Management and Leadership Perspectives: Case Study of Marks & Spencer

This report delves into various leadership and management perspectives, examining theories such as situational, transformational, and transactional leadership, alongside scientific, bureaucratic, and contingency management approaches. It analyzes motivational and team-working principles within the context of Marks & Spencer, highlighting the contributions of effective leadership and management to company effectiveness, ethics, and value frameworks. The report also explores the impact of leadership behaviors on company vision and mission, emphasizing the importance of ethical practices and employee retention. Furthermore, it evaluates change management strategies using the Kurt Lewin model, providing a comprehensive overview of leadership and management practices within a real-world business context. The report is a valuable resource for students seeking to understand the complexities of leadership and management in the business environment.

Management and
leadership
perspectives

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
Different perspective of leadership and management in the environment..................................3
Motivational and team working principles, theory of effective styles of management and
leadership....................................................................................................................................4
Effective management and leadership contribution to company effectiveness, ethics aned
value framework..........................................................................................................................5
Effectiveness of leadership and management behaviours on the impact of company vision
and mission..................................................................................................................................6
Evaluation of change management by Managers and leaders with use of appropriate tools and
models.........................................................................................................................................7
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................9

INTRODUCTION
Leadership is generally define as a type of influence which is incurred by the
leader to carry out different activity in the organization. Marks and Spencer, is one
of the biggest UK clothing firm in the market. This report highlights different type
of leadership and management. After that report explain motivation team working
principle theory. After that report explain the effectiveness of management and
leadership which contribute in organization effectiveness. In the end report
highlights the way manager and leader can facilitate change using appropriate tool.
MAIN BODY
Different perspective of leadership and management in the environment.
There are variety of the different type of leadership theory which are generally used by the
different leader in different organizational situation. Some of the leadership theory are as
follows:
 Situational Leadership theory: It is the type of leadership theory which used to explain
that there is no leadership theory which is good in all the different situation in the
organization. Hence, leader need to be flexible they need to adopt different leadership
theory on the basis of the situation which is prevailing in the market.
 Transformational theory of Leadership: Transformational theory of the leadership
generally relates to the theory in which leader generally used to work with the team
member to identity the change in the organization and on the basis of the same used to
plan different activity to carry out different operation of business.
 Transactional theory of Leadership: Transactional perspective of leadership generally
means that the leader generally used to provide some sort of the motivation to the
employee to make them work according to the prospective and long term goal of the
business. This theory generally looks at making the employee feel happy and motivated
to carry out different task in the organization.
Management in the organization also used to carry different type of perspective in regards of
completing different task in the organization. Some of the management theory are as follows:

 Scientific management theory: Scientific management theory is the management theory
that analyse and synthesizes workflows in the organization. There are 4 different type of
principle on which scientific management theory used to i.e. Science, Harmony,
Cooperation and Development of each other in the organization.
 Bureaucratic management theory: It is the type of the management theory which is
generally designed to ensure efficiency of the company is maintain in the organization.
This theory is generally based upon the 5 principle in general. Principle are Formal
hierarchy structure, Formal rules and norms, specialization, equality, recruitment based of
the skills and ability and in-focused mission and systematic fillings.
 Contingency management theory: This management theory is same as the situational
leadership theory, contingency management theory passes on the message that leader
need to be flexible in term of management style adopted. As manager has to make sure
that they used to adopt the management style on the basis of the situation which is
prevailing in the market.
Motivational and team working principles, theory of effective styles of management and
leadership
Marks and spencer is one of the best company within clothing industry having best working
skilled employees within management for gaining new synergy among working paradigms,
which build corporate fundamental excellence and also portray stringent new innovative working
aspects. Motivational and team working principles such as having regular meetings,
brainstorming sessions enable to keep employees motivated at work where Contingency
management theory is applicable, for gaining new functional advancement within longer run.
This is interrelated with transformation leadership where all employees are given equal working
importance for showcasing varied ideas and new evocative working scenarios, for larger new
technical goals completion. This team working concept is also focused on leveraging
motivation , keen growth fundamentals and diverse parameters growth by focusing towards
enhancing diversion of varied thoughts, wider vision which has made Marks and spencer one of
the best brand and systematic functional ethics management. This also has focus on active
collaboration among various employees within groups, building team working ethics and to gain
new working advancement which also has made them practically motivated to learn more
evocative concepts. Encouraging participation and recognition of working employees enable to

generate new leadership ethics among company management scenario, for generating larger
cooperation goals among company business scenarios within longer run (Gosling and Grodecki,
2020).
Transnational and situational leadership theories have been widely implemented among
management at Marks and spencer for gaining new functional growth, higher scope segmented
for gaining new functional growth and to be focused on building dynamic strengths. The teams
and all employee workforce are trainers with principles for inculcating new changes effectively,
which is one of the important principle and focused on diversified parameters of diverse industry
competitiveness. Scientific management principle is also another diverse strong innovative
theory which focuses on working competencies functional enhancement, where Marks and
spencer is one of the best brand to follow new innovation among business goals. There has been
also upright growth found among keen scenarios for new competitive paradigms and to
resource widely correct sources in longer run.
Scientific management theory:
Effective management and leadership contribution to company effectiveness, ethics aned value
framework
The effective management and leadership has high contribution to company
effectiveness, ethics and values framework as Marks and spencer within wide dynamic
competitive industry parameters have been focusing to bring on all employees work with
effective management. The management and leadership theories identified play high immense
important role for generating new fundamental diversion ethics, to pursue goals completion
among employees and for keeping up with new working segments for larger technical
effectiveness. Ethics and value frameworks at Marks and spencer are given high importance
among management and leadership contribution factors, for potentially enhancing new working
platforms to monitor employees activities and also serve wider new domains of innovative
diversity. It could be also understood that contribution of effective management, leadership
theories within company effective vision completion enables for generating new profitable goals
and goodwill among wider business ethics within value framework (Maia, Alves and Leão,
2019).
Marks and spencer has been also active to bring on diversity of new working actions,
ideas and platforms with strong leadership and management working goals to keep all employees

retained within longer run. Contribution of new effective team working principles have also
potentially developed stronger working scenarios, for keeping up with new ethical goals and for
technical growth among new quest parameters. Marks and spencer has also bee found to be
highly active towards changing new HR strategies and wider domains efficacy, for keeping up
with new goodwill goals and for determining new competitive aspects which will generate
higher competencies in longer run. Ethics and value frameworks potentially define how company
plans to move on among future with wider new business scenarios and larger technical
innovation among diverse parameters, for also paving out way for new working horizons. Marks
and spencer new competencies holds accountability among towards employees for larger vision
to be one of the most competitive company within clothing and fashion industry, UK and at
global levels where various new paradigm among working scenarios have been actively focused
on. Employees within workforce is also highly focused on working expansion within innovative
domains and specialized working vision , for technical efficiency within longer time frame to
pertain focus on new competitive scenarios (Pellegrini, Ciampi and Orlando, 2020).
Effectiveness of leadership and management behaviours on the impact of company vision and
mission
The effectiveness of leadership and management behaviors on impact of company vision
and mission can be understood as widely strong and dynamically focused on working innovation,
where Marks and spencer vision and mission to be one of the best clothing brand has been
highly correlated. It could be also understood that leaders and managers at company functional
scenarios are active with strong communication parameters developing among working goals
and to be smartly focused on new working behaviors for training employees and to be active
towards new changes. Marks and spencer Vision and mission is to be one of the best clothing
brand and company for serving people with best innovative goals, and for ensuring new
potentialities are able to be attained among working scenarios and for scoping onto new growth
goals. Marks and spencer also has high potentialities within management of workforce, where
leadership within various departments have been on high focus for developing smarter working
standards where innovation is appreciated. Goodwill and revenue standards are also worked on
with new keen parameters when employees are retained within company for longer time, which
keenly promotes ethical values and vision within longer run to be actively focused on wider
diverse platforms (Raut and et.al 2019).

Marks and spencer also has been active to inculcate new working paradigms of strong
innovation and creativity, larger growth objectives within longer run which enables management
to be active for promoting new working ethics. This could be also understood by analyzing
efficacy parameters among working determinants to be widely strong and for bringing on new
working growth, in longer run to encompass innovation and also to accelerate new profitable
keen parameters. There is also leveraging productive enhancement among wider domains of
competencies within Marks and spencer goals, where leaders and mangers behavior aspects have
been found to be highly optimistic to be active for bringing on changes and to yield focus on
new arenas. If management and leadership behaviors are negative towards employees working
scenarios, there is downfall within working performance metrics and also goodwill is reduced
within longer run which also reduces goodwill parameters. Theses factors have in depth analyzed
working parameters and debate of how management and leaders behaviors have major impact on
growing new quests among vision and mission accomplishments. Marks and spencer as one of
the most growing competitive brand within clothing and fashion industry, has been focusing on
integration of smart management practices and to pertain new competencies within employees.
Evaluation of change management by Managers and leaders with use of appropriate tools and
models
Change management is one of the most growing concept highly essential among Marks
and spencer within fashion and clothing industry, where dynamic working operations needs to be
adopted and also to accelerate productive growth. It could be understood with analysis of change
management model, through which Marks and spencer will be able to develop smarter working
dynamic steps and to be foremost active for growing with innovation and consumer preference
market scenarios. Kurt Lewin change management model is one of the most actively used
change management model which is divided into 3 steps through which managers and leaders
are able to potentially enhance wider new determined changes within longer run. Below are the
steps of change management model: Unfreezing: At this step old changes which needs to be removed are identified within
company structure and also focus is built on how new working techniques are developed
further among working potentialities, for developing higher effectiveness. Unfreezing
will also make sure that employees at workforce are given motivation for wider new

functional changes, which will motivate them to be trained further on new skills and
techniques (Taifa, Hayes and Stalker, 2020). Freezing: At Freezing planned new strategies and investments will be implemented
among management, where Marks and spencer aims to be functionally innovation active
for gaining productive growth and also determinants of new demands will be changed.
This will also develop new growth to be actively pertained on within larger growth
scenarios, and to potentially also develop new targets for future to be gained on.
 Refreezing: This step within change management focuses on keeping active monitoring
on all changes built on within working parameters and for developing feedback among
management to be productive, gain analysis of how are consumers reacting for all new
changes.
CONCLUSION
The report has concluded analysis of innovative leadership and management theories
within range of diverse business environment where Marks and spencer company within retail
industry has been aiming to work on diverse goals for strengthening practical working
effectiveness. Report also concludes that management and leadership has high contribution
towards company effectiveness, ethics and value frameworks and also to enhance visions and
mission on new growth scenarios. The report has also concluded implementation of change
management model which is one of the best model to promote change paradigms within new
parameters, for sourcing new productive growth.

REFERENCES
Books and journals
Gosling, J. and Grodecki, A., 2020. Competences for Responsible Management (and
Leadership) Education and Practice. The SAGE Handbook of Responsible
Management Learning and Education, p.245.
Maia, L. C., Alves, A. C. and Leão, C. P., 2019. Implementing lean production to promote
textile and clothing industry sustainability. In Lean Engineering for Global
Development(pp. 319-343). Springer, Cham.
Pellegrini, M.M., Ciampi, F., and Orlando, B., 2020. The relationship between knowledge
management and leadership: mapping the field and providing future research
avenues. Journal of Knowledge Management.
Podsakoff, P. M. and Podsakoff, N.P., 2019. Experimental designs in management and
leadership research: Strengths, limitations, and recommendations for improving
publishability. The Leadership Quarterly, 30(1), pp.11-33.
Raut, R. D., and et.al 2019. Linking big data analytics and operational sustainability practices
for sustainable business management. Journal of cleaner production, 224, pp.10-24.
Taifa, I. W. R., Hayes, S. G. and Stalker, I. D., 2020, October. Towards a digital revolution in
the UK apparel manufacturing: an Industry 4.0 perspective. In Industry 4.0–Shaping
The Future of The Digital World: Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference
on Sustainable Smart Manufacturing (S2M 2019), 9–11 April 2019, Manchester,
UK (p. 3). CRC Press.