Unit 4: Management and Operations - Leadership and Management Analysis

This report examines the roles and characteristics of leaders and managers, comparing their functions and responsibilities within an organization. It defines management as the process of planning, organizing, and leading resources to achieve organizational goals, while operational management focuses on improving efficiency in converting inputs into outputs. Using Osymar Construction Limited as a case study, the report explores how different leadership and management styles apply in various market situations, including slow, stable, and fast-growing environments. It further analyzes leadership theories such as situational and system leadership, highlighting their impact on decision-making, team dynamics, and overall organizational success. The report emphasizes the importance of adapting leadership approaches to suit specific contexts and challenges within a business setting.

Management and operations

TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................................3
MAIN BODY.........................................................................................................................3
Define and compare the different roles and characteristics of a leader and a
manger........................................................................................................................................3
.....................................................................................................................................................7
Examine the role of leader and function of manager apply in different situations 7
.....................................................................................................................................................9
Theories and models of approach................................................................................9
...................................................................................................................................................11
Approach to operation management.........................................................................11
...................................................................................................................................................13
Importance and value of operation management....................................................13
The factor that have impact upon operational management and decision making
by manager and leader..........................................................................................................14
CONCLUSION...................................................................................................................16
REFERENCES...................................................................................................................17

INTRODUCTION
Management is the process of planning, making the appropriate decision,
organising, leading and motivating while managing the human resources, finance and
other related information. It helps the organisation to achieve their goals and objectives
in an efficient way. The nature and definition of management changes with the concepts
and the view points of the management. It is associated with group efforts with offering
a purpose. Management is goal oriented, indispensable and intangible (Ravinder, and
Kollikkathara, 2017). Operational management is the working of business practice in a
way to create more efficiency within the organisation. It is related to the process of
converting raw materials and labour into products and services in an efficient way.
Such management professionals find different ways to balance the cost and expense
with the generated revenue. They try to maximise the profit of the operations. Osymar
construction limited is a construction company which is headquartered in Ilford Essex.
The company processes its operations from the East side of London. It is a small
business enterprise which specialises mainly in repairs and renovation. The company
has got many contracts from London Boroughs and even some government contractors
(Dekker, and et.al., 2021). Osymar was awarded a contract to renovate lot of properties
by a construction group who works for local and national governments. The
management operation are facing many problems and this report deals with the process
and approaches of managements and leadership to solves these problems.
MAIN BODY
Define and compare the different roles and characteristics of a leader and a manger
Manager: It is the person which is responsible part of the company. They are in charge
of the people working within the company. Manager handles all the managerial
functions happening within the organisation.
Leader: Are someone who focuses on ways to improve the things and lead people
towards a given vision. Leaders are the individuals who to make the vision a reality
(Foulkes, E. and Pines, M., 2018). It is the individual who leads the organisation.

Leaders Managers
Attitude towards goals Alter the mood and set
company’s direction.
Impersonal passive
outlook.
Conception of work Develop fresh approach.
Take risk when
opportunities appear.
Negotiate and balance the
opposing views.
Avoid taking risk.
Relation with others Relate to other people
directly.
Focus on substance of
events and participants.
Lack empathy.
Focus on process.
Sense of self Comes from struggle.
Feel separate from
organisation.
Comes from perpetuating.
Feel part of the
organisation.
Characteristics of leaders and managers
Leaders Managers
Decision making Facilitates Makes
Culture Shapes Endorses
Actions Proactive Reactive
Risk Takes Minimises
Roles of leaders and managers
The roles of leaders and managers can be interchangeable but it still shows
many differences in the functions performed by leaders and mangers (Liu and et.al.,
2020). In an organisation a manager is the person who designs and manages the work
of all the department working within the organisation in order to makes the company
successful and reach their predetermined goals and objectives. The main function of
mangers is to develop different business strategies and policies to make the working of
the staff and employees and follow the aim of performing effectively in the particular

task to complete the objectives. Managers work on wide range of levels in an
organisation. They are mostly concerned with the performance of the employees and
their appraisals. Leaders are the individuals who can get the work done from the
employees. They play an important role in motivating their team members with the help
of proper communication and leading the vision of the company.
The main focus of the employees is to influence and inspire the employees into
performing better resulting in increased efficiency and productivity. The different in role
and characteristics of mangers and leaders can be a lot but both the manger and leader
work to fulfil the goals of the organisation. Managers set the objective of the company
while leaders chase the objected set by the managers. Managers communicate
information and policies to the leader and leader in turn communicate these to
employees in the best possible way. Manager’s role is to set the directions for the team
while leader make them follow these directions. The main of a manger is on things like
resources and of leaders on the hand is to focus on people working for the organisation
(Abou-Senna, and et.al., 2018). Leaders play the role of implementing the ideas created
by the mangers for the benefit of the company and leaders making them a reality. The
main role of manager in the organisation is to plan and that of a leader is to inspire the
employees working within the company. Leaders play a big part in motivating the
employees to work their best while managers direct the work to these employees.
Osymar construction limited is the company which deals with the construction
and related activities. The management of the company must be efficient that the
strategies developed are by the organisation will lead to increase in productivity and
more profits. The roles of mangers are different from the role of a leader in every ways.
Osymar has won many appreciations for their work done. Leaders of the company are
efficient and employees work well on the standards lay out by the mangers.
Differentiating in the roles of leaders and managers will help the company in growing
their business because the tasks will be segregated and performed in a better way. The
main key difference between a leader and manager can be done the grounds that
leaders persuade their subordinates to attain the desired goals and managers are there
to manage the whole of the organisation (Choi, Wallace, and Wang, 2018). Leader
exhibit the quality of foresightedness and managers on the other hand work with their

intelligence. The decisions taken by a manger are facilitated by the leader. In case of
any conflicts, a manger chooses to avoid the situation and the leaders uses this
conflicts as an asset. Leaders promote innovation and change but a manager does not
react well to the changes.
Examine the role of leader and function of manager apply in different situations
Role of leader and mangers are very different from one another. In case where leader
has to take effective decisions and motivate employees, manager will focus on the
outcomes in favour of company. Decision is made considering the condition of market
and the latest market trends. An organisation has to survive during different situations
like slow, stable and fast market. Along with this there are many different styles of
leadership can be applied in the case of Osymar. The role of manager and a leader
changes with different situations. When the market situation is slow it affects the
business of Osymar. Slow change in the organisation will lead to delay in the
completion of the project and will thus reduce the net profits of the company. Changes
taking place in the internal part of the organisation are from the changes happening in
the external environment (Benjaafar, and Hu, 2020). Having the profits coming at slow
rate is the result of slow growth in the market. This can not affect negatively to the
business of Osymar.
When the market situation is stable, company is working in a moderate and
stable place. Having a stable market does not change anything in a large extent. These
changes will not affect the Osymar as there are no high level changes to be taking place
in the market. This makes the company easy to make quick decisions and helps in
analysing the market in a correct way such that no changes comes forward in the
business environment. In the case of fast growing market, major impact is placed on the
organisations like Osymar. Fast market leads to some rapid changes in the business
world and therefore in the organisation. The company has to cope up with new trends
and bring in innovation, this is where the role of leader comes in action. These rapid
changes can result in taking some wrong decisions and predicting the changes in the
business environment easily.

There are many changes which will affect the inner and outer both the
businesses. The changes in the inner environment can leads to changes in the structure
of the organisation, the method of process, working of machinery and the policies along
with rules and regulations of the organisation. It affects the planning of the project, on
boarding new employees, communication happening within and outside the company at
different levels, and most importantly it influences the controlling and leading process.
Having a control on these factors will result in more earning and gaining profits while
making a top level position for the company. External changes are the result of changes
from the political systems, changes in legislature, social aspects and technological
advancements. Such changes open the window for opportunity for the business of
Osymar to help them grow and develop the business. The decision taken from the
internal and external changes are dependent on the leaders. Supportive leadership
style is used to market the working of the business run smoothly and effectively. If the
employees feel supported by the leaders then the work is done in an efficient way
(Postuła, and Majczyk, 2018). The decision made by the managers will be beneficial for
the company and the ones taken by the leaders will be according to the needs and
demands of the employees. This way the goals of the company will be achieved.
Theories and models of approach
Situational leadership: It is the type of leadership where the leader assigns tasks and
other actions to the employees depending on the skills, knowledge and talent they
posses. Leader firstly analyse the condition of the market and then take decisions
based on the analysis for the organisation. This theory helps in making best
assessment which will help the company overcome the challenges coming in their way.
There many aspects rising form the market place which can impact the decision making
process in a negative way. The rise of conflict in the team will change the roles and
responsibilities of the members of the team. The decision taken from situational
leadership helps in solving the issues and ending the conflicts while completing the
project on the desired time period (Chiu, Balkundi, and Weinberg, 2017). This approach
to leadership helps the organisation to adapt according to the different range of
situations in the market along with improving the decision making process. It makes the

employees part of the planning process and the process following after that. Situational
leadership builds coordination and effective team communication between the superiors
in the management and the workers working under them. Thus, it helps in ensuring the
organisation to sustain.
System leadership: This leadership approach is used across the organisational
and the geopolitical limits for an individual professional discipline. This approach is done
in the range of organisational culture and the stakeholder expectations and with no
control of management. This leadership is applied in an organisation with the help of a
leader which understands the perspectives of the organisation along with their own
ideas (Wolf, and Ober, 2017). When a system leadership approach is used in a
company will the benefit the company in finding the best leader who will work long tern
by having a proper vision. These leaders help in setting new limits for the company and
make it unique to help sustain the work business market. System leadership approach
helps in promoting innovations and creativity within the work place and encourages the
employees to think out of the box. System leadership imparts the vision into the leaders
in their team leading to a sustainable development.
Contingency approach: This model of leadership states that no type of
leadership style is perfect to lead the organisation to the success and take decisions
depending on the actions of the internal and external situations of the organisation. A
contingent leader is allowed to effectively apply their styles suitable in that particular
situation. A leader who is more task oriented will not take the concerns about the
perceptions of the employees and will only focus on completion of the task. In the
contingency model, the organisation faces both positive and negative effects depending
on the selection of leadership approach. It helps in increasing the productivity of the
employees and help in developing the work culture of the organisation. The main aim of
this approach is to produce a sustainable development on the basis of quality and
quantity. By applying the relation oriented approach will result in more motivation in the
employees which will lead to employee retention but lack of productivity.
Transformational leadership: It is the leadership style where the leaders are
encouraging their employees into being more innovative and create change in
favour of the business of the company. In Osymar construction, this leadership is

attained by setting an example of strong corporate culture, employee ownership
and independence in the work place. The leaders of the company are always
motivating other employees ad trust the trained staff to take the authority of
decision making. The employees in this company are ready to become a
transformational leader.
Transactional leadership: These leaders value the order and structure.
They command the operations and help in managing large organisations.
Transactional leaders are not best suitable for Osymar constructions as they are
good fit in the organisation like Osymar where creativity and innovation are
strongly values.
Approach to operation management
Different approaches are used in operation management to make the management
process better. It helps in analysing the situation within the organisation and taking
decision according to that. These approaches are:
Just in time: This strategy is used to increase the efficiency while reducing the
amount of waste during receiving the goods when they are required in the production.
Thus, it helps in reducing the inventory costs. This method is used to focus on the
process of production and to complete it on time to reach the desired targets. Just in
time inventory approach helps in attaining the results which were introduced initially in
the planning process. The method of reducing the wastage of resources and making
them utilize up to the full extent will make the process compete according to the time
period (Tiainen, 2018). Machinery and tolls are handled with care in order to make the
process of manufacturing right in all ways and thus receiving the desired results. The
role of leaders and managers in the Just in time approach for operational management
is that a manager will help in ordering goods to the suppliers at the correct time. They
make sure to order the right amount after determining the demands. They maintain
good relations with the suppliers to ensure a proper supply. A leader makes sure about
the receiving process of the goods and make use of them in a proper functional manner
in the production process. They avoid any wastage of the resources. They ensure the
working pattern of the employees and assign them with roles and responsibilities.

Along with this, leaders monitor the conditions of all the equipments used in the
production process.
Total quality time: This process helps in planning for a long period of time in
order to get success. The success comes from waiting for a long time and earning the
profit. This approach helps in maintaining a proper quality along with the affordable
prices for the products and services offered by Osymar. Leaders ensure about the
effective utilisation during the whole work. They remain committed and are involved in
the management process to achieve an organisational support. A leader helps in doing
performance measurement for the complete process. Role of manager on the other
hand is to ensure the unwavering focus on the customers. They treat the suppliers like a
business partner and thus help in continuous improvement of the business and its
operations.
Lean production: This theory explains the best methods which can help in
giving out better outcomes. The final result can be influenced by a wide range of factors.
The main parameter which is used to achieve the desired result with the least possible
wastage of the available resources and using up to the full potential and capacity. In this
the top management and leaders are focused on making the employees aware of using
the resources efficiently. This approach is useful to improve the productivity and the
skills of the employees working within the organisation. Leaders help the workers to
understand their roles and responsibilities related to the lean production. They help in
directing the employee to increase their production while monitoring the complete
process. Managers in a lean production carry out analysis regarding the effectiveness of
the products. They check that o useful product s gone waste and reports about the
process to the higher authority.
Leaders and mangers hold the power to control and manage the employees
working in the organisation. Thus, they can help in increasing the efficiency of operation
management. they help in streamlining and simplifying the process. Streamlining helps
to focus on the main things and simplifying leads to breaking the process in easy steps
and accomplishing it. They help in resolving small issues which are affecting the work
performance directly or indirectly. It is important as these minor issues can lead to
creating some big problems. They are supposed to be more updated and have

complete knowledge of current market trends to keep the operation working according
to that. Along with this, leads and managers also measure the performance which is by
identifying the strengths and weakness of their fellow colleagues and team members.
Leaders play a huge contribution in inspiring the members of the team by taking their
stress off and mangers keep the employee turnover at minimum rates with the staff
management plan.
Importance and value of operation management
Operational management deals with overlooking, designing and controlling the process
of production in the business operations. It forms the heart of the company as it controls
the system of operations. Operational management is related to the design, operation
and improvement of the process in order to form and deliver the primary goods and
services of the organisation.
In any organisation the value of operational management is very high n order to achieve
the desired business goals and success. Controlling and distribution are the important
aspects in an operation as they control the process of production. It helps in ensuring a
proper distribution of products in order to reach the objectives of the organisation.
Operational management helps in reducing the waste and increasing the efficiency of a
strong and controlled system.
Organisations such as Osymar need to understand and analyse the importance and
influence of operational management for their business objectives. Operational
management helps in calculating the profits and increase the ratio of the profit margin.
Increase in profit can help the organisation to expand their business in to a wide range
of options and work on this plan smoothly (Gächter, and Renner, 2018). This can lead
the company to explore a new segment of the market. Thus, operational management
helps in increasing the profits and targeting new area. In this modern business world,
there is a new trend coming almost every day. These trends are important to address in
order to sustain in the market. Osymar company has to take appropriate steps
regarding these trends to manufacture the products and service and giving the
customers the best satisfaction. Addition to this, operational management helps in

retaining the employees for long period of time in the company. Lastly, operational
management helps in increasing the product sales by following a research about the
new technologies. It helps the companies use the advanced technology into their
business operations and gaining a competitive advantage.
The factor that have impact upon operational management and decision making by
manager and leader
There might be various factor that could have the impact over the operational
environment in the business while at time of taking decision by the manager and leader.
Therefore, this factor could help for achieving the better effective manner goals and
objective. Here some of the factor such as:
Resources of the organization:-
Osymar Construction have many resources available in the organization while
through which some of this can be managed properly and systematic way for taking
benefits from the organization. Hence, the productive and their performance must be
important for taking the decision and try to make sure about the effective manner
operational management (Hartiwi, Kozlova and Masitoh, 2020). This might be also
available and while for working together with the resources for work organization.
Human resources and raw material must be important for which they can work and
make sure about the resources for which they can work.
Financial status:-
The financial status that could also make their decision for working with high in
taking decision for the manager and leader. Osymar construction show the proper
direction for their employee while working with the proper estimation with the financial
status and also make some of the proper strategies for working with the organization.
The decision which have been taken by the manager and leader that could be related to
costs and investment for their customer or employee for having the better goals and
objective.
Market trends:-
The market trends can also changes due to having the changes in the lifestyle of
the people. While through which this could be also the decision making for the leaders

and manager for working with the effective manner (Pellegrini and et.al., 2020).
Although which could help the people for making their homes construction in having
some of the new changes and make them more satisfied. The market trends can be
analysed while by having the success for the organization and easily make sure about
the various kinds of trends in the customer.
Stakeholders:-
The stakeholder can be includes the customer, employee, suppliers and investor
etc. While through which this could be important for the operational management in
which the leader and manager for which they can take the decision (Yunusa-Kaltungo
and Labib, 2020). This might be also important in taking their decision for having the
investor people who make their investment only for getting interested from the profits.
Although Osymar construction make sure about the stakeholder in their organization.
Political and legal changes:-
A legal changes can also affected the decision for leader and manager in the
Osymar Construction. The changes can also made for having the changes in policies
and being more imposed in the organization. Along with this planning can be done while
by taking the proper strategies for which they can have the better estimation for the
profits. Therefore, the manager and leader can play the role for change in future and
make sure about the managing and also arranging the sources for their employee.
Technological changes:-
The technology changes can be arises in the external environment while through
which this could help in taking the decision for the leader and manager at the Osymar
Construction (Erthal and Marques, 2020). While taking any decision they think about the
adoption of changes that could take place while for having the better growth and easily
make sure about the strategies for which they can have better future aspects. The
external environment can predict that changes the future plan and make the better
development.
The SCHEMA model framework while in the customer are being engaged with the
business of the organization. this model can also lead for having the sustained
incremental profitability while fro engaging customer through the products and services
for the construction. this can also make the proper use of the targeted services and

customer who can work for their profits and positioning about their work along with
translate into actual customer experience.
CONCLUSION
From the above report it had been seems that organization structure must be
important for having the better development and make sure about the growth. While by
using the different theories and models for the organization that could help for knowing
about the various strategies. Along with analysing the strength and weakness for
showing about the models and various theories for the organization structure. In this
report, the importance of the operation management have been also analysed from
which this also come to know about the impact over the companies. Furthermore, the
factor have been identified with the operational management while fro taking decision
with having the environment internal and external for working with the leader and
manager role. In this report the operational management must be important while for
taking the high range of the profits in which they can make sure about the various
things. In this the various power that have been distributed among the various employee
for having the better results.

REFERENCES
Books and journals
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