, keep up with the dynamics of a
team and develop as well as encourage innovation. A Leader has an eye on the horizon and
challenges the status-quo (Bolman & Deal, 2014).
Some of the qualities of a leader are:
 Determination
 Alertness
 Focus
 Reliability
 Sympathy
 Confidence
 Hopefulness
 Honesty
 Encouragement
On the other hand Manager is a person while is responsible for delivering a task with the help
of a team. Control, monitoring, administration and organisation are some of the responsibilities
of a manager. A person is designated to be a manger based on the skills that he has acquired
academically or through experience. The managerial skills are based on several theories and
concepts that are developed by scholars (Long, 2017). Some of the qualities of a manager are:
 Monitoring
 Control
 Observation
 Motivation
 Team building
 Approachable
Difference in between a leader and manager
The roles of a leader and manager are almost synonymous but there are several
differences in the responsibilities and the approaches of a leader and a manager. There are some
major differences in between a leader and a manager.
A leader is responsible to create and develop a vision. According to the path-goal model
developed by Robert House, in order to turn a vision into reality a leader with the help of
motivation enhances the performance of the people. A leader creates and clarifies the direction in
order to reach the desired conclusion and achievement. In this model the author has discussed
about four behavioral patterns of a leader directive, supportive, participative and achievement-
oriented (Long, 2017).

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On the other hand, managers are responsible for delegating and delivering tasks to for the
achieving the goals and objectives of the organisation, based on the objective of the organisation
the managers create short term goals. Henry Fayol has provided fourteen principles of
management which states the various ways in which the goal can be reached (Murphy et al.
2017).
About the organisation and its structure
As the Rays of Sunshine is a non-profit seeking entity the management and leadership of
the organization are also different in terms of the objective and attaining the goal. The goals that
are set for the managers become very different as the objective of the company is not profit
driven. Rays of Sunshine is an organisation that is a believer of hope and filling the world with
happiness. The objective of the company is not only different because it is a charitable
organisation but also because the motive is not to help the world with money or material needs
but to fulfill the lives of children who are surviving and fighting life limiting ailment. The
organisation is registered in UK and serves children who are in between the age group of 3-18
years. The structure of the organisation that is included in the case study suggests that the wish
engagement manager is in charge of monitoring the operation of the organisation. This position
is followed by the senior with manager who reports back to the engagement manager. The wish
manager is in charge of the wish granters who are responsible directly to make a wish come true.
There are several volunteers who associate with the organization and work with the wish granters
in order to fulfill the wishes of the people; the volunteers have to have special skills in order to
be appointed as wish granting volunteers (Bolman & Deal, 2014).
Roles of management and leadership
For a manager or a leader in the organisation like Rays of Sunshine the first quality that is
expected is that of empathy and understanding along with being smart and tactful. In order to
fulfill the diverse wishes of the children the manager or a leader of the organisation is expected
to deliver by delegating and managing the wish in time. As appropriately named the managers in
the organization are known as wish granters and wish managers. The resource channelizing is the
main responsibility of the managers in the organisation as that would be dependent on the
success of a wish. If the wish of a child is to meet the Iron Man or Harry Potter, the managers
should find a way to get the wish fulfilled. Many times we find celebrities meet the children such
contacts and relationships can also be built in these situations. The leadership style that is
appropriate in this organisation is situational style as the managers have to be adaptive in nature
in order to cater to the various requirements of the children on a daily basis. As the Rays of
Sunshine focuses on people and team work by establishing rapport the situational leadership is
the model that would be appropriate in the organisation (Tummers & Knies, 2013).
Planning and organizing are some of the roles of the managers and leaders in the
organisation. The wish granters work closely with the children and their families and record the
wishes of the children and figure out a plan to fulfill those plans. Collection of information in
this process also plays a key role (Tummers & Knies, 2013). Hence, interpersonal
communication skills among the leaders are imperative. Arrangement of the training session for
the volunteers is also a role that the wish granters have to play identifying the strengths and
weaknesses of the volunteers the training session should be arranged in order to increase the
skills and performance of the people. The organisation can include behavioral concepts like

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MARS theory in order to keep the people of the organisation encouraged motivated and give in
the very best. The mission and vision of the organisation itself is very encouraging and the
volunteers are already motivated intrinsically. But the wish granters continues to inspire and
direct the people to make sure that the wish of the child is fulfilled and they can deliver at least
momentary happiness in the lives of the children (Miao et al., 2014).
In the process of operation the leaders in the public service sector keep facing dynamic
challenges system leadership is a new process that the leaders are implementing. There are six
aspects of system leadership feeling, perceiving, thinking, relating, doing and being (Tummers &
Knies, 2013). The leaders in the public sector service are expected to have values and principles
which drive them through internal motivation. The wish granters of the organisation are expected
to listen and observe situations and deal with any opportunities or crisis situation. The
responsibilities of the wish granters as a leader are also to have a sense of rationalism and
analytics in order to use the resources of the company strategically for both skill development
and delegation of task among the people (Bolman & Deal, 2014).

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Task 2
Introduction
Regarded as one of the fastest growing companies in the market, Fruitapeel has also
successfully gathered goodwill among the several stakeholders. The organisation offers fruit and
confectionery sauce and has a wide range of product portfolio. The company believes in growth
and expansion with the help of innovation and product development. The mission and objectives
of the organisation is to offer the consumers of the product high quality product and service. The
products that are manufactured by the organisation have clean label declaration. The company
serves both the business to customer and business to business sectors of the food industry.
Several clients of the organisation are from the food service sector as well (About Fruitapeel,
2017).
The key operations of the company encompasses from accumulating the raw materials to
getting the finished products to the shelves and the customers.
Accumulation of the raw materials: the raw materials of the company are mostly perishable items
and hence the company has to be careful about the quality of each fruit that will pass on to the
processing unit. The raw materials are supplied by the suppliers of the organisation and they
have been bound by contract and agreements.
Processing of the raw materials: the major raw material that the company uses are fruits and
these require to be pealed and washed before the manufacturing process begins the company has
a wide spread 50,000 square foot manufacturing plant in Lancashire where all the manufacturing
process goes takes place. Managers and workers in this plan are responsible for the smooth daily
operations of the business (Gimenez-Espin et al., 2013).
Manufacturing: After the raw materials are being brought in the plant the processing begins.
With the help of other ingredients that are externally added to the sauce preparation the
manufacturing method proceeds. The process ends with the products being packaged. As the
company offers a plethora of products to the consumers the plant is divided in sections for
various products as well (Slack, 2015).
Marketing: This department of the organisation is responsible for the promotion of the products
and services that the company has to offer to both B2C as well as B2B customers.
Administration: the overall operations of the company are looked after by the administration
team in order to plan and strategies according to the requirement and need of the business. This
is the department who are also responsible for analysis for the decisions and policy making
process in the organisation (Slack, 2015).
Key approaches of the organisation management and role of the leaders and managers
The approaches of the organisation management employed are total quality management
or TQM as a manufacturing organisation which is focused in quality this process or this
approach is appropriate. Total Quality Management (TQM) is an approach that is employed in
order to develop the performance and quality of the product or service which will help the
company develop value in the customer relationship. This process initiates by grouping the

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quality related operations and process of the organisation. Some of the aspects of the quality
process that falls under the TQM approach are: designing of the product and development of new
product, quality control and quality assurance quality improvement, and maintenance (Heizer,
2016).
The aim of the TQM approach is delivering the customers with best possible quality of
products and services with the help of tools and instruments that would ensure the enhancement
of the quality than before, Fruitapeel is an organisation that seeks innovation and quality
development hence some of essential principles of the organisation that can be identified in the
process are: the focuses of the company should not be the profit maximization or sales
maximization it should follow the interest of the consumers and focus on the customer
satisfaction more than anything else (Dale, 2015). The company should take decisions and
should formulate policies regarding the quality of the product with the help of proper analysis
and rational reasoning. Tools are employed to achieve and ensure the best quality on the basis of
the above stated analysis the methodology of development and improvement should be
implemented, for example if there is an observation that the resources need training and skill
development of a certain department then that should be highlighted and implemented. The
manufacturing plant of Fruitapeel can also be developed with the improving technology and
installing latest technology machineries so that at the productions as well as the quality can be
improved. The culture that has been observed in the organisation aims at improving the
employee’s capabilities and encourages them to work as a team in order to achieve the objective
of the company. Motivation and encouragement of the employees play a key role in the
development of the quality of the service provided by the company. Identification and
recognition of the issues related to the quality should be highlighted and communicated with the
higher management and choose a suitable solution (Goetsch & Davis, 2014).
Achievement of business objectives
The higher management is directly responsible for the success of the TQM application as
the people in this position are the ones who employee the policies and decision of this approach.
The management acts as a control check and monitors the quality of the products and services on
regular intervals. The leaders are also expected to have a farsighted vision to understand and
deal with the dynamics of the internal and external business environment that could impact the
production and quality of the product. For example, if bad batches of raw materials are found and
the order is already awaiting a contingency plan has to be ready for such a situation as the
company is dealing with perishable items. Situational leadership approach is the best style of
leadership that is encouraged by the process of TQM (Gimenez-Espin et al., 2013).
Business environment
When the higher management of an organisation employees decisions and formulates
polices for the organisation several factors are taken into consideration, the business environment
can be of two types internal and external. The internal environment is directly under the control
of the organisation hence it can be dealt in a convenient way. On the other hand the external
environmental factors such as politics, economics, societal, technological and legal. The
management of Fruitapeel deals with the aforementioned factors while taking any decision as it
has to abide by the rules and regulations of the state as well as deal with the dynamics of the
market. The position of the company is of a market leader and to maintain that position the
organisation has to strive hard and be more focused on the objectives (Khanna, 2015).

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Improving the efficiency
In order to successfully meet the business objective of providing the customers with best
quality product and service the managers have to concentrate on the resources. The human
resource of any business organisation are the back bone of operation the managers are expected
to motivate and encourage the team constantly in order to maintain the commitment of the
employees towards the organisation. The performances of the employees have to be maintained
and monitored on a regular basis to understand the strength and weaknesses. Delegation of tasks
should be done on the basis of this segmentation (Khanna, 2015). The managers who are
responsible for the quality check of the end products are essential as it decides upon the goodwill
of the company. Apart from planning and organizing checks on a daily basis the managers are
expected to find the solution to the issues that are repeatedly being observed. The managers
should be able to anticipate the requirement s and need of the organisation in order to meet the
target. Maximum utilizations of the resources are one of the most important roles of the manager
as the sources available are always limited and expensive (Krajewski et al., 2013).
Conclusion
The operations of a company are dependent on the resources and the management is
responsible for the smooth operations of the business on a daily basis. Fruitapeel is a company
that is customer centric and is driven by innovations and product development. As the company
severs both b2c and b2b sectors of the market the operations of the company works on a large
scale. The company constantly strives to improve the operations and develop new and innovative
high quality products for the clients and customers.

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http://www.fruitapeel.co.uk/
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