Leadership and Management Strategies in M&S Limited - Unit 4 Report

This report provides an in-depth analysis of management and operations within M&S Limited, a major British retail company. It examines the distinct roles of managers and leaders, emphasizing their importance in achieving business goals and objectives. The report explores the responsibilities of managers in planning, evaluating performance, and making strategic decisions, while also highlighting the leader's role in team building, motivation, and implementing policies. It delves into the characteristics of effective managers and leaders, including their ability to ensure product distribution, foster employee development, generate innovative ideas, and satisfy stakeholders. The report further analyzes the application of various leadership theories, such as situational, behavioral, and contingency theories, in the context of M&S Limited. Additionally, it discusses key approaches to operations management, including Total Quality Management (TQM), and how these strategies contribute to enhancing product quality, customer satisfaction, and overall business performance. The report concludes by emphasizing the significance of adapting to the business environment and the factors influencing operational decision-making.

UNIT 4. MANAGEMENT AND OPERATIONS

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................................................3
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................3
P.1 Different roles of manager and leader in the context of M&S limited.................................3
P.2 analysis of the role and manager in different scenarios .......................................................4
P.3 different theories and models of approach...........................................................................6
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................7
P.4 Key approaches to operation management and the role of manager ...................................7
P.5 the importance and value of operations management in achieving business objectives.....8
P.6 the factors within the business environment that impact upon operational management and
decision-making by leaders and managers .................................................................................9
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................10
REFERENCES .............................................................................................................................12

INTRODUCTION
Management and operations are important for any business organization. It enables an
organisation to work efficiently and with effectively also. It enables the system of company to
achieve the business goals and objectives of the company. The present report has been based on
the M&S limited, which is the British company and one of the largest clothing company across
the world. In this aspect, role of leaders and managers have been discussed and the key
approaches to enable them work in the cited company (Akkerman, Farahani and Grunow, 2010).
Different traits and theories of leadership has also been discussed for the effective
implementation of the management theories. In addition to this, the study has been done to
identify the evaluation of various leadership skills and styles including management system in
developing strategies. In this significance of manager and leader has been discussed. Through
this report, it will be analysed that management is important for the betterment of the company.

TASK 1
P.1 Different roles of manager and leader in the context of M&S limited
Manager and leader are considered as the important part of any organisation. HP food
limited. These are responsible for the management of the operations of the company. The
company namely, M&S limited gains effectiveness and increases its product value in market by
obtaining useful coordination of leader and manager for improving the service quality of the
organization. Manager of M & S limited prepare plans and evaluate performance of the company
(Alderton and Saieva, 2013). On the other hand, Leader takes challenges and accomplishes
targets to meet objectives by building team as well as encouraging members of group for
valuable coordination in qualitative services of entity. Both leader and manager have different
roles in the organization that are as:
Manager Leader
 Maintains transaction of goods and
services.
 Managers evaluates and plans for
recovering issues occurs at workplace.
 Manager focuses on concentrates on the
system and structure of the organization
of the M&s limited.
 Leader develops action plan for the
implementation of the policies that the
manager proposes for achieving goals
of company.
 Leader set targets and build team spirit
and motivate them.
 Leader focuses on people oriented
strategies for the implementation of
business and their job performances.
So, it has been analysed that managers and leaders have their own different roles and
duties to play in M&S limited. Manager of the company instructs and directs regarding the
production of the production of the clothes, home products and luxury food products (Barratt,
Choi and Li, 2011). While on the other hand, Leader of M&S are responsible for the
implementation of the policies which are laid down by the manager of the company for the
increasing its production of the clothes and home products of the company. Hence, it has been
analysed that manager and leader are the effective role player in company. Manager of the

company have responsibilities regarding strategic planning, formulation along with the
evaluation of the action plans. In this process, manager makes decision regarding entity's
business activities and leader builds the team management for obtaining improvements in
business activities.
Characteristics of leader and manager in meeting the objectives of organization:
Manager and leader are very important to the company namely M&S limited. They are
essential to the increased efficiency of the production of its clothes and home products. The
following are the characteristics of the leader and manager in the company:
 They are responsible for the effective product distribution and services of the company
through which company can become the leading producer of the clothes and home
products across the world.
 Role of manager is also extended up to the personal and professional development of the
employees so that they can get more positive results.
 Manager are the responsible key personnel in the company, which generates new ideas
regarding new latest fashion in clothes and innovation in them to attract customers.
 Also the managers and leaders plays an effective role to satisfy its key stake holders
(Chiarini and Vagnoni, 2015).

P.2 analysis of the role and manager in different scenarios
As analysed, manager is responsible for managing the entire business process of the
company. The manager of the company namely, M&S focuses on to have a proper knowledge
about each operation so that manager can be able to perform for the betterment of its company.
On the other hand, leader is responsible for the proper team planning and development so that
employees can contribute to the overall success of the company. The role of leader and manager
vary per the different situational contexts. Leader and manager of M&S limited also applies
different tools and methods that improve the quality of services (Ergun and et. al., 2010). Role
of manager and leader are expressed as: Analysing market research: it is the term which means that the company should
regularly check on the market about what is in the trend. The manager must analyse the
fashion trends and changes in the taste and preferences of its respective customers so that
the cited company can implement those in its production of the clothes and also the home
products which can attract tits customers. in this process manager evaluates market
position of products by analysing information that are collected from the market. On the
other hand, leader accepts the challenges and motivate its employees to generate ideas
that lead to the successful achievement of objectives. Leader also establishes the link
between managers and employees so that they can perform accordingly to the strategies
of the manager. To maintain a balance between demand and supply of products and services: manager
and leader handles to maintain the effective balance between demand and supply of the
products and services of M&S limited. In this the manager ensures that the proper
production of goods and services has been done so that supply can be maintained
effectively (Galindo and Batta, 2013). For example, manager and leader must analyse
about the positioning of their market which enable them to regulate proper and
continuous supply of clothes and luxury home and food products. Also, the leader
motivates the employees to produce more goods so that efficiency of the company can be
maintained.
 Customer satisfaction and establishing relationship with buyers: M&S limited aim to
provide its customers full satisfaction regarding its goods and services. For this purpose,

Manager and leader get feedback and suggestions regarding their product through,
questionnaire and online feedback form. The company the, recognises the suggestions
regarding any of their products and implement the changes so that its respective
customers can be satisfied. Leader aim to provide motivation top its employees regarding
good customer interaction at their retail outlet store, so that it can build good image in the
minds of people. Good and interactive relationship should be maintained with the
customers.
 Resolving of issues: manager of M&S aims to resolve any kind of issues happened in the
work place of the company. The way in which manager manages the risks and issues, it
measures the effectiveness of the M&S limited. Manager has to assess the reasons of
issues that arise in the company (Jacobs, Chase and Chase, 2010). The leader must
ensure that no employee should have any conflict with another and motivate them to
build team spirit.

P.3 different theories and models of approach
Theories and approaches are formed for the effective implementation of the managerial
and leadership actions. The aim of the M&S limited is to maintain its good will in the market and
to achieve its set objectives and goals. There are different theories by which leader can be
classified. This helps in the achievement of objectives more efficiently. Different theories and
approaches in the context of M&S limited are as follows:
Situational theory: it is the theory which has been developed in the sense that there is no
single best style of leadership. It means that there is no style of leadership which any leader is
required to adapt. It implies that effective leading is the task relevant. Also, leader should adapt
different styles per the people as well as the task, job or function that is required to be
accomplished. Situational theory is based on the amount of guidance and direction given by the
leader and the amount of socio- emotional support a leader provides. In this theory, the leader
establishes a relationship between the employees and the company. In this leader guides and
motivates the employees per the situation, which increases their efficiency. It is also known as
the task oriented theory in which leader adapts its leading style according to the difference in the
situations (Krajewski, Ritzman and Malhotra, 2013).
Behavioural theory: this theory of the leadership implies the behaviour of the leader is a
main factor. This theory mainly focuses on the analysis of the behaviour of leader in the
company to achieve the targets and objectives. Behavioural theory is based on the concept that
leaders are born. Not made. This theory executes a concept that leadership can be made more
effective by concentrating on the actions of leader. In this aspect, the behaviour of a leader in
M&S is recognised by the attitude and perception towards team. It has also been assessed that if
the behaviour of a leader is a deciding factor because if the leader is the behaving in positive
manner the results will be positive and vice versa. In addition, understanding tools are presented
to analyse the causes of changes and participation.
Contingency theory: under this theory, it suggests the most appropriate style of
management. It is beneficial for an organization because in this leader learns different lessons
from different situations and apply in their leadership skills. They have the potential of learning
from specific situations and it influences future management of the same or similar situations.
This theory enables the management and leaders of M&S limited to develop their skills in
multiple areas (Sheu, 2010).

TASK 2
P.4 Key approaches to operation management and the role of manager
Operation management is the field of management where the focus of management is to
redesign the process of producing goods or redesign the operation of producing the good and
services to enhance the performance of the company by optimum utilisation of resources. Marks
and Spencer is a British retailing giant which has a focus on verticals such as clothing, home
products and luxury food items. Marks and Spencer majorly focus on quality of its product and
they also do provide various offers to its customers so that it can create new customer and
engage their existing customer-base.
Key approaches of operations management related to the given firm is as follows:
Total Quality management- This approach is extensively used by the Marks and Spencer
team to improve the quality of the product and provide the best quality to the customer at
the best price and provide after sales service to the customer to keep the existing
customer engaging. Total quality management also enable an organization to maintain
the effectiveness in their organization. It means that it enables the employees and
organization to accomplish all the tasks on time. It has also been managed by the
managers so that effective and best quality services can be provided to its respective
customers.
Role of manager in TQM: -
1. As M&S Ltd. is a customer facing organisation. The manager of M&S Ltd. plays an important
role in the TQM as it the responsibility of the manager to hire right/quality employees so that the
workforce can increase the performance of the organisation (Ward and et. al., 2010).
2. The manager of M&S Ltd. Should ensure that the quality of all its product should be
maintained as required by the customers and per its brand image.
3. The manager should also ensure continuous improvement of the products

Just in time approach- This approach is also adopted by M&S Ltd. In this approach the
company focuses on increasing the efficiency and decreasing the inventory cost. As there is risk
of having dead stock if organisation starts piling up its stock. Also, through this approach the
cited company can maintain the effectiveness of their stock and products. In this approach the
manager and leader wants to deliver the gods and services at time so that its customers can nt be
feel dissatisfied with their products and services. The manager of the M&S ltd aim to adapt this
theory as it affects the company in a positive manner.
Role of Manager in Just in time approach: -
1. The manager should ensure that the production run of the product should remain less. There
should be changes made to the current line of product on equal intervals.
2. Clothing is the main the industry in which M&S Ltd. focuses on. The manager of the
company should ensure that the product should be as per the current market trends (Subramanian
and Ramanathan, 2012).
Continuous Improvement- The image of Marks and Spencer is of providing quality product at
reasonable price. M&S Limited. should focus on incremental improvement which will therefore
increase the overall performance of the organisation. This strategy is important to stay in the
competitive environment of business. The continuous improvement theory aim to signify the
aims and objectives of the company by continuing the development of its operations. In this
approach it has been explained that the managers and leaders of the company should adopt
effective techniques which enable continuous development of their operations.
Role of Manager in Just in time approach: -
1. The manager should focus on the strategies so that manufacturing of the goods is timely
monitored and which will increase the efficiency of the organisation.
2.The manager of M&S Ltd. Should focus on small changes that is those changes which do
require huge capital investment.

P.5 the importance and value of operations management in achieving business objectives
Operation management is the most important tool of the organization. It is responsible for
the proper management of all the operations and working in the company. It delivers on the
quality distribution of the goods and services of the company. If the operational management of
the company is good and efficient it will result in the better results and performance of the
company which also forms good will in the minds of the consumers (Talk, 2016).
Operation management gives rise to the manager and leader in the organization. The
operation manager is held responsible for processing operational activities in M&S limited. In
M&S limited, operations management has its own significance. It helps the cited company in
achieving its objectives. The operation management helps the company in regulating its
production and related process so that company can render its goods and services on time, to its
customers.

It also increases the effectiveness and profitability in an organization. It can also be said
that no business organization can achieve success without operation management. In the
context of M&S limited, it enables the management of company to use its resources
appropriately and promptly to create new clothing products like crop top and rugged jeans that
fulfils the demand in market. By using this approach. The management also focuses on to deal
with distribution of its goods and services in an efficient manner to maintain speed, cost, quality
and flexibility of the product and services.
It also enables the management of the cited company to establish good and healthy
relationships with the suppliers of raw materials and to ensure to have timely distribution of
goods and services (Slack, Chambers and Johnston, 2010). The company needs to have proper
operational management because it also helps the company to design, operation and
improvement of the system of M&S limited company so that it can create and deliver the
products and services like clothes for men and women and home products. M&S uses the
operations and management to ensure and sustain the efficiency and effectiveness of the
company (Understanding operations management. 2017).
In addition to it, efficiency in the M&S limited is concerned with the way in which the
management uses its resources like human expertise and inputs are put in use irrespective of the
purpose for which they were developed in the company. Also, by ensuring the proper operations
management in the company namely M&S limited, the managers and leaders can also ensure to
minimise the wastages in its factory, increases the productivity and time also the manages the
resources of company to make sure that cost of production is low.
At the store of M&S limited, the company is desirous of ensuring that the warehouse is
kept properly customers are well treated and delivering the product to the customers without no
issues so that shifting cost is low. This can be also possible by the effective and accurate
management of the operational management. Delivering good services to its customers can also
lead to customer satisfaction which accomplishes the goal of M&S limited (Ward and et. al.,
2010).