Leadership and Management in Industry: Roles, Situations, and Factors

This report delves into the core distinctions between leadership and management, outlining the roles and characteristics of each within an industrial context. It examines how leadership and management principles are applied in diverse situations, including labor turnover, technological changes, and sales declines, with examples from ASDA. The report further explores various leadership approaches, such as situational, system, and contingency leadership, along with task-oriented and relationship-oriented approaches. It also analyzes key approaches to operations management and the significance of operations management in achieving business objectives. Finally, it assesses the impact of business environment factors on operational management and the decision-making processes of leaders and managers. The report covers topics such as leadership styles, contingency theory, and transformational leadership and provides a comprehensive overview of management and operational strategies.

Understanding
management and
operation in
industry

Table of Contents
Introduction......................................................................................................................................3
LO1..................................................................................................................................................3
Compare the different roles and characteristics of a leader and a manager .........................3
LO2..................................................................................................................................................4
How the role of the leader and function of a manager apply in different situations.............4
Approaches including situational leadership, system leadership and contingency...............6
LO3..................................................................................................................................................7
Key approaches to operations management and the role that leaders and managers play....7
: Explain the importance and value of operation management in achieving business
objectives. ..............................................................................................................................9
LO4................................................................................................................................................10
Assess the factors within business environment that impact upon operational management
and decision-making by leaders and managers . .................................................................10
.............................................................................................................................................10
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................12
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................13

Introduction
Operations management is the administration of business practices to create the highest level of
efficiency possible within an organization. It is concerned with converting materials and labor
into goods and services as efficiently as possible to maximize the profit of an organization. This
report covers question such as Compare the different roles and characteristics of a leader and a
manager, How the role of the leader and function of a manager apply in different situations,
Approaches including situational leadership, system leadership and contingency, Key approaches
to operations management and the role that leaders and managers play, Explain the importance
and value of operation management in achieving business objectives, Assess the factors within
business environment that impact upon operational management and decision-making by leaders
and managers.
LO1
Compare the different roles and characteristics of a leader and a manager
Definition- Leadership is the art of motivating people or group so that the team of the company
can focus on working towards a goal which is common for all. Leadership involves directing
their workers and colleagues to show them a right path to success. They have to be the one in the
organization who inspires people and who employees look up to. It is only effective when a
leader brings new ideas and it must be communicated successfully. Otherwise it will be failed
whereas Manager is the one who have been assigned a part of the company. In some cases they
undertake a specific department and in some cases they look after the whole business. They
focus on functions which are primary to the organization. In some of the organization they have
the power to hire people and fire people. There are many types of managers company appoint
them according to their area of expertise.
Roles- Leader is the the one who have the power to lead their team in the organization. They
influence the behavior of their employees in many ways. As they set a vision and aim for the
organization which is very clear. They are also the ones who motivates their employees because
they want to excel them in their work as it is beneficial for both. They even guide their
employees by showing them the right direction through the process of their work and helps in

building the morale of the employees. On the other hand Manager has a role to play in the
organization such as organizing, planning, directing, staffing and controlling. These functions are
important to run an organization and maintain the smooth flow of business. So that the company
can achieve its objectives easily. Planning by the manager is the base for all activities. He or she
has to perform it before all so that they can analyze which factor they have to take next and does
improvisation is needed or it can be run as it was running before and without any changes. (Silva
and et.al., 2018)
Characteristics- For a leader to be successful most important thing for them is to be honest and
have integrity. For measuring their effectiveness and implementing and making changes a leader
has to be effective. If they are not sure about themselves and don't have faith in their decisions
then employees of the company will never follow them or look up to them. A good leader must
maintain the level of swag so that people feel different and positive from their aura.
Contingency leadership: this theory of leadership styles describes that with the right amount of
leadership, leaders must be matches the right style of leaders and managers of ASDA follow
contingent leaders as leadership is depends on the leaders style to right situation. Contingent
theory beliefs that styles can not be modified or changed or developed in the manager and leader.
This leadership styles follow the effectiveness of leadership is dependent on the matching the
leader's style in the right situation. ASDA beliefs that there is no best way to depend upon the
internal and external situation where leaders and managers must choose their own way and style
to do the needful at the time of the right situation . There are three factors in the contingency
theory which are as follows:
Leaders-member relation- ASDA beliefs that leader and member relation is important to follow
the task and achieve the objective. If the subordinates have there trust and confidence on the
leaders and managers of their respective team so they will feel motivated and inspired and they
will work effectively and efficiently. (Liu, Pennington-Gray and Krieger, 2016)
Task structure – there progressed can be easily tracked when they follow the exact structure of
task decided by the leaders and these leaders make the task structure to achieve the objective.
Positional power- the leaders and mangers has to change and managed the authority to influence
the productivity of the followers or the employees and here leaders can also punish them if they
did wrong and also reward them for there good work. The power of the positional power of the
employees or subordinates can be weak sometimes so they do not directly report to the leaders

Transformational leadership- It is a leadership style in which leaders encourage, inspire and
motivate employees to innovate and create change that will help grow and shape the future
success of the company. Leader has to focus only on responsibilities in the key areas if they take
the burden of putting focus on every aspect then they will disturb the smooth flow of business. It
is important for them to delegate the work and put the focus on every aspect on a micro level.
(Ruohomaa, Kantola and Salminen, 2017)
Planning- This function is related to planning for the future aspects, in this leaders can plan
about the consequences which can be raised in future. On the other hand, Manager is the one
who knows when to take command and be the one to guide others and provide them with
direction. Whoever is the manager of the organization accepts the criticism, and always answer
to their actions whether they have made the right decision or wrong.
Organizing- In this leaders of ASDA are involving in organizing and managing the human
resource. They make sure that there is adequate labor supply available at the relevant time.
Controlling- In this managers and leaders of ASDA must engage in controlling the amount of
resources which are being used. They must involve in minimizing the cost and minimizing the
waste products.
Directing- In this leaders and managers directs the employees what needs to be done and what
not.
Management by objectives- In this managers make employees clear about the goals and
objectives which they want to achieve. For managers it is important to take a decision which is
best and suitable for the organization and they have to take the step on time. If they waste the
time too much on thinking then they will lose the opportunity which will result in loss for the
company and the sole reputation of the manager. (White, 2016) Manager must maintain the
decorum of organization. Their job is to understand the employees, know how do they think,
what are their interests so it will be easy for them to train them and achieve the goals for the
organization.
LO2
How the role of the leader and function of a manager apply in different situations

Labour Turnover-
Managers and Leaders of the company has done a large sum of contribution to open new levels
for ASDA and reach in new places. Leaders of the company has influenced their employees so
that they can only focus on the task allotted by the company and nothing else. On the other hand
managers of the company motivates the employees of the company in order to make them
complete their work more efficiently. The employees of ASDA has started to feel uncomfortable
in their work environment and are facing many problems in the company. Even the managers
have not been able to resolve their issues which is making them more and more frustrated and
that in result is demotivating them which is affecting their work and making it difficult for the
company to achieve the goals and objectives. Leaders of ASDA are also not providing any help
they are making the employees leave if they don't like the pattern of their working or if they are
engaging in any conflict with the management of top level. Leaders of the company has lost their
focus they are even not bothered to delegate the work among the team in ASDA which is making
the company suffer from external factors. (WANG, 2016)
Technological Changes-
Changes which are concerned with technology ASDA needs to keep up with them as they are
leading against their competitors. Technology gets obsolete in a very less amount of time and it
needs a constant change. Operating on a large level the company needs to cope up with the
change. So that their employees use the technology which is new and advanced and makes the
work easier. It will also help the leaders and managers of ASDA as when they are not available
the new software will take their place and assign the work and keep a check on employees which
will help in increasing the accuracy of the work and efficiency of employees. Managers use the
technology when they are busy and they have to attend the meeting they do it with the help of
videoconferencing as going to the place takes a lot of time which is not possible every time.
Employees of the company are provided with work from home facility and they send their files
with the help of mails which is an easy and cost efficient method. ASDA has made it mandatory
to use the technological aspects when they are making the flow of work smoother. Managers
have the company has started taking feedback from the customers with the help of this technique.
By doing that they can know the taste and preferences of the customers. Leaders have also begun
to accept this change and train the team to be better. (Nur, Yanuar and Deni, 2018)
Sales Decline-

Leaders of ASDA was not able to develop their weakness into strength and that will make the
leader inefficient and unconfident in the eyes of the employees. Managers of ASDA are fully
aware of the factors and have full knowledge about everything related to the company such as
mission, vision and objectives of the organization. Managers are aware of every product in which
the company is dealing. If they are not aware of that then they won't be able to promote the right
product to the right place which will decrease the awareness of the products offered by the
company to the customers and that will result in reduction of sales. Managers of ASDA also
have a responsibility to convince their clients in a positive way. (Schulze and et.al., 2016)
Approaches including situational leadership, system leadership and contingency.
Task or Relationship oriented approaches- In the task oriented approach employees of ASDA
will be engage in fulfilling the task which has been given to them. Managers will give them
training on about how the objectives can be achieved and goals can be fulfilled. Relationship
oriented approaches is where leaders and managers of ASDA are being involve in motivating
employees by rewarding them and boosting their morale by this.
Chaos theory- In this theory managers and leaders of ASDA are involving in adapting to
changing environment. They try to motivate employees to bring out new ideas so that new
techniques, creative and innovative ideas can be brought out.
Situational leadership- the situational leadership is the leadership is a repeatable framework is
set for the manager and leaders of ASDA in this leadership style the leaders and managers must
adjust with the situation when there is situation which is not according to the plan then they have
to fit in the situation where they have to take decisions according to the situation not according to
the plan. It is up to the leader and managers to change their leadership and decision-making and
then their follower won't follow there leadership styles. ASDA sometimes follow this leadership
style where their leader and managers has to left his or her decision and follow the situation and
make decision according to the situational leadership. (Martín-Montes, Burbano and León, 2017)
.
System leadership- it refers to that styles of leadership where everything is set and everyone can
work systematically enables the leaders in an organization to create the conditions where
employees and workers productively to their potential. The systematic term of leadership

consider managers first and foremost, part of a complex system, which keeps on change. In the
systematic approach here the working and task is been assigned and followed with in the system
provides leaders with tools that help to predict people’s behaviour in their organization. It also
helps to build effective systems which drive productive behaviour and lead to a more effective
realization of the organization's purpose. The main purpose of the system which is used as a
leadership style in the ASDA for the better working in the organization and effective workforce.
LO3
Key approaches to operations management and the role that leaders and managers play
Capacity management- Capacity management refers to the act of ensuring a business maximizes
its potential activities and production output—at all times, under all conditions. The capacity of a
business measures how much companies can achieve, produce, or sell within a given time
period.
Just in Time-
This method is also known as Just in Time production and it was introduced by the company
Toyota. This method helps the company to reduce the time in the process of production with
reducing the time of response which is taken by customers and suppliers. ASDA follows the
method of Just in Time. So that ASDA can increase their production by reducing the time of the
process of production with keeping the focus on reducing the time with their distributors,
suppliers and customers so that they can save some time and put their focus on different aspects
where improvement is needed. The problem with this method is not every supplier has the power
to supply goods on a short notice. Sometimes suppliers are affected by disasters which are
natural or manmade both leads to disturb the flow of goods and services and this affect the
production process of the company. The reason behind this is that when flow of goods get
affected manufacturers won't achieve the level of production the have to maintain as they have
less raw materials to work with. (Wong, French and Wickham, 2017)
Role of leadership in Just in Time-
Developing the skills of individuals and leaders-
Leaders of ASDA put their money in the R&D department which help them to know the forces
of the market which can affect them. Leaders of the company also need to develop their skills so
that they can easily tackle any hurdle coming in the process of production.

Facilitating problems instead of solving them-
Leaders of the company are fully aware of the fact that how to, when to and where do the need to
handle if the situation of demand and supply arises. (Krstić, Kahrović and Stanišić, 2015)
KAIZEN-
This theory is helping the company to improve their functions and processes such as logistics,
healthcare, banking, government etc all of these factors and more continuously. The meaning of
the word is also improvement it is a Sino Japanese word. Every protocol is followed by the
leaders of ASDA in order to eliminate waste. Company follows the cycle of PDCA and then take
the step of rectifying the errors. (Matthew, 2017)
Role of Leadership in KAIZEN-
Leaders of the company provides their team with direction and they identify the problem and
guide them so that they can work on improving the aspect where they are lacking. This helps the
company to work in a sustainable way bu eliminating the waste which are the unnecessary things
which increases the cost of the product and reduces the profit of the company. ASDA's success is
only because of their leaders. In a way their guidance is the reason of success of the company.
Every area which is concerned with the room for improvement as different area will demand a
different role and expertise of the leader. Leaders at ASDA also facilitates their employees by
discussing their issue and helps them to solve them so they can improve the portfolio of the
work. Leaders identify the opportunities and judge the scope according to the external factors so
that they can take the risk of taking a step which will be beneficial for the organization. They
assign the work and set the protocol to work for employees in a team so that work can be
distributed and completed easily before the deadline. Leaders of the company know the
difference between failure and success of the opportunity that is why it makes them right and
successful.
Total Quality Management-
This aspect helps in focusing on maintaining the quality of the product so that company does not
loose their customers. It helps the company to achieve the prospect of long term growth.
Role of Leadership in Total Quality Management-

The process of Total Quality Management helps in addressing the concerns which includes
customers and takes issues such as improving on continuous basis in the quality of products and
services. Only because ASDA has leadership which is strong and are ahead of their competitors.
They are using the model of total quality management successfully which is helping them to
retain their customers for a long time. Along with this the company has set up certain values and
ethics which are morale of the company. They are the rules and guidelines of the company which
needs to be follow in order to complete the task efficiently. (Hooi and et.al., 2018.)
: Explain the importance and value of operation management in achieving business objectives.
Total Quality Management of ASDA-
ASDA is one of the largest supermarket chains in the world. The reason behind that is they
continuously open the room for improvement and cope up with recent trends. They have
managed their quality according to the standard and have never compromised with it. The
management of quality is mostly concerned with the internal department of the company.
Leaders and managers of the company needs to keep an eye on these type of aspects so that their
quality does not get affected. The manager of the company must understand the importance of
quality. That is how they can address to these issues by making this importance understand to
employees with assuring the clients that they won't face any problems related to quality. On the
other hand leaders of ASDA has to play a different role and that is they need to collect feedback
from their customers on regular basis so that they can know the area where customer is not
satisfied with them. The feedback will also help the department to know if there is requirement
to make changes in the process.
Six Sigma-
With the help of this method or approach ASDA gets to know their capability of service
and process which helps them to improve it on a continuous basis. Companies such as ASDA
who operates on a large scale uses the model of Six Sigma so that they can make the style of
business effective. This model is wholly dependent on the data which is accurate. To achieve
their objectives and reach more markets in the retail or supermarket industry improvement is
needed in ASDA continuously. The company has assigned their managers to focus on optimal
uses of resources and minimizing the waste of resources which will help the company to
maintain and increase the flow of business smoothly. Leaders influence the team and motivates

them so that they can work towards a common goal and work in an efficient manner. By
providing them with the feeling of comfort at work place and satisfying them for the job as it will
help the leaders as well as the company to achieve success and attain their goals (ASDA Stores,
2017).
Lean Manufacturing-
This aspect is concerned with solving the problem related with products and services by
minimizing that waste which is the reason behind the problem. Manager of ASDA needs to
reduce the waste in an effective way so that it will help them to increase the speed of production
and the level of production. To minimize the waste, manager needs to make sure that managers
of the company needs to utilize the resources optimally so that it will help in reduction of waste.
Role of the manager of ASDA must be that they have to look into the activities which will help
in the process of reduction of waste. For instance ASDA open a new store and to save their
resources and minimize the waste, so they have to cut up on electricity which will reduce the
waste another way is to check that they need to cut on products which are less preferred by the
customers and increase the stock of products which are preferred more by the customers. (Daft
and Marcic, 2016.)
LO4
Assess the factors within business environment that impact upon operational management and
decision-making by leaders and managers .
Culture
This aspect helps others to see the culture, beliefs and values of the organization. It also helps
to know how the employees behave in the organization. It helps the company to maintain the
image in the outer world as it reflects the behaviour of the organization. Leaders of ASDA needs
to set their vision so that they can make new strategies and set their targets on new goals. In any
organization culture reflects the attitude and behaviour of the organization. Leaders of the
company has to work with and follow the morale of the company so that they can motivate their
employees and appreciate them. Leaders of ASDA have to assign responsibilities to everyone
who is capable of doing it and set the rules for the organization. To motivate their employees and
make them feel important leaders of the company share their next plan, mission and vision of the

organization and in order to motivate them so that they can work together as a team. By taking
this step they are also gaining the trust of employees so that they can make the vibes in the office
positive. Manager must set his approach and take decisions which are result oriented that will
help the company to achieve growth and implement the rule for learning and improving
continuously. (Burtonshaw-Gunn, 2017)
Ethics-
This aspect is related with the difference between right and wrong. Employees completing the
work in a right manner and without any cheat and follows the beliefs, morale and values of the
company. On the other hand ethics of ASDA will show the market that how they treat the forces
which affect the firm internally and externally. It also helps in knowing that in what way and
what manner company treat their employees. ASDA is known for this aspect in the market as
their managers and workforce all maintains and work with ethics and they have loyalty in the
minds of the customers which has helped the company to maintain the revenues of the company.
By working with following ethics and not breaking any rules ASDA maintains a healthy work
environment in the company. The leaders of the company has always taken decisions by right
method so that they never have to face situation which consists of issues such as biasness.
Managers of ASDA are very strict on this issues they follow every protocol to maintain their
image and standard. In a situation where the way of some people of working is different then
managers of the company have to train them to follow these ethics. (Bouchon, Hussain and
Konar, 2017)
Values-
The vision, cultures, principles and ethics of the company is needed to be followed in
order to encourage and inspire the employees to implement them in their work. To build a
positive environment in the workplace ASDA has maintained the values which are clear and true
and if not followed what will be the outcome of that situation will be. Managers of ASDA faces
this problem in some situations as the company has made strict policies for the ones who break
the values at the time of taking decision. Leaders of ASDA also needs to maintain their standards

just like their managers and employees have. Then only the work environment of the company
will be positive. (Garcia-Perez, Thurlbeck and 2017)
CSR-
This acronym stands for Corporate social responsibility. This concept states that the companiy
has to work something or take measures to prevent the environment and the social factors of the
society. Managers of ASDA have understand that which of their work is harming the
environment and ruining the society. That helps the company to know where to improve their
measures which will help the environment and society. (Achyldurdyyeva and et.al., 2019)
CONCLUSION
From the above studies it has been concluded that ASDA follows ethics and morales in their
code of conduct and they are known in the market for that. They are one of the largest
supermarket chain in the world. They are focusing on minimizing the waste and increasing the
level of profit. Company is using approaches such as KAIZEN and Just in Time so that they can
improve continuously and decrease the time with the suppliers and focus on clients. They are
focusing on the aspects such as decreasing the time of production so that they can speed up the
process. The most important aspect is they are trying to reduce the excess of waste which is
again going to help them increase the level of revenue of the organization.

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Online

ASDA Stores. 2017. [ONLINE] Available through : <http://www.asda.com/>