Management and Operation Report

This report analyzes the management and operation strategies of Mark and Spencer, focusing on the roles of leaders and managers. It discusses various leadership theories, operational management approaches, and their importance in achieving business objectives. The report evaluates the impact of external factors on business operations and highlights the significance of effective leadership in enhancing productivity and quality within the organization.

MANAGEMENT
AND
OPERATION

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................4
P1 Role and characteristics of leader and manager ....................................................................4
M1 Analysis of the leader and manager on the basis of the Theories.........................................5
D1 Evaluate the various theories and approaches of the leadership...........................................5
P2 Role and responsibility of the leader and manager in the different situation........................5
P3 Different theories and model with regard to the situational,system and contingency
leadership....................................................................................................................................7
M2 Strength and weaknesses of the different approaches..........................................................8
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................8
P4 Approaches to operation management and the role of the leader in it...................................8
P5 Importance of operation management in achieving business objective.................................9
M3 leader and manager can improve operation of the business...............................................10
P6 Assessing the factor and its impact on the operation management.....................................10
M4 Evaluate the factors which affect the business environment ............................................11
CONCLUSION .............................................................................................................................12
...............................................................................................................................12
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................12

INTRODUCTION
The project report is explain the management and operation of the organisation of the
Mark and Spencer limited company which is leading retail shop in the uk . The report covers the
basic concepts of the manager and leader. The aim of the report is to know about the role of the
leader and the basic function of the manger through which the skills and knowledge of the
individual can be increased. The various theories and approaches of the leadership are discuss
which help the organisation to conduct its business(Bahmani-Firouzi and Azizipanah-
Abarghooee., 2014). It also help to effective and efficiently development of the idea about the
management and operation of the company that make positive contribution in the process of the
managing the activity of the business. Under this the theories can help in achieving the objectives
through the concepts of the good learning unit in the managing the resources of the company.
TASK 1
P1 Role and characteristics of leader and manager
One of the major retail company Mark and Spencer in London is known with the selling
of branded products like home products, cloths and many costly food items. It has number of
stores in UK and they are planning to open new shops in the many of the country. The target of
the company is deliver quality products and services to its customer(Bahn., 2013).
Leader : it is said to be the individual who lead the team member of the organisation in
increasing the productivity of the business and to make the team capable to reach the goals.
Manager : the person who manage ,control and give direction to the team member with their skill
to use the resources in efficient manner.
Role of leader :
1. The leader must be able to develop,nurture and reward the capability of the employees.
2. It must represent the organisation through its transformation.
3. Mentoring and planning the key sources for the company (Mark and Spencer).
Characteristics of manager

1. Manager are reactive to the task of the business to operation .
2. The manager are to follow according to the policy of the company(DeAnna and et. al.,
2010).
3. The manager control and give the direction to the work formulated in the company of
Mark and Spencer(Eyal and et. al., 2014).
Management theories of the leader and managerial
1. Scientific theory : This theory is forces on the systematic implementation of the task with
apply engineering and numerical analysis .
2. Behaviour theory : This theory used by the manager to see the behaviour of the employee
to motived and encourage them to work(Hammill and Tanner., 2011).
3. Administrative theory : This is based on the structure of the management that has to be
followed by the leader and the manager.
4. Theory x and the theory y: the x theory measure the worker like and dislike works they
may responsible for the operations of the management.
Theory y explain the workers are want to do job the manager help them to increase the attitude
and motivate them to perform the work in the achieving the objective of the Mark and Spencer
limited company.
All the above theory are help the manager and the leader to accomplish the goals of the
company(Handschin and Petroianu., 2012).
M1 Analysis of the leader and manager on the basis of the Theories
All the above theories of the management can beneficial for the company in managing
the operation of the organisation with the effective leadership guidance and manager direction.
The behaviour of the workers toward their other member is also helpful foe the leader to make
changes in them . The use of the scientific data or assumption in the managing the resources of
the company (Mark and Spencer). The administrative theory is just to control the overall
development of the team and the leader manager relation. The both of them are rely on each
other for the common purpose the goal.
D1 Evaluate the various theories and approaches of the leadership
The basic theory of the leadership is design to only to make the profitability of the
organisation that is done by the Mark and Spencer in their company. Situational leadership is the
style which is used to set the employee according to the organisation requirements(Heizer and

Barry., 2013). Cultural leadership approach is the idea of the image of the and attitude of the
employee with the other members of the company. Another approaches are the adaptive and
contingency which impact the leader and manager says that the change in the department and the
internal and external environment can effect the performance of the company(Lind., 2013).
P2 Role and responsibility of the leader and manager in the different situation
As the leader and the manager of the organisation they must have the ability to make the
decision. In the most leader it is observe that they are able to take the effective decision in the
growth of the company . The Mark and Spencer limited the decisive situation are most welcome
because they have the ability to be the leader of their own(López and et. al., 2015).
There are various situation like
 flexibility : It focusses to the speed and quick decision making in the uncertain situation.
 Hierarchical : in these situation the communication between the operational level and the
top level the decision are to be made in the critical manner because proper information is
to be made them.
 Integrative : under these situation the decision are based on the multiple assess and with
the more input like in the case of the Mark and Spencer(Mendis Muttaqi and Perera.,
2014).
From all the above decisive situation the managerial function :
 To organise the business in the proper manner so that they situation of the mismatch can
not prevail .
 To plan according to the demand of the situation .
 The next process is to staff the new person for the job who are capable enough to manage
the operation of the company.
 Control the entire situation in the appropriate way to minimise the risk(Moghaddam, Seifi
and Niknam., 2012) .
 Direction to the employees to be motived to work in any situation.
Role of leader
 Communicator : The leader must be a good communicator to the employees of the
organisation it will help to encourage the flow of information in the company.
 Thinker : To identify the strength and weakness of the organisation like Mark and
Spencer.

 Decision maker : To analyse the potential problems and make certain decision on them.
 Team builder : It leads to understand the strategic goals of the company any they are able
to contribute according to the situation(Mohammadi and et. al., 2013).
On the basis of the above mentioned situation the approaches to the leadership are the important
tools of evaluating these situation . It shows the behaviour of the employees and the team
member toward the company . And the proper administrative guidance can be implemented.
P3 Different theories and model with regard to the situational,system and contingency leadership
To analyse the various theories and approaches of the leadership describe the behaviour
relationship between the leader and the manager. The proper guidance and direction must
established. It is based on two approaches :
1. Traditional leadership : This approach of the leadership explain the role of the person that
is comes from the past experiences( Bucks, D.A., 2012). In the earlier times the authority
and command are under the control of the leader.
2. Modern leadership : It is based on the concept of the change according to the need of the
company. The knowledge and skill of the leader is judged. Now a days refinement and
adjustment which is on going matter of the changing leadership style.
Situational approaches : It is the style of leadership which is used to fit the followers according
to the level of the situation. The leader can adopt the change to meet the needs of the
organisation in any kind of the situation(Neck and Manz., 2010).
System approaches : It treat an organisation as system .it may be of open and close system is
not get affected by the environment but the open system can be affected sometimes.
Contingency approaches : The theory explain and suggest the style of management is depend
on the different situation and the rigid style inefficient to the long period .
Strength :
To be self motivated : The behaviour theory of the management explain the likes and dislike of
the workers to overcome these situation the company.
Accountable : Through the leadership approaches the manager insure that it can become
accountable for the company like Mark and Spencer.
Weaknesses :
listening : The major issues in the leader approaches is the improper listing can prevail in the
organisation.

Decision manipulation : If the leadership theories can not implement properly it will leads to
decision manipulation in the company many times.
Leaders are the base of the organisation in the decision making and the steps in making the target
for the company in the achieving the objective in the efficient manner . The Mark and Spencer is
the complete example of the leadership and the management of their business operation.
M2 Strength and weaknesses of the different approaches
The strength of the approaches are to manage the business operation according to the
profitability and proper guidance to the available situation in the organisation . It shows the
difference in the work of the each and every individual of the company which is based on the
concept of the division of work (Nakayama.,2012).
The weaknesses of the approaches are that they are not reliable on the single areas of the
operation of the company but to follow the entire process of the different model and theories to
make the change in the decision making process of the company.
TASK 2
P4 Approaches to operation management and the role of the leader in it.
Operation management : It is the process of the business operation of the company Mark
and Spencer which is responsible for the managing the resources which are required to produce
the product and services of the company. The role of the operations management to convert the
inputs of the company into the output.
The operation management system is consist of the following process
1. Transformed resources : It includes the Input material, information,customer,facilities
and the staff as a input of the organisation in the company like Mark and Spencer.
2. Middle stage(Output product) : it consists of the operation strategy, planning and control ,
its design and improvement in the product and services to the performance of the
operation .
3. Customers : The final process of the operation transformation is ends with when the
product reached to the customers . The products and the services are the measure
according to the reaction of the customer.
Example of the operation system are the :

hospital its inputs are patient ,nurse,equipments which is concerted into healthcare and healthy
individual is the final outcome .
Role and responsibility of the manager in operations
 To know the strategic objective of the Mark and Spencer company operations.
 To develop the idea and strategy for the own company.
 To sometime asked to design operation system regarding product and services.
 The important role of the manager is to make the plan and to control the available
operation of the company.
 To check the improvement of the operation system.
The approaches to operation management :
1. Total quality management : This approach is to know the quality assurance with the aim
to develop the best culture for the organisation.
2. Lean production : It simply to control the wastage in the production process.
3. Just in time : It is the strategy for the the management of the inventory the company is
using to maximise the profitability and control the wastage.
4. Continuous improvement : As the name says that to continuous effort to improve the
product, quality and the services for the future.
In the company of mark and Spencer the leader are using the two approaches one is the just in
time and the another is the TQM approaches.
P5 Importance of operation management in achieving business objective.
The operation management of the Mark and Spencer limited company in managing the
business operations. It is important for the company to manages the operative in the planned
manners. There are the some importance of it
1. Productivity improvement : The major important part of the company Mark and
Spencer is to focused on the productivity of the products and services. It is measure in
term of the input invests and the output produces by the company.
2. Quality improvement: the another important in the operation management is the quality
of the product and service that are going to be delivered to the customers. At the small
scale it is important to have continuous improvement while in the large scale it should be
redesigned of the process of the activity.

3. To get competitive advantage : The main priority of the Mark and Spencer is to target
the audience of their group which they are able to use their products and services. The
proper awareness among them should be done to attract them toward their products.
The value of the product and the services is depend on the corporate social responsibility(CSR)
of the company which are directly impact the business operation of the Mark and Spencer.
The organisation must considers its goal as a social system and responsibility towards the level
of the department.
The business have many obligation to the society which comes with the economic and the
legality of the government. For the sustainable development of the company the company may
create opportunity of the growth for the business.
There are various ways in the operation management through which the company can increase
the efficiency by using the leadership approaches.
 There should be always finding for the supplier who can provide you a discount on the
large sales which is autocratic style of the leadership approaches(White., 2016).
 If the operations of the management are not finished at the company level the provision
should be made for the outsourcing of the one of the unit of the company .
The leader of the company can make sure about the plan before implementing it to the process
and the manager are must check the requirement of the resource .
M3 leader and manager can improve operation of the business
The leader and the manager are the two main parts of the operation management around
them all the activity of the manufacturing process of the operation are travel. The leader should
provide proper guidance to the team member ,assigned them to the correct position of their job.
While the manager are responsible for the proper administrative control of the entire operation of
the business in an organisation. In the company Mark and Spencer the leader and the manager
are both coordinate and communicate with each other before introducing any plan for the
business. Remove the similar position into one task.
P6 Assessing the factor and its impact on the operation management
In the company Mark and Spencer the operation management is assess by the external
factor of the environment which include:
 Political system : The local government can made a huge impact on the operation of the
company through its policy and the tax rates.

 Economic system : the economy trend are going in the phase of fast and slow growth
rate. It is responsible for the allocation of the scare resources for the company.
 Social system : It began with the idea ,style ,attitudes and the behaviour that are related
with the society development. The demographic situation are to be consider while
comparing the social system.
 Technological impact : The new innovation in the technology is also going to impact the
operation management of the Mark and Spencer limited company .
 Legal : the legal aspect are also derived from the changes in the internal and the external
policy of the business .
 Environmental : The increasing business has made the relation among the activity of the
economy in regard to the profit of the business(Thacker and et. al., 2010).
The CSR activity are also equally supported to make the growth of the company and the society
as a whole.
The business operation is based on the proper decision making of the leader and the manager . It
all starts with :
a) checking the availability of the resources available with the company.
b) Scheduling of the require changes for the resources and the proposed suitable time for
transition.
c) Assigning the duties : it is an important decision to be made by the leader and the
manager to assigning the duties to the concern person .
d) Training and preparation for the implementation of the plan with their skills and
knowledge .
Form the all above decision and the impact on the operation management the following
recommendation can be made:
 Start the operation with the fresh plan and the act according to the guidance.
 Try to remove the old business plan which are not appropriate for the growth of the
business of the Mark and Spencer(Pinkerton., 2011.).
 Maintain healthy relation with the customer to make them avail the product and services
of the company.

M4 Evaluate the factors which affect the business environment
The overall development of the company is based on the activity of the business
operation(Niknam, Meymand and Mojarrad., 2011) . That are mainly affected by the external or
the internal factor of the environment. The factors include the political system of the
government which by implementing the various plan and policy can make the impact the
operation and the economic system, the social factors , the change in the technology and the legal
aspect of the company are to be taken into the consideration before planning the management
operation for the business. They all are responsible for the development of the business of the
Mark and Spencer limited.
CONCLUSION
This is to conclude that the report is made with the full pledge with the context of the
management and the operation . One of the major retail company of London Mark and Spencer
which using is operation through the best use of the leader and the manager . The role and
responsibility of the manager function and the various leadership style and approaches are
explain in the report. It also contain the importance and process of the operation management .
All the factors which affect the external environment and the critical evaluation have been made
on the basis of the report analysis.
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