Management and Operation Report: Roles, Theories, and Business Factors

This report delves into the multifaceted roles of managers and leaders within an organizational context, using ROLEX as a case study. It examines the distinct characteristics and responsibilities of managers, who focus on control and administration, and leaders, who guide and inspire. The report explores different leadership styles, including directive, supportive, participative, and achievement-oriented approaches, and how these styles are applied in various business situations. It also covers the key approaches to operation management, emphasizing its importance in achieving organizational goals, and analyzes how factors within the business environment impact operational functions. The report highlights the importance of adapting to changes in customer expectations, economic situations, and competitor activities, and the significance of planning, organizing, staffing, directing, and controlling in driving organizational productivity and profitability.

MANAGEMENT AND
OPERATION

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
Task 1...............................................................................................................................................1
P1 Different role and feature of manager and leader..................................................................1
P2 Role of leader and function of manager in different context.................................................3
P3 Different theories and models of leadership..........................................................................5
P4 key approaches to operation management.............................................................................7
P5 Importance of operation management in achieving goal ......................................................8
P6 Factors within the business environment has impact on operation management................10
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................11
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................11

INTRODUCTION
In this competitive world, it is required to satisfy the customers in better manner then
other companies are doing, although quality products is a way through which a customer can get
satisfied. Management and operation is responsible for such thing in organisation. Manufacturing
of goods and services by industry in quality phenomenon and providing better services as extra
benefit make consumers happy and bring a positive image of firm (Hamilton, Holub and Blunt,
2011). Therefore, the operations manager is person who is responsible for bringing out quality
products with limited resources. Thus, resources should be of high quality which help in
producing the best goods. Minimising cost of production and utilisation of resources as well as
reducing wastage altogether help in maximising the profits of company and satisfying ultimate
customers in a better manner. The report is based on ROLEX (watches) which is Swiss luxury
watchmaker and produces wristwatch under brand of ROLEX and TURBO. Founded by Hans
Wilsdorf and Alfred Davis, almost 2800 employees are working with the firm. Report will
discuss roles/characteristics of manager and leader in firm, key approaches to operation
management and its importance in achieving goals as well as factors affecting the functions of
business.
TASK 1
P1. Different roles and features of manager and leader
Manager and leader are the pillars of organisation. They are responsible for handling
many things in firm so that whole organisation as one can work towards particular goal and
objective.
MANAGER
Managers are the persons who are responsible for controlling and administrating whole
company. They are those who make various policies and make decisions for employees as well
as every member of company so that they can work in a proper manner (Haksever and Render,
2013). They are also responsible for dividing tasks in different departments so that effective
working can be there and such steps also bring coordination among various employees and
departments too.
Roles:
Act as pool: Therefore, the manager plays a role of bridge in between senior executives
and operations. Although, the manager is responsible for translating and communicating with
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every department about the policy and decision which are taken by senior level in firm. Upper
level always create new strategies so that they can easily compete in market with others. Even
managers are the one who communicate and interact with everyone so that they can perform in a
better manner.
Accountable: Managers are accountable as well in terms of performance of employees.
Manager is a person who always provide feedback to senior managers about the performance in
organisation, so that upper level can bring new strategies and policy to boost up morale of
members in company and they can work effectively for achievement of goal. For all such
managers are accountable.
Features:
Discipline and focus: The managers are focused kind of person they always look forward
and work in discipline manner. They divide tasks in departments and monitor everyone that
whether work is going in right direction or not and thus, they always receive feedbacks from
lower level leaders, and managers do communicate such to upper level (Expósito, et. al., 2016).
Discipline and focus always help in attaining the goals and objectives in an efficient manner and
extra benefits may also be seen with this.
Commitment: It is needed by the manager to be committed towards work. Such features
of managers help them to complete their tasks on time and quality work also comes out when a
person is committed towards their work. Commitment means focus and discipline, right direction
of work which is required to get a quality work and in perfect manner.
LEADERS
Leadership is the skill and ability of person and organisation to guide the employees and
company in right direction so that effective working can be there by employees and somewhere
it will increase productivity of company as well (Ergun, et. al., 2010).
Roles:
Interpersonal role: In this role of leadership, it is required by the leaders to provide
information and ideas to employees as such in what manner they can improve their skills and
working criteria. Workforce looks up to the leaders as the figurehead as they will help in
problematic situation of employees.
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Informational role: In this role, information is processed and communicated to whole
organisation about the goal and objective of firm and after interacting with them, monitoring is
done that whether members and employees are working in right direction or not.
Decisional role: Normally, in this role, the information which was provided is used. It is
being used in various ways to bring innovation and solving the conflict situations in business and
to arrange resources from different places.
Features:
Communication: Leaders normally communicate with their employees on regular basis so
that he/she can come to know about any problem they are facing in their work criteria. Leaders
communicate various policies and many things to employees so that they can work in right
direction and in a better manner as well.
Positive attitude: Therefore the leaders help employees to bring positivity in themselves
that they can work in the best way. Positive attitude helps to face any situation in company and
can adapt the changes in firm as well (David, 2011). It is required by every member to have a
positive attitude so that they can increase their productivity and work in right direction.
Differences Managers Leaders
Accountable They are accountable about
performance of whole firm to
senior executives.
They are accountable about
performance of employees to
managers.
Focus They are those who focus on
process and procedure in a
proper manner.
The leaders focus on people
working
Change Managers are those who react
on change
Leaders bring changes and
promote the same.
P2. Role of leader and function of manager in different contexts
Thus the role of leaders and function of managers thus help in various situation in the
company and they are responsible to adapt changes in company (Burke, 2013). Firstly various
leadership style which is used in company are as follows:
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Directive style: In this the leader set clear goal and objective in the eyes of there
subordinates and employees so that they can work in right direction as well it is needed to look
that whether they understood the expectation and direction in clear way or not.
Supportive style: In this style the leader look towards their employees and tries there level
best to reduce their stress and frustration during working. Removing all such will help in proper
work (Alderton and Saieva, 2013).
Participative style: Although such situation help the employees to be a part of decision
making in company so that clear understanding can be there that what problems they face at
there level.
Achievement style: Therefore in such situation the goals are set for employees so that they
can increase their performance which will directly help the firm to attain their goal and
objectives.
There are various possible situation in which the leaders and managers play their
effective function to come out from there as such those are:
Stable situation: The company who is being stable in market from last so many years
refers to stable situation, ROLEX is being stable from so many years and still it is a favourite
brand of people and even they have a dream to by such as because it is quite high priced. Stable
means when the company is earning good amount from market and customer does not need any
changes in their product (Heizer, 2016). In such situation the leader and manager always
motivate their employees and members to work in such a way and if changes is bought in firm
then they have to accept the changes in entity.
Slow to moderate: The leader and manager are those who work hard and make the
company to bring in moderate pace from slow start. If company is getting towards the moderate
situation from slow, it means the firm is getting more customers and running towards growth and
its quite satisfaction situation from those companies who is working hard and attaining such in
their time period stated. The situation start changing in speedy manner and firm has to cope up
with that so they can work effectively and can make themselves stable as well. The leader and
manager motivate their employees to adapt such change to grow and attain their goal and
objective.
Fast changing situation: Therefore when the company is in this situation then leaders and
managers become more futuristic and influence and motivate the whole organisation to work
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effectively and efficiently as well just because situation start change in speedy way. If any firm is
there in such situation then entity product and service is going towards decline form (Slack,
Brandon-Jones and Johnston, 2011). To bring it back the manager and leader work hard and
bring innovation and creativity in their goods and services so that they can again make to stable
situation in proper manner. It is quite difficult for every organisation to handle such kind of
situation.
The company ROLEX is in the situation of Stable as because demand of such has not
been came down or declined, still firm is receiving a good amount of revenue and thus ROLEX
is still a dream wrist watch of many people. The outer changing situation does affect but not at
that much which bring down the company change in customer's expectation, economic situation,
in taxes and competitors activities. Although all such changes does affect the functioning of
company in great manner but the manager and leaders are those who handle such situation in
proper manner (Ergun, et. al., 2010). Bringing creativity and innovation in their products and
services bring the firm again at their position. Taxes bring change in price, customer expectation
changes their preferences and demands, change in activities of competitors- all such affect the
companies performance but firm make research use information and work effectively which help
them to face various changes and situations.
Although the changes and situation also affects the functioning of company as planning,
organising, staffing, directing and controlling all such get affects with such situation. A firm has
to bring more effective strategy and decision which can bring efficient working in this function
as well. Planning help to get the work done in right direction, organising help to choose right
people for the right job, staffing is dividing task according to their skill and knowledge as in
departments as well, directing is providing the right direction to employees and controlling is
keeping eyes on every member whether everyone is performing well or not. All such function
thus make the company to increase productivity by organisation so that they can earn higher
profits.
P3 Different theories and models of leadership
The leaders have various theories and model through which they can come out with
different situation in organisation (S eS, 2012). Thus all such theory help the leaders to motivate
and to increase the morale of employees at workplace so that they does not get disappointed and
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perform in better manner which help company to attain their goal and objective in proper
manner. The various leadership approaches are as follows:
Situational leadership: It is that leadership which is firstly perceived by leaders and then
act on such situation. The leaders in this leadership approach they work hard and bring creativity
in their working. Situational leadership means having various situation in company which affects
the working phenomenon of company in different ways. Thus leaders are those who manages
their work and employees in such a way which makes them to overcome any situation effectively
as well. The situational leadership is chose by leaders when they get stuck in many situation
which creates problems and bring negative vibes in firm, at that time leaders go with this
leadership style which help entity to attain their goal and objective.
Example: If situation is of change in expectation of customer, then how leaders perceive such
and what changes he/she will bought out in work so that it can be met easily.
System theory: Such leadership says that leaders are nothing without their followers, if
followers would not be there then to whom they will influence and motivate to perform in better
manner. Thus it is required by leaders to have their followers then they are known to be as
leaders. So, this leadership theory help company to get the work done by employees in better
manner. As leaders influence workers and employees and motivate them in efficient manner
which make them to increase performance (Alderton and Saieva, 2013). This kind of leadership
theory is needed in every organisation where the leaders are required. Even all such function of
manager can also result into effectiveness as every employee listen to them carefully and
manager can bring a effective functioning in organisation.
Example: If leader is motivating employee to complete the work on time, then it is required that
workers are follower of leader then they are going to work effectively and efficiently.
Contingency theory: This kind of leadership style is used by less companies somewhere
it is only used in large firms, as this theory is very much similar to situational leadership. In this
theory the entity wait and see that how the leader is behaving in many other situation and
measuring their performance with a scale so it can be concluded that he/she is a task oriented or
relationship oriented kind of leader in industry. The measuring scale has two sides that is high
rate and low rate. If leader has came under high side then leader is a relationship oriented people
and if he/she came under lower side then they are task oriented people (Expósito, et. al., 2016).
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Such measuring scale of leaders help company to know that how leader will perform in
organisation. This theory also includes three steps which is as:
 Task structure
 Position structure
 Leader member relation
It is required by firm to know that whether their leader are performing in right direction or not.
What things can be included to receive healthy and proper working by employees and workers.
Example: For companies good sake it is required that they should fall in lower side as they will
perform in better manner because they will be coming under task oriented people.
P4 key approaches to operation management.
Operation management is thus that which help company to reduce cost of production and
minimise the wastage of resources so that they can produce a quality products with limited raw
materials. The operation manager has responsibility of getting effective working in better manner
(Neck and Manz, 2010). Therefore the key approaches which help in getting effective working
by operation management is as follows:
Six sigma: This key approach of operation management help the production department
to reduce defects and errors which help manufacturing department to produce the quality
products and services in effective way. Six sigma is that which help every organisation who is
producing on large level. The chances of getting defects in good and services are mainly there.
Although with quality product and service it is there that ROLEX can be able to satisfy million
or people and their consumer. Reducing defect and errors help in producing maximum output
with the minimum input so that utilisation of resources can be there in effective per-forma.
Total quality management: In this criteria the organisation as a whole creates such
environment which always help to improve the ability to deliver the high quality products and
services in better manner. The operation management always help every employee to improve
their ability and skill so that they can work in proper way (Pinkerton, ed., 2011). Managing
quality of resources in firm help them to deliver quality products to customers which brings
positive image of company and thus it will help firm to attain their goal and objectives in proper
manner. This approach is generally used by many other companies even ROLEX also uses just
as to provide quality goods to consumers.
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Just in time: This approach is mainly used by small companies as because, just in time
means producing product at a time of requirement to avoid the extra cost of warehousing and
keeping them safe etc.. producing goods at a time of demand help to bring quality in nature and
can deliver them to them so that they can become happy with such. Just in time is somewhere not
used by large companies like ROLEX as because the demand for their wrist watch is there
anytime.
Lean manufacturing: The ROLEX is producing the quality products for there customers
from last so many years. As this is possible after reducing wastage of resources in effective
manner. The lean manufacturing helps to reduce the wastage of resources in proper manner
which also help in minimising cost of production in efficient manner. Resources like raw
material, finance and human resource. Providing them right direction in which they have to
perform their task and have to produce wrist watches in correct form (White, 2016). This kind of
approach is thus required in many other firms so that mannerism can be seen in working and
achievement of goal and objective can be there.
Continuous improvement: Therefore it is required that the companies should bring
improvement in their working criteria on regular basis, so that effective working can be seen.
This approach is being very useful in every organisation whether small or large, continuous
improvement in products and services also bring satisfaction among customers as well.
Improvement is that word which bring satisfaction among company and consumers as well, that
in their product and service many things has been changed and brought innovation as well so that
it can attract maximum customers towards them.
Queuing theory: Although this is related to problems identified by theory which involve
waiting criteria. This theory analyse all such things in which many components has to be served
in proper manner as such, all things which is included are as arrival process, service process and
number of services and number of customers are there. Therefore such thing also help in
knowing that which process will take how much time in completing task.
P5 Importance of operation management in achieving goal
Therefore the operation management is very much needed concept in organisation as they
are responsible for getting quality products and service to provide the satisfaction level to
customers in correct format (Rani and Moreira, 2010). Effective working by operational
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management does also help firm in order to attain their goal and objective. Although it is needed
to understand common objective of firm.
Survival: The ROLEX company is not a single company who is there in market to
survive, therefore every firm look to have a survival in market for longer period. The industry
ROLEX is a brand which is there in market from the last so many years and serving the million
of people with their product and services of wrist watch. Quality products and services help
entity to survive in market for longer period which help in achieving goal and objective of firm.
Increasing sale: Quality product and service always attract the customers towards their
entity and to serve with their goods. Increase in sale help in increasing the profit also which
makes company to attain their aims and missions. Increase in sale can be brought in various
ways like attracting offers, discount or coupons etc.
Maximising profit: The customers are rationale in nature and thus look forward for such
product which can satisfy them. Consumers are ready to pay any amount but in consideration
they have a expectation from that they will provide them the quality product and service for long
(Burke, 2013). Satisfying customer and increase in sale makes firm to earn higher profits in their
time scheduled and standard set.
Satisfying customers: The operation management should use quality resources so that
they can produce and manufacture quality products as well. All such firstly it is important for
firm to know needs and wants of customer so that they can produce their goods according to that
only. If the work has been done in this criteria then entity can satisfy consumers easily and in
proper manner as well.
Growth: The ROLEX is stable company in market and thus before few years ago the rate
of sale was decreased. So the company worked hard and brought innovation and creativity in
their products and services in effective manner and thus somewhere this is being helping in
bringing growth of company in efficient manner and way.
There are various function which is helping firm in attaining their goal and objective in
effective way. These functions are of operation management are as follows:
Resource management: The operation management has responsibility of managing
resource in effective way so that it can be used in efficient way as well. Various resources are
used at the time of production of product and services which has to be done in effective way.
Managing resources helps to reduce the wastage of such in proper manner.
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