Cadbury's Management and Operations: Roles of Leaders and Managers

This report provides a comprehensive analysis of management and operations within Cadbury, a multinational confectionery company. It begins by defining and comparing the roles and characteristics of leaders and managers, highlighting their distinct responsibilities and functions within the organiz...Read More

Management and
Operations

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................................................3
Part 1................................................................................................................................................3
P1 Define and compare the different roles and characteristics of a leader and a manager.........3
Difference between managers and leaders..................................................................................5
P2 Role of leaders and manager's functions in different situational context..............................6
P3 Different theories and models of approaches.........................................................................7
Part 2................................................................................................................................................8
P4 Key approaches of operations management and role of managers and leaders.....................8
P5 Importance of operations management in achieving business objectives.............................9
TASK 4..........................................................................................................................................10
P6 Factors of business environment which impact on decision-making by managers & leaders
and operational management.....................................................................................................10
CONCLUSION .............................................................................................................................11
REFERNCES:................................................................................................................................13
Books and Journals:..................................................................................................................13

INTRODUCTION
Management is a process of managing business operations in an organisation to ensure
effective working in business (Yang, 2018). Operations in terms of business refers to the day to
day routine work in any business in order to achieve their goals and objectives. Leaders and
managers are assigned in any organisation in order to manage working in an organisation.
Cadbury is a multinational company which operates in more than 50 countries and wholly owned
by Mondelez International. Headquarter of Cadbury is in Uxbridge in West London. Cadbury
deals in many products but mostly known for its dairy milk chocolates. This report provides for
structure of management in Cadbury and explains various responsibilities and roles of a leader as
well as manager. Leaders uses various leadership styles in order to perform their functions.
Several leadership theories and approaches are used by leaders and managers for effective
leadership practices. This report also contains several factors of business environment which
effect the decision making of managers and leaders in an organisation.
Part 1
P1 Define and compare the different roles and characteristics of a leader and a manager.
Management is an essential part of any organisations in order to achieve their goals and
objectives. In context of Cadbury it is a company which operates in various countries having a
hierarchical organisational structure (Aluisio and et. al., 2017). The flow of communication in
Cadbury is downward that means the higher level management takes decision and communicate
it to the different level management of organisation. It operates in three levels higher level,
middle level and lower level management. All these levels are handle by different people which
are known as managers and leaders who have their different roles according to their positions.
Leader and managers are different from each other which is explained below:
Leader: Leaders are individuals in an organisation who are obligated in maintaining
efficiency in an organisation and lead them to move towards goals of an organisation. They are
directly connected with the employees which are responsible for production in an organisation.
In respect of Cadbury, leaders are responsible to maintain good relations with employees and
prompt them to achieve vision and mission of organisation (Korobiichuk and et. al., 2019). In
Cadbury, the employees who command the various base employees are considered as leaders in
organisation.

Managers: Managers are individuals who are part of management in an organisation.
They make various plans and policies to achieve goals and objectives of an organisation. They
also set mission and vision connected with employees and general public which provides
motivation to employees. In Cadbury, CEO, chairman of board and managers of different
departments are considered as managers in the organisation. They formulate plans and policies
for organisation as well as for their respective departments.
Role of Leaders
Innovative vision: Innovation is an essential element which supports in organisational
success. In the era of high competition, it is essential to be innovative and creative to sustain in
the market. In respect of Cadbury, Leaders of Cadbury are so innovative to provide better
production to organisation they also provide chance to their employees to present their ideas
which gives them more ideas to be performed. They always comes with new type of products
such as various flavours of existing products which shows innovation in their production process
which shows innovated mind of leaders in the organiosation.
Provide training and guidance: Training and guidance are needed to be provided to the
employees which helps them to perform tasks which are assigned to them in every organisation.
In Cadbury, a proper structure of training is fixed by higher level management which is provided
by leaders of organisation. It is responsibility of a leader to take care that training should be
provided in efficient manner as Cadbury is so particular about the ingredients used and process
of its manufacturing. It results in increase in productivity of organisation.
Characteristics of leaders
Delegation of work: Delegation of work is essential in large organisations like Cadbury
as it lessen the burden from higher authority to take decisions in efficient manner (Duran Sierra,
2019). Leaders have the quality to delegate their work in efficient manner according to the skills
required to perform. It is a characteristic of a leader because it requires a proper allocation of
work to their employees for quality production of products. The leaders in Cadbury delegate
their work to their team mates and focus on providing them assistance and ideas to complete the
task in efficient manner.
Effective Communicator: Leaders need to be an effective communicator as they have to
communicate essential commands to their subordinates. They are responsible to perform the task
assigned to them with the help of their subordinates. To reduce chances of miscommunication of

task which can cause a loss to organisation leaders should have the quality to communicate
effectively (Ruparathna, Hewage and Sadiq, 2018). In Cadbury, they choose their leaders very
precisely after considering effective communication quality in an individual. The leaders of
Cadbury use their effective communication to maintain good working environment in the
organisation.
Functions of managers
Provide authorisation: Managers of Cadbury have reasonable authority which is
necessary to achieve organisational goals and objectives. To reduce the load the higher managers
provide some of the authorities to leaders which results in higher efficiency, less wastage of time
and low burden on managers to focus on decision-making in an organisation. The managers of
Cadbury also do the same.
Develop policies: Managers of an organisation are authorised to develop certain policies
to provide guidelines for working in an organisation. In Cadbury, high level management
develops certain policies that helps the organisation in creating a disciplined working
environment and increase their productivity.
Characteristics of managers
Time management: As managers are responsible to perform various task in timely
manner to meet the sets deadlines, they should know the management of time. Managers should
possess this quality as it is essential for every manager to perform various functions in
organisation. In Cadbury, their managers are so trained and experienced in their work that they
perform all their tasks in timely manner. They know how to get their work managed and how
much time to be alloted to do a particular task which is included in time management.
Effective communication: Managers are base to the organisation who are responsible to
formulate plans and policies of organisation. To communicate their ideas and views on that plans
and policies to their subordinates they needs to have a quality of effective communication
(Zhong-Zheng and Yang-Zi, 2018). In context of Cadbury, their managers are very polite and
good in communication that they can supply their thoughts to their subordinates in effective
manner. Their skills of effective communication is used to motivate employees of organisation
and command in effective manner to reduce chances of miscommunication.
Difference between managers and leaders
Basis Leaders Managers

Role Leaders are important for
every organisation to support
and guide employees of an
organisation in work in
effective and efficient manner.
They provide new ideas and
methods which results in better
product.
Managers perform
administrative functions in an
organisation which includes
planning, organising, staffing
and controlling. They also
checks whether leaders are
performing their roles in
efficient manner.
Characteristics Leaders of Cadbury has good
communication skills and are
influential in nature which
attracts and motivate
workforce to produce in
efficient manner.
Managers at Cadbury have
good management skills and
perform excellent in time
management (Kumar and
Yadav, 2018). They are good
communicator in order to
communicate plans and
policies.
P2 Role of leaders and manager's functions in different situational context.
Cadbury is an second largest confectionery multinational company and to reach at this
position it requires efficient managers and leaders to manage functions of organisation
(Viktorelius, 2018). There are different roles and responsibilities of managers and leaders in
different situations are explained below:
Situation 1: Effective management in complex situation: There are various complex
situations arise either internally or externally in an organisation due to dynamic environment. It
requires proper and good management to resolve those situations. Change in demand and needs
of consumers sometimes put organisations in complex situations. In order to come out of these
situations, leaders and managers plays an important role. Their role in Cadbury is given below:
Role of a Leader
 The leaders of Cadbury will analyse the situation and then find solutions for the same.

 In order to lower the risk for future they analyse the situations on continuous basis and
take decisions accordingly.
Functions of manager
 Managers of Cadbury always keep record of issues that arise in the organisations of
same industry and find their best possible solutions in advance to deal when required. They provides a good working environment to employees and motivate them towards
goals and objectives of the organisation.
Situation 2: New product launch: When company is going to launch new product in the market
the managers and leaders plays an vital role to make it a success (Joševski, Andert and Abel,
2018). Their roles and responsibilities are given below:
Role of managers
 Managers perform functions like to decide strategies for promotion, sales, packaging, etc.
for the product. Managers of Cadbury always prepare plan before to achieve the goals in a planned
manner.
Role of Leader
 Leaders ensure quality of products and prepare report for the same.
 They handle pre as well as post launch and communicate if any issue arises.
P3 Different theories and models of approaches
Situational Leadership: This Theory states that every leader reacts differently in different
situations (Das and et. al., 2018). There are various theories and models which are followed by
Cadbury. Some of the models are discussed below:
 The strategies of Cadbury are shared with employees to make them feel attached.
 Leaders of Cadbury tries to convey their ideas with their groups and invite theirs too to
complete the task in efficient manner.
 Authorities are delegated to employees which are required to complete a task in timely
manner. To take ideas and feedback from employees to motivate them.
System Leadership: Cadbury is a large organisation and guide their employees by taking real life
situations by providing solutions to deal with it. Leaders are responsible to provide training and
guidance in the organisation which are set earlier to take major decision-making in an

organisation. This theory is used to make understand the employees by providing them real life
situations.
Contingency Leadership: This theory states that leadership speculate that effectiveness of leader
is contingent. A person can be effective leader for one situation but ineffective leader for another
situation (Kumar and Yadav, 2018). In Cadbury there are several situations which they can
manage in efficient manner whereas in some it became difficult to be manage. If a leader handle
first situation in effective manner that does not mean they are prove to be effective for the
another situation.
Part 2
P4 Key approaches of operations management and role of managers and leaders
Part 2
P4 Key approaches of operations management and role of managers and leaders
Operation management has many approaches that make the process easy and efficient
(Pirouzi and et. al., 2017). It is the process in which company concerned with manufacturing,
production and provision of services. Their main objective is to convert raw material into
finished goods in an efficient manner. It is crucial stage in which organisation need to focus on
procedure and process of manufacturing products. Cadbury is the British multinational company
that manufactures confectionery products for satisfying the wants and desires of customers. They
manufacture various kinds of chocolates that need a particular efficient operation process so that
they produce best quality of products effectively. They focus on inventory limits, flow of
manufacturing process, quality of products, etc. So that's why organisation need to use key
approaches that make the operation management effectively and efficient. There are some key
approaches that are mentioned below:
Lean production
It is the method of production of goods and services in an efficient way. It established
from Toyota's 1930 operating model (Porumb and Serițan, 2019). It is very effective for
organisation that use by operation managers to make the process efficient so that they get bets
quality of goods within time period. It helps in reducing the waste that occurred in manufacturing
process. Cadbury is the second largest confectionery brand that need a good operation process so
that they can achieve their goals and objectives. Lean production is one of the method that

focuses on reducing waste and increase quality of products. Because this method assumed that
waste is increasing of cost. It gets more efficient when leader and manager play their role that
are mentioned below: Role of leaders: Lean leaders play an important role in lean production method of a
Cadbury as they enhance employees' value stream with the use of scarce resources. The
lean leaders make the process easier and efficient with the help of using different style of
leadership.
 Role of managers: Whereas managers gives direction to leaders and workers so that they
can coordinate very well. Mangers optimize the production process so that they can
ensure that all work are managed well (Sayed, Abo-Khalil and S Alghamdi, 2019). One
more role of managers in lean production is they defined the products and services so that
leaders and workers make products accordingly.
Total Quality Management
It is the most effective approach in which organisation need to improve the process,
culture, products and services in which they work. It involves each and every person of
organisation that they can improve the overall management. It is the process in which company
need to improve the overall quality of organisation operations and functions. In this method both
leaders and managers play a crucial role that can be understand in the following points: Role of leaders: In this method leaders focuses on employee motivation, conflict
resolution and problem solving so that they integrate an individual goals into common
goals (Zarei and et. al., 2019). Cadbury need to regular improvement so that they can
provide best quality of products to customers for satisfying their wants and desires. It is
analysed that quality of Cadbury chocolates and other products is best so that they can
achieve their target market.
 Role of managers: The main role of manager in Cadbury's TQM method is they act as a
facilitator in the workplace. Manager recruit and select the right person in the
manufacturing unit who are reliable and diligent to perform their duties and
responsibilities.
From the above discussion, it is analysed that key approaches of operation management
make the process efficient which helps in accomplishment of goals and objectives.

P5 Importance of operations management in achieving business objectives.
There are many benefits that organisation enjoys with the help of operation management
in their business (Zarei and et. al., 2019). That becomes the main reason that why organisation
need to apply efficient operation management in their workplace. The success and growth of
organisation depends on way of operation management perform by operation managers. It is
analysed that some of the key benefits are mentioned below:
Product quality: One of the key benefits that enjoy by Cadbury is they provide best
quality of confectionery products to customers. It becomes a main reason to increase the number
of customers. Organisation need to produce best quality of products so that they can enjoy
monopoly in market place.
Productivity: Another benefits from operation management process is to increase the
productivity of employees. Productivity is the important element that helps in attainment of
organisation goals and objectives (Zarei and et. al., 2019). Cadbury successfully run their
business in marketplace because of their employee efficiency and productivity. So that's why it
becomes very important for organisation that they should improve their operation through
operation management.
Customer satisfaction: Every organisation want that their customers get satisfied with
their products and services so that's why they focus on operation management. Cadbury provide
best quality of products with reasonable prices to customers with the help of using operation
management. They satisfied their customers’ needs and wants that help in making their business
successfully.
Reduced operating cost: Cadbury provides various type of chocolates and beverages
with affordable prices. Their price depends on size of their products. They provide chocolates
even in cheaper rates that become the main attraction point of organisation. Cadbury do this only
because of reduction in operating cost. They reduce their cost with the use of operation
management in business operations (Zarei and et. al., 2019).
Above are some benefits of operation management that shows their importance in
organisation. Because of these benefits organisation uses operation management in their business
structure. When organisation use operational management then it make the functions efficient so
that they can easily achieve their objectives and goals. Cadbury has a objective that they provide

best quality of products to consumers, they manufacture their products in their unit which needs
a efficient operation unit.
TASK 4
P6 Factors of business environment which impact on decision-making by managers & leaders
and operational management.
Business environment combines many factors that can be internal and external which
impact on organisations' operation management process. It is analysed that because of business
environment it directly impact on decision making process of mangers and leaders. Cadbury is
the multinational company so that's why their organisation get impacted by both factors of
business environment. It is also analysed that these factors effect on operational management that
directly or indirectly influence the decision making process of leaders and managers. Those
factors that affect operation management are mentioned below: Global competition: Competition is the major factors that affects operational
management. Cadbury is the large organisation that run their business in many countries.
They have many global competitors like Nestle, etc. Their success increase the
competition that affect their business operations (Zarei and et. al., 2019). It is identified
that many times competition leads to change the process of manufacturing goods and
services that directly influence the process of operational management. Expansion: Cadbury always try to become the leader of the global market so that's why
they always try to expand their business operations. Expansion leads to increase the
capacity of operation and manufacturing system of organisation. That's why operation
managers and leaders take decisions accordingly to adapt these changes. Business Ethics: It is the internal factor of business environment that affects
organisation's process. Cadbury has certain ethics such as they provide best quality of
products and services to customers, do not harm nature, etc. These ethics are necessary to
follow by organisation. Cadbury's managers and leaders are always try to make sure that
they fulfil their code of conducts so that they can provide best products to customers. It is
identified that organisation need to perform best operational management practice so that
they can fulfil their objectives.

 Legal Considerations: There are many legal conditions such as laws and regulations that
should be comply by organisation. It is analysed that Cadbury need to comply all legal
formalities such as they should comply the law i.e. Healthy and Safety Act, Employment
Act, etc. These are very necessary for organisation success and growth. Because
customers get attracted only because of these things (Zarei and et. al., 2019). Legal
consideration impacts on decision making process of managers and leaders because they
should make sure that every legal conditions are followed or not.
It is analysed that organisation get affects because of business environment factors.
Sometimes these are not controllable, in that situation organisation need to accept them. These
factors affect the decision making process of leaders and managers so that's why organisation
need to identify these factors.
CONCLUSION
It is concluded from the above discussion that organisation should use operational
management process that helps in achieving organisational goals in efficient way. It is very
important for organisation that they focus on each and every element that make the operations
easier and effective. In this report it covers role of leaders and managers in operational
management. In this context, it takes many example that help to analyse their roles and
responsibilities. It is suggested to the organisation that they should apply some theories and
models of leadership that make the process easier and helps to leaders to control and manage
thing in a better way. Organisation can use some approaches of operation management that helps
to perform duties effectively. Some important approaches are lean production, total quality
management, etc. It is also analysed that organisation operation management gives many benefits
to organisation that become the important reason to adapt it.

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