University Report: Management and Operations Analysis, HNBS 304

This report delves into the core concepts of management and operations, examining the distinct roles and characteristics of leaders and managers. It explores how these roles are applied in various organizational situations, using Sainsbury's as a case study to illustrate practical applications. The report further investigates different leadership theories and models, including situational, system, and contingency leadership, highlighting their strengths and weaknesses. It also covers key approaches to operations management and the crucial roles leaders and managers play in achieving business objectives, along with an analysis of the factors within the business environment that impact operational management and decision-making. The report aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the principles and practices of effective management and leadership in an operational context.

HNBS 304 Management and
Operations

TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
PROJECT 1......................................................................................................................................3
LO1..................................................................................................................................................3
P1 different roles and characteristics of a leader and a manager.................................................3
LO2..................................................................................................................................................5
P2 The role of a leader and the function of a manager apply in different situation of
organization..................................................................................................................................5
P3 Different theories and models of approach.............................................................................7
PROJECT 2......................................................................................................................................9
LO3..................................................................................................................................................9
P4 key approaches to operations management and role that leaders and managers play............9
P5 Importance and value of operations management in achieving business objectives............10
LO4................................................................................................................................................11
P6 The factors within the business environment that impact upon operational management and
decision-making by leaders and managers................................................................................11
CONCLUSION .............................................................................................................................12
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................13

INTRODUCTION
Management refers a set of principals which relevant to functions such as planing,
organizing, directing and coordinating. Application of these function in organization to
accomplish objective of business. Management is crucial part in organization because it supports
to achieve goals of organization by implementing beneficial plan in company. Operation refers
functions and decision which is made by human resource of organization which gives impact on
production, distribution, services and management etc. so that organization gets the highest
revenue in company (Jabbari-Sabet, Moghaddas-Tafreshi and Mirhoseini, 2016). To improve
employees turnover operation management is important. Human resource department also
supports to develop the motivation of employees. To understand management and their operation
there is an example of Sainsbury's company. It is the second largest chain of supermarket in UK.
Headquarter of this company is London. The Highest revenue of this company is £28.456 billion.
Number of employees are 186.900. this report will cover role of manager and leaders in
company.
PROJECT 1
LO1
P1 different roles and characteristics of a leader and a manager
ATTRIBUTES LEADER MANAGER.
Definition
Leader refers a person who
enhances their subordinates to
accomplish specific goal. Besides
of this main function to motivates
employees or subordinates s that
they enables to give the best
performance in their work.
While manger refers a person
who handles all functions in
organization such as planning,
organizing, directing and
coordinating and applies on
organization so that company
meets their objectives.
Approaches Leader of the company sets
direction for employees where
employees have to follow leader
While manger of the company
introduces details of plan in
organization where employees

direction. Besides of this leader
encourage employees to sharpen
their skills at workplace.
have take in action.
Style
Leader applies transformational
leadership in organization to
motivate employees (Meindl,
2016). According this leadership
leader understand employees
needs and makes them satisfy to
meet their needs. Through this
action leaders inspires their
employees to achieve organization
visions. Transformational
leadership enables to motivate
employees for long time.
While manager follows
transaction leadership in
organization where manger offers
reward and punishment to their
employees on the basis of their
performance at workplace.
Through this leadership manager
enables top motivate their
employees for short time.
Decision
While leader has duty to facilitate
decision for employees so that
employees enables to follow them
at workplace and organization
introduces the highest profitability
in business market.
Manager makes decision and
implement on organization so
that organization enables to get
profitability in business market.
Aim The main goal of leader is to lead
growth and development of
employees at workplace so that
employees gets the highest
position at workplace and achieve
organization mission. Leader
keeps foresightedness thinking
means to do action such like
which gives long term benefits.
While manager has goal to
achieve goal of organization
through employees so that
organization enables to gain first
position in business market
(White, 2016). Beside of this
manager goes with mind in
organization where implements
decision so that organization gets

Thus, leader motivate their
employees by offering their
expected needs so that they retain
for long time in company.
profit. That why manger uses
reward strategy in organization
so that employees sharps their
skills yo gain rewards. Thus,
manager motivate employees
and gain profitability at
workplace.
Focus
Leader focuses on employees and
main function to motivates
employees by developing their
multiple skills at workplace.
Beside of this leader focuses on
employees conflicts relevant their
needs, financial etc (Dang and
et.al., 2016). leader uses their
conflict as resources and motives
them by resolving them. Thus,
leader works for effectiveness so
that employees follows them and
achieve organization goal.
Through above action leader
enables to align employees in
organization.
While manager focuses on
operation which leads
productivity of skilled
employees. Manager focuses on
procedure of operation which is
conducted by manager. On the
basis of employees action
regarding operation, manager
decides to offer reward or
punishment to employees.
Manager Always avoids conflicts
of employees and focuses on to
organizes new employees in
company who perform well at
workplace.
LO2
P2 The role of a leader and the function of a manager apply in different situation of organization
Sainsbury plc is the third largest chain of supermarkets in the UK where organization
offers products such as superstore store, supermarket, convenience ship and forecourt shop etc.
to customers. Sainsbury is a retailing industry which has main goal to meets customers
objectives by offering desired products, but now organization suffers many issues. First issue is

that consumers is no longer shopping in supermarket as result gets impact on economical scale of
organization. That's why organization unable to take competitive advantage in business market.
Role of leader: To overcome this issue, leader analyses employees performance at workplace.
On the basis of employees situation organizes training program so that employees sharps their
skills and learns new skills. In this program leader hires skilled trainer who gives them trick to
tackle employees and offers their desired products along with good services so that customers
gets satisfaction from their services (Hsu and Chao, 2017). Besides of this leader monitors
employees performance after training so that organization gets highly skilled employees'
productivity at workplace. Leaser also understand employees weakness and inspires them to
overcome their weakness by group discussion. Leader also sets goal of employees regarding
products selling. Through this activity employees enables to attract employees and gains trust of
customers by meeting their expected products.
Function of Manager: While manager makes some plan to overcome this situation so that
organization gets profitability. Firstly manger sets selling target of each employee and appoints
marketer to analyse market where marketer understand customers needs and their expectation
regrading products and services (Aga, Noorderhaven and Vallejo, 2016). Thus, manager gets
customers views regrading products and makes plan to meet customers objectives. Besides of
this manger involves employees in decision so that they give innovative ideas. Through these
activities' manger gives values to customers and enables to increase sells of products in
supermarket. Thus, manger tackles situation and overcomes from issue.
Second issue is Sainsbury gets competition from rivals due to this organization unable to
maintain their positions in supermarket. It causes sustainability of organization becomes weak in
business market. Due to this number of customers purchasing power becomes less.
Function of Manager: Manager analyses market situation by the help of marketer and know
about customer demands and competitive strategy. On the basis of situation manager invests
funds on R&D department so that they enable to offers unique products which meets customer
expectation. Beside of this manger appoints supply chain management so that number of
customers gets products on time. Through this strategy organization enables to cover number of
customers and gains trust of customers by offering best services along with standard quality
products. Manger takes help of internet to reach potential customers and attracts new customers
where organization provides online delivery product services to rural and remote areas. Thus,

organization enhances Purchasing scale of products in company. Manger also applies seasonal
price strategy where customers get discount on products which attracts new customers and
assists to retain existing customers. Thus, manger enables to take competitive advantage from
rivals and raises brand position in business market.
Roles of Leader: While leader plays vital role to overcome from situation. Leader organizes
skill development program for employees. Through this program leader sharps employees skills
so that they apply at workplace and achieve selling target. Leader also provides friendly
atmosphere to employees where employees can interact to each other regarding issue and resolve
in minimum time. Leader also promotes team work at workplace so that number of employees
work efficiency increases and organization enables to take competitive advantage in competitive
market. Thus, leader tackles this situation and overcomes situation.
P3 Different theories and models of approach
There are lots of theories and leadership approaches which supports organization to
achieve organization goals and assists to retain employees in company.
Situational leadership
According to this leadership manager or leader of company adjusts his leadership so that
leader can fit the improvement level of the employees and influences employees work
performance at workplace. In leadership, style changes regularly so that leader can meet the
needs of employees in the retailing company based on the situation (Bianchi and et.al.,2018).
This leadership compiles four styles such as telling and directing, selling and coaching,
participating and supporting and delegating to employees. This leadership is important in
organization because it supports employees according to organization situation and helps to
organization to achieve profitability in company through employees' performance.
This leadership supports leader to motivate employees so that they influence their work
efficiency at workplace, and they become more dedicated to task or project. Thus, leader enables
to gain trust of employees and enhances their productivity at workplace.
This leadership is suitable for long-term profit because leader focuses on continuous
adjustment in the short term. Thus, leader unable to implicate appropriate leadership for long
term benefits. Beside of this leader faces pressure from organization because he has to changes
their leadership according to situation. Such kind continuous changes of style makes leader
frustrate, in that state leader unable to play good leadership for employee motivation.

System leadership
It refers the sets of skills and achievements which leader or manager can utilize to
organize, authorize and cooperate the procedure of system plane change. In this leadership,
leader perform their role to organizing, authorizing and as supporter for wide scale action rather
to occupy himself in the spotlight. System leadership is applicable for beginners where manger
implements sustainable improvement goals and leader takes in action. This leadership compiles
there leadership such as collaborative leadership, coalition-building and system leadership which
assembles innovation and their actions crosswise wide de-localized network. Main purpose of
leadership is to builds impressive system which introduces productive activeness and helps to
meet organization objectives.
System leadership supports beginners who are new at workplace. These leadership assists
them to improve efficiently so that they enable to gain sustainable approach for organization.
Leader also supports new candidates to sharpen their skills and learns new skills. Through such
kind new skills' organization gets innovative ideas at workplace.
This leadership also has some drawbacks such as leader focuses on new Canadians rather
to existing candidates. Thus, organization unable to takes profit both type of employees.
Contingency
Contingency leadership refers effectiveness of leader which matches leader and their
situation and leader also analyses what type style is required to manage organization situations.
In this leadership leader has potential to direct and enhances group of employees towards
individual position and objectives. This theory contains various type of model such as maslow's
theory model and Herzberg's model etc (Naeem and Khanzada, 2017). both model is specially
organized to motivate employees so that they retain in organization for long time. Maslow theory
is based on employees' requirement where leader fulfil their needs by offering good working
condition and physiological needs. Thus, leader enables to meet employees needs. While
Herzberg's model is two factor theory in which concludes motivation-hygiene theory and dual-
factor theory. In contingency theory leader focuses on organization situation and changes
leadership style. Thus, leader enables to motivate employees at workplace by meeting their
objectives. This leadership leads employees turnover in high range at workplace.
This leadership supports management to alter their policies according to situation and it assists
manager to increases their leadership and enhances decision-making skills. Through this

leadership manager enables to builds good relation with employees and retain skilled employees
in company for long time.
This theory has drawback such as organization unable to takes competitive advantage due
to high turnover of employees in company rather to profitability.
PROJECT 2
LO3
P4 key approaches to operations management and role that leaders and managers play
Operation management refers management of organization practices which creates high
level skilfulness within organization. Operation management has various functions such as
planning, organizing, coordinating and controlling all are assets of organization which requires
producing organization's goods and services. Operation management approaches consists three
theories which supports organization to meet their objectives and manger or leader also plays
role to implement these approaches in organization. Approaches are-
Business process redesign (BPR): it is organization management strategy which focus on
monitor and design workflow and marketing process within organization. The main goal of this
approach is to offers guideline for redesign and take lots of advantage of efficiency which creates
by IT department etc. In this approach manger plays vital role because he introduces new
technology in business so that organization enables to take competitive advantage in bushiness
market. Beside of this manger enables to offers innovative product along with good services to
customers. While leader organizes skills development classes to employees where they learn
how to operates new technology and how they can apply at workplace so that they enable to give
values to their customers.
Six sigma model: it is second approach of operation management where centring on quality. In
simple term a approach which supports business to develop current procedure, goods and their
services by identifying and removing obstacles (Baumgartner and Rauter, 2017). To implement
this approaches manger plays vital role such as manger recruits skilled employees in company so
that they assist to approach organization goals. Besides of this manger reduces employees
turnover in company so that company enables to take more profits in organization. Through this
approach manger enables to measure organization profitability and control on wasting money.
While leader promotes their employees to accomplish target in minimum time and also monitors
employees performance at workplace. On the basis of performance gives report to manager.

Lean manufacturing model: it is systematic approach which eliminates waste within
manufacturing system as results productivity becomes maximize in company. This approach is
based on three models such as conversion, flow and values etc. Manager control on inventory
management where mange products quantity so that number of products doesn't waste out during
transportation thus manager saves money of organization. While leader makes expert to
employees to sell large amount of product to customers so that company gets high revenue of
organization in supermarket.
P5 Importance and value of operations management in achieving business objectives
Sainsbury is supermarket retailing company which has objective that to offers high
standard services to customers and enhances financial returns to organization stakeholders.
Another objective is to maximize customers desirousness for well-being, harmless, fresh and
tasty foods to form their lives easier. To accomplish organization objectives, operation
management plays vital role in organization such as planning, organizing, coordinating and
monitoring. Beside of this organization management makes essential development which
supports to gain high profitability in company (Welford, 2016). Operation management conducts
training program for employees where trainer makers understand how to perform at workplace
so that employees gets value of their money. Function of operation management to gain
organization objectives such as-
Planning: Operation management makes plan to cover large number of customers and gives
value to their money. To accomplish this plan manger sets goal and introduces employees so that
they understand organization's objective importance in company. Beside of this recruits new
candidates in company which leads company in new platform. Operation management also keeps
high standard quality products along with services.
Organizing: Operation management implements all plan in organization and hires supply chain
management which assists to gives their best services customers. To make skilled employees'
manger organizes skill development classes for them where trainer learns them trick how to
tackle customers and how to satisfy them from their services.
Coordination: Operation management builds good relation to their employees at workplace by
resolving their conflicts so that they give the best performance at workplace and organization
achieves their objectives.

Controlling: Management also monitors employees action and on the basis implement rules on
organization. Operation management analyses all operation so that measure the profitability of
company.
These all are function plays by operation management in organization thus management assist
company to achieve objectives.
LO4
P6 The factors within the business environment that impact upon operational management and
decision-making by leaders and managers
There are two factors such as external factor and internal factor which gives impact on
operation management and also gives impact on decision-making by manager and leader.
External factors are PEST while internal factors are SWOT.
External factors:
Political factor: Sainsbury is UK retailing company where organization can't trade their
products in multiple countries because according UK policies retail company can trade in limited
countries. Due to this operation management finds difficulty to get resources for selling products.
while it gives impact on manager decision-making because manager have to change their
strategy to get resources and interlink another supply chain so that company gets profit in
company. Leader also have to modify their leadership style to sharpen employees skills.
Economical factor: Economical factor gives positive impact on operation management because
in inflation time, people prefer to take buy goods rather to dine out hotel. In that state operation
management can enhance their selling target so that company can get high revenue in business
market. This factor also influences manager decision-making which he applies in organization to
enhance purchasing power of customers. Beside of this it influences employees motivation
regarding their services and leads effectiveness of leader.
Socio-cultural: Demographical changes gives negative impact on operation management
because he has to changes their operation again and again to meets customer objective (Noe and
et.al.,2017). Thus, it enhances cost of products. Continuous changes in products gives impact on
manager decision-making because he has to invest more funds on R&D department which leads
loss in company. It gives impact on leader training because leader unable to invest more money
on employees training.

Technological factor: It gives positive impact on operation management because management
enables to give more productivity in organization by introducing new technology and it enhances
working efficiency of management. While manager gets positive impact in decision-making due
to new technology and leader enables to enhance work efficiency of employees at workplace
through new technology.
Internal factors:
Strength: brand value is strength of Sainsbury where operation gets positive impact because due
to this operation enables to get resources in well-formed manner. While manager also gets
positive impact because he doesn't get difficulties to enhance revenue of company. Leader
enables to enhance performance of employees.
Weakness: brand switching also gives negative impact on operation management where
management unable to implement particular strategy. Due to unavailability management
manager unable to achieve goal which demotes employees so leader unable to motivate
employees.
Threat: competition gives negative impact on operation management where management have
to change their strategy while manager have to make another decision to win competition. Due to
high competition leader have to organize different leadership.
Opportunity: subsidiaries of Sainsbury enhance purchasing power of customers so operation
management enables to plays various role while manager gets chances to gain more profitability
thus it influences effectiveness decision-making. Leader enables to enhance performance of
employees at workplace.
CONCLUSION
This report has been concluded role of leader and function of manager in organization. It
also has been cover various theories and model such as situational, system and contingency in
organization. In this report has been cover operation management function and their approaches
so that organization enables to gain their objectives. In this report has been explained about
bushiness environmental factor such as swot and pestle and how it gives impact on manager and
leader decision-making. This report also has been concluded operation management function
which meets business objectives.