Analysis of Management and Leadership Theories: A Comprehensive Report

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Management and Leadership
Perspectives
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Executive Summary
The report has covered different theories of the management and the leadership. The
application of theories have been provided in the report for better understanding of the
advantages of the theories. The theories can be applied in the organisations to increase the
performance of the organisation. The leadership theories and the application of the leadership
theories have been provided as it will helps to understand the different leadership styles and
how can an individual become a good leader in the organisation. The motivation is another
important factor in the organisation. Different theories of motivation has been portrayed to
understand the way of maintaining the motivation in the organisation.
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1. Introduction
The organisational environment deals with different forces of the organisation that increase
the effectiveness and has an impact on the performance of the organisation. The management
science is a method that is used to solve different problems related to the management. The
behavioural management helps to manage the behaviours of the resources of the organisation.
The administrative management helps to manage the information in the organisation and to
measure the flow of the organisational information. The scientific management is a way to
solve all the problems in several scientific way.
2. Managers
Managers are the people who take the whole responsibilities to administer and control the
subordinates (Hatch, 2018). The managers should be highly patient and the controlling power
must be high. The managers keep all the information of the employees and to make proper
work routine for the employees to follow.
3. Leaders
Leaders are people who are responsible for commanding on the bunch of people and to lead
the people in a certain direction. The roles of the leader are to communicate with the
followers and to solve the problems of the subordinate. The leaders are responsible in case
any problem within the team.
4. Theories of management
Taylor’s scientific approach
The scientific theory of Taylor states that the scientific methods help the student and the
employees to complete all the works easily. The scientific approach gives more viable
solution that are easy to be implemented in the organisation, it helps to increase the common
sense. Use of computer in the organisations is one of the most important examples of the
scientific theory of Taylor (Lee and Hanna, 2015). Different scientific ways are provided by
Taylor and the theory is applied to the organisation to solve all the problems easily and the
effectiveness of all the work can be increased significantly.
Hanry Fayol Administrative theory
The administrative theory of Henry Fayol can be applied to the organisations to make the
flow of the processes in the organisation smoother. The administrative theory of Henry Fayol
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states that the process of the organisation can be implemented more effectively and smoothly
if it is properly planned, organised, commanded, coordinated and controlled. The
administrative theory helps to gather information about the administration in the companies
and use the information by combining with the planning, organising and coordinating to
increase the effectiveness of the performance of the organisation.
Haw thorne Studies
The study of Hawthorne deals with the reactivity of the people in their behavioural change
when the individuals are being observed. The Hawthorne effect can be applied anywhere and
it will help to improve the situations of the individuals who will be tested by applying the
Haw Thorne studies. It will increase the effectiveness of the people. The people will feel
more importance because of being observed. The behaviour management can be done in a
better way in the organisation of the management. The impact of applying the Haw Thorne
effect is huge and the impact will be shown in the organisation within a less amount of time.
5. Leadership theories
Situational theory
The theory of the situational leadership states that a good leader should be more effective and
adaptable towards all the situations. The circumstances for the leader will not be positive but
the leader should adapt with the management and the environment easily to increase the
motivation within the followers (McNeil et al., 2015). It also states that the leaders should
increase the understanding of the followers. Different styles of the leadership are applied in
the different situations. The situational leadership asks about becoming more adaptable and to
increase the understanding about the employees. The style of the leadership should be
changed by based on the taking capability of the followers.
Contingency theory
The contingency theory is speaks that the adaptability of the leaders are dependent on the
situation of the organisation. Mostly two leadership styles are applied in the organisation such
as the motivated by task and motivated by the relationship. The task motivated leaders are
generally care less for the resources and more about the task. The empathy of these leaders
are less than the relationship-motivated leaders. The relationship oriented leaders are more
careful about the people than the tasks. The contingency theories states about two factors in
the organisation.
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6. Motivational theories
Maslow
Figure 1: Maslow's need of hierarchy
(Source: Meuser et al., 2016)
The hierarchy of needs that is created by Maslow states that the needs of the people get
increased with time. At first the people were happy by fulfilling the physiological needs.
After the physiological needs the safety needs come (Meuser et al., 2016). Once after
becoming safe the people felt for the urge of love in the life. The love in the life helps to find
out the self-esteem of the company. The last need of the people is self-actualisation.
Herzberg
The two factors of the Herzberh theory states that there are two factors in the organisation.
From all the factors two factors are taken one is the positive factor of the motivation in the
workplace and the other is the hygiene of the workplace (Northouse, 2018). Some of the
employees are affected by this reason and helps to measure the impact of the different factors.
McGragor Two Factor Theory
The two factor theory of McGregor includes the two factors of the organisation one is the
theory X and the other is the theory Y. The theory states that the theory X and theory Y work
combined ly to increase the performance of the organisation. Halwai The theory X are the
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employees who are not at all willing to work, and the of the factors are the people who loves
to work together and to implement different working in your room.
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7. Conclusion
The above report has stated the theories of the management and the leadership in the
company. The productivity can be increased in the organisation by effectively applying the
theories of the organisation. All the information are covered in the project briefly. The
different theories can be understood and the country has become more available to all the
people. The report can be considered as the previous report.
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References
Hatch, M.J., 2018. Organization theory: Modern, symbolic, and postmodern perspectives.
Oxford university press.
Lee, J.M. and Hanna, S.D., 2015. Savings goals and saving behavior from a perspective of
Maslow's hierarchy of needs. Journal of Financial Counseling and Planning, 26(2), pp.129-
147.
McNeil, A.J., Frey, R. and Embrechts, P., 2015. Quantitative risk management:
Concepts. Economics Books.
Meuser, J.D., Gardner, W.L., Dinh, J.E., Hu, J., Liden, R.C. and Lord, R.G., 2016. A network
analysis of leadership theory: The infancy of integration. Journal of Management, 42(5),
pp.1374-1403.
Northouse, P.G., 2018. Leadership: Theory and practice. Sage publications.
Sanjeev, M.A. and Surya, A.V., 2016. Two factor theory of motivation and satisfaction: an
empirical verification. Annals of Data Science, 3(2), pp.155-173.
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