Icon College Unit 4 Management and Operations Report - Semester 1

This report provides a comprehensive analysis of management and operations, focusing on the roles of leaders and managers within an organizational context, specifically using Tesco as a case study. It begins by comparing the roles of leaders and managers, highlighting their differing orientations, responsibilities, and approaches to conflict and trust. The report then delves into the functions of management, including planning, organizing, staffing, directing, and controlling. Furthermore, it explores various leadership theories and models, such as situational leadership and system theory, emphasizing their application in real-world scenarios. The report also examines key approaches to operations management, its importance in achieving organizational goals, and the impact of the business environment on decision-making. Overall, the report offers valuable insights into effective leadership, management practices, and operational strategies for business success.

Management and operations

Table of Contents
Introduction......................................................................................................................................3
LO1..................................................................................................................................................4
P1 Compare different role of a leader and manager. .................................................................4
LO2 .................................................................................................................................................6
P2 Role of a leader and function of manager .............................................................................6
P3 Different theories and models of leadership .........................................................................8
LO3................................................................................................................................................10
P4 Key approaches to operations management. .......................................................................10
P5 Importance of operations management................................................................................12
LO4................................................................................................................................................13
P6 Factors of business environment effects operation management and decision making .....13
Conclusion ....................................................................................................................................14
References .....................................................................................................................................15

Introduction
Management means a manager of a business or a company who needs to control all the
working of organization and manage all employees in an efficient way that helps them to achieve
goals of organization. Management department of business is responsible to prepare strategies
for their business. They helps to motivate employees and make them work effectively towards
achievement of organizational goals. Helps to bring coordination in an organization and make
employees to work in an team that helps them to achieve objectives and goals of business.
Effective use of funds to save money and increase profitability of a business. Operation
department of business work to analyse the production of goods and services in an organization.
They make sure that business operates in an efficient manner and all the employees are working
effectively towards a common goal. Operation management helps to develop plan to meet
customer requirements. Report shows the comparison between leader and manager and their role
in development of Tesco. Different types of theories and models are used by leaders in this
report. Key functions of operation management is development of an organization. Importance of
operation managers in achieving goals and objectives of business. Impact of business
environment on decision making of leaders and managers.
LO1
P1 Compare different role of a leader and manager.
Leader
Leader is a person who helps organizations to develop at a large scale and have abilities
to cope up with new technologies. Leader helps organizations to manage human work force at
work place. Leader helps to motivate employees so that they are able to work effectively to
achieve organizational goals(Kaplan and Atkinson, 2015.) . They built effective communication
between employees that helps companies for smooth working of their organization. Set goals that
employees needs to achieve in an organization and develop an organization at a large scale. Give
opportunities and try to bring innovation and creativity in their employees. Leaders works to
build relation and develop an effective team for achievement of organizational goals. For
example one of employee of Tesco are not effective towards overall working of organization and
would not able to increase profitability of organization leader motivate them towards
achievement of their own goals to motivate them.

Manager
Manager is a person who controls workforce and guides their employees to work
effectively in an organization. Manager comes with a skills to develop effective use of resources
and employees who have abilities to develop business. Manager needs to have ability to identify
effective employees that helps them to achieve organizational goals. Managers needs knowledge
to manage employees in an organization. Success of company depends on their effective
managers and managers effectiveness depends on their abilities to manage time that helps them
to achieve goals and objectives on time. Managers needs confidence to take decisions and
motivate their employees. Managers needs to respect their employees and praise their efforts that
helps them to achieve organizational goals. Managers try to influence their employees by
building confidence and respecting their efforts.
Basis Leader Manager
Orientation Leader is vision oriented they
try to motivate and develop
employees for future
development of organization.
Leaders work effectively today
to develop future for a
business at a large scale. To
become successful in a long
run leaders required for each
and and every organization.
Managers are process oriented
they try to analyze the process
that how organization is able
to achieve their goals and
objectives effectively.
Managers work effectively
towards the achievement of
objectives of an organization.
Protection Leaders protect the interest of
their staff like fair
remuneration, status and
respect to the employees are
given to develop their business
at a large scale.
Managers try to protect
himself they want to their
employees to complete work
on time so that people and
superior praise efforts of an
manager.
Staff Leaders comes with special
features they work for the
Managers thinks about his own
career and grab opportunities

employees in an organization
and helps them to achieve their
goals and objectives in an
organization and motivate
them to develop their personal
goals for their growth work to
achieve those goals.
that helps them achieve at
large scale. Managers
influence employees to work
effectively that helps them to
achieve their personal goals
and appreciation.
Conflict Leaders try to find a way to
manage conflicts in their
organization and leaders try
solve problems between their
employees in a positive way so
that they are able to work
effectively(Rothaermel, 2017.)
. Leaders try to make an
environment so that employees
work effectively without any
conflict in an organization.
Managers tries to avoid
conflicts they don't want to be
a part of employees conflict
and tries to develop their
business at a large scale.
Trust Leaders trust their employees
and provide them opportunities
for their development and
establishment of their business
at a large scale. Provide them
opportunities to take decisions
that helps organization to
achieve their goals and
objectives.
Managers are not ready to trust
easily to their employees they
take time to analyze and giving
opportunities to their
employees.
Listen actively Leaders always listen actively
and understand the situation of
their employees that helps
Managers listens to superiors
or only some of important
people in an organization.

them to achieve their goals and
objectives. Understand the
problems of each and every
one an take a part in meetings
of their employees.
They are less interested to
interact with their employees
to know problems.
People Leaders work effectively for
the development of an
organization. They consider all
employees as a family and try
influence them to achieve their
personal goals.
Manager work for people to
achieve the goals and
objectives of organization on
time and try to give them
opportunity to complete
important task.
Critical analysis
In this report organization wants to develop and improve effectiveness of their products
and services. Leader and manager both are most important person to increase and to develop
overall organization growth. Leader help to develop smooth working on time. And manager help
to maintain overall working of organization.
LO2
P2 Role of a leader and function of manager
Leader and manager is one of the most important factors for development of business in
an organization and company needs to hire effective leaders that helps them to achieve goals and
objectives of business(Hambrick, 2015.) . Tesco needs effective leaders and managers that have
ability to increase profitability of their organization.
Role of a leader
Required at all level
Leadership is a never ending process Tesco needs it at all levels of their organization.
Leadership helps Tesco to get policies and plans from top management and communicate that
plans and policies with their employees that helps to achieve goals and objectives on time with
effectiveness.

Representative of organization
Effectiveness of organization is largely depends on their leaders. Leader plays an
important role in communicating with their employees to achieve the goals of an organization.
Leader represents his own department for development of their organization.
Integrates personal goals with organizational goals
Leader needs to be smart and innovative and have abilities to engage large number of
people with the working of an organization. Leaders needs to motivate their employees to
achieve their personal goals and match them with organizational goals.
He solicits support
Leaders in Tesco needs to provide support to their employees and subordinates. They try
to bring cooperation in an organization so that employees are able to develop themselves.
Leaders motivates employees to bring out their innovation and invite their suggestions for
development of organization.
As a friend, philosopher and guide
Leaders in Tesco needs to built an friendly relation with their employees so that they are
able to work effectively in an organization. Developing relations helps them to achieve their
goals and objectives guiding employees develop an positive image for employees in an
organization.
Inspire trust
Tesco needs to higher employees who have abilities to develop and have an effective
character and qualities that helps him to gain trust of their employees. Leaders work effectively
and motivate their employees which makes them to trust.
Functions of manager
Planning
Managers of Tesco needs to prepare plan for development of their business. Planning is
one of the most important and first function of manage(Laudon and Laudon, 2016.) . Tesco
needs to know what they want to achieve and develop plan according to that. They needs to plan
by analysing their vision, mission and objectives that they want to achieve.
Organizing
After planning managers of Tesco needs to analyse the resources and employees required
for completion of task. Manager needs to know the money required for development of their

business. Tesco needs to know the skills and abilities of each and every individual working in a
team so that they are able to develop plan according to those skills of their employees.
Staffing
Managers needs to hire and train effective employees that helps them to achieve their
goals and objectives. Hiring employees who have skills and abilities to complete task on time
plays a major role in overall success of an organization. Tesco needs employees who are able to
increase their profitability and able to develop their business at a large scale.
Directing
Managers of Tesco needs to guide their employees about the achievement of goals and
objectives and try to help them to cope up with organizations working. Tesco needs to lead
employees to use new technologies that helps them to achieve their goals and objectives.
Managers needs to build confidence in their employees so that they are able to work effectively.
Controlling
Managers needs to control all the working of their employees in an organization. After
preparing plan and implementing plan managers needs to analyse the working and make sure the
work is done according to the requirement of organization.
P3 Different theories and models of leadership
Situational leadership
Leaders and managers in Tesco needs to change their style on the basis of the
requirement(Keegan, 2017.) . They change their style by analysing their employees in a
organization. Changes are required to make employees work effectively towards achievement of
organizational goals and task.
Telling and directing
Leaders of Tesco needs to direct employees about how they have to work effectively
towards development of their organization. Directing helps employees to cope up with new
changes and technologies that are required for completion of task on time. Leaders needs to
direct employees by providing guidelines in the basis of plan that helps them to achieve
objectives.

Selling and coaching
Theory helps leaders to guide new employees in Tesco who have less or inexperienced
for development of organization. Leaders try to increase the confidence of their employees that
helps them achieve their goals and objectives.
Participating and supporting
Leaders needs to praise the efforts of their employees so that they are able to work
effectively in future. Praising their efforts and supporting them helps to motivate and influence
their employees so that they are able to work effectively. Leaders gives feedback on the work
done by employees that helps them to achieve their goals and objectives.
Delegating to employees
In this employees of Tesco have a idea what they are doing. They prepare guidelines and
plans for task on their own with little guldens from their superiors. It helps employees to bring
creativity and innovation in their work.
System theory of leadership
Increase productivity
Theory helps leaders of Tesco to increase productivity of their business by influencing
their employees. Leaders needs to know the wants and desires of their employees and try to fulfil
those wants of their employees so that they are able to work effectively.
Analyse behaviour
Leaders of Tesco needs to analyse the behaviour of their employees so that they are able
to prepare plan according to the requirement. Behaviour analysis helps Tesco to achieve their
goals and completion of task on time.
Bring coordination
In system leadership leaders of Tesco needs to bring employees together and develop
coordination between them. Building coordination helps employees to work in a team effectively
towards achievement of goals of an organization. Team goals are able to achieve effectively and
helps employees to develop effective guidelines for their business.
Control

Leaders needs to control all the working of their employees in Tesco(Heizer, Render and
Munson, 2016.) . As Tesco is a retail company then leaders needs to know that store staff is
working according to requirement. Controlling helps leaders to develop smooth working in an
organization.
Reduces burden from management
Effective leadership helps Tesco to complete their task on time that helps them to achieve
their objectives and goals.
Contingency leadership
Leader member relation
Leaders of Tesco needs develop an effective relation with their employees that helps
them to achieve goals and objectives. Leaders needs to build trust in their subordinates by
effective motivation. Familiarizing employees and build friendly relation helps to influence
employees to work effectively.
Task structure
Leaders of Tesco needs to provide clear guidelines to their employees so that they are
able to achieve objectives in an organization. Guidelines helps employees to understand task and
develop business at large scale. Leaders are able to track all performance of their employees in
Tesco.
Positional power
Leaders have the power to influence employees in Tesco. Leaders need to use those
power to reward and punish their employee. Employees who are working effectively towards
development of organization needs to give appraisal, promotion as a reward, employees who are
ineffective and play politics in an organization needs demotion as a punishment.
Different situations
In Tesco whenever an employee play nasty politics or to ruin image of another employee
leader take necessary steps against those employees to make them effective towards goals and
objective of organization and strict and necessary actions are taken against those employees.
When employees are working effectively towards development of organization. Leader
provide them rewards and appreciate them on their efforts. And make effective use of resources

and develop effectiveness of their products and services. Help in overall development and
effectiveness of organization.
LO3
P4 Key approaches to operations management.
Operations management means Tesco uses some practices or plans that helps them to
achieve their goals and objectives and increase productivity in their organization(Reid and
Sanders, 2019.) . Operations management helps to control overall working of an organization
make them in an effective way that helps organization to achieve their goals and objectives.
Leaders and managers plays an important role for overall development of operations
management. Operation management helps Tesco to develop effective use of raw materials and
reduces wastage.
Designing
Tesco needs to design a new product that helps them to achieve their goals and objectives
of business. Company needs to analyse the market situations and requirements of their customers
that helps them to design a new product. In designing proper monitoring and controlling is
required and manager and leader plays an important role by guiding and influencing employees
towards work. Leaders helps operations team to select effective employees who have a skills to
achieve the goals of organization on the basis of design. Designing helps to improve
performance of employees in an organization.
Planning
Managers of Tesco helps operations team to make plan and effective use of available
resources that helps organization to achieve objectives and goals. Managers and leaders helps
employees to cope up with the changes as new plan and product comes with new policies and
technologies that employees need to adapt. Managers helps top utilize all resources and reduce
wastage and plan for completion of task on time.
Managing
Leaders are able to manage employees in an organization and have abilities to guide
employees. Leaders helps businesses to build an effective team that helps them to achieve task
on time. Leaders motivate and encourage employees towards work and try to develop an

effective work from employees in an organization. Team building improve performance of
employees by effective training and leadership in an organization.
Coordination
Operations management of Tesco needs coordination in working of organization. Leaders
helps operation team to work effectively(Gibson and Parkman, 2018.) . Leaders influence
employees to work with each other and develop effective communication with employees they
are able to develop an team that helps Tesco to achieve their objectives and goals on time.
Coordination between employees helps Tesco to develop their business at a large scale.
P5 Importance of operations management
Operation management helps to plan for day to day activities of Tesco. Operations
management works to effective use of funds and resources in an organization. Operations
management helps to prepare plans and and direct employees ton achieve objectives of
organization. Managers prepare plans and strategies for development of organization. Operation
management helps Tesco to design product after effective analysis of market that helps to meet
demands of their consumers. Operations manager works to maintain quality of the products of
business that helps them to satisfy wants of their customers.
Achieve objectives
Operation management is important for Business to achieve objectives at a large scale.
They develop plans for Tesco to complete task on time. Management of work and utilization of
resources helps them to achieve their objectives at a large scale (Hitt, Xu and Carnes, 2016.) .
Tesco needs to develop an effective use of their managers so that they are able work according to
the requirement of organization.
Productivity of employees
Managers helps to develop a schedule for their employees so that they are able to work
effectively according to the requirement. Managers motivate employees and influence them
towards achievement of personal goals that make employees to work effectively towards
achievement of organizational goals.
Goodwill and presence

When managers work effectively towards achievement of organizational goals by
motivating their employees. Managers of Tesco helps them to develop goodwill and improve
their presence by proper marketing their product and develop an design that attracts customers
towards their products and services.
Able to utilize resources
Managers work to utilize working of an organization. Managers develop a design and
prepare a plan that have effectiveness to utilize all the resources of an organization. If resources
of Tesco are utilized without any wastage then it increases the profit of the company and helps
them to develop their business at a large scale. Effective utilization develops smooth working of
an organization. Managers make effective use of employees in an organization that helps to
minimize wastage.
Improve motivation of employees
Managers needs to motivate their employees so that they are able to work effectively in
an organization. Managers motivates their employees by providing them opportunities to take
decision building relations with them, praising their efforts in an organization. Tesco success
largely depends on the working of their employees and managers needs to motivate their
employees so that they work effectively towards success of an organization.
LO4
P6 Factors of business environment effects operation management and decision making
Business environment plays an important role in effecting overall working of leaders and
managers(Murphy and Johnson, 2016.). Business needs to develop at a large scale for that they
needs to analyse overall working of an organization.
Finance
Tesco needs to analyse the overall environment of business. Operations manager needs to
decide the funds require for overall development of organization. Finance effects overall success
of the organization. Company needs to know the cost and investment require for completion of
task.
Human resource

Operation managers needs to know the effective employees that helps them to achieve
objectives and completion of task on time. Tesco needs to train employees for developing their
skills. Companies success largely depends on human resource available to them and Tesco needs
to develop effective use of the resources.
Marketing issues
Business environment effects overall development of organization. If environment is not
effective and Tesco is not able to cope up with the environment where they are going to market
their product then marketing issues for a business arises at a large scale.
Internal relations
If employees relations with each other is not good and conflicts are arising in overall
working of an organization then effects the development of business at a large scale. Tesco needs
to maintain good relations in their organization it helps them in smooth functioning of their
organization.
Business environment effects decision making
Requires Research
Managers and leaders require research on overall development of their organization.
Research helps them to know the internal environment of their business about the requirement
and problems of their employees that helps them to achieve their own objectives. Business needs
to develop at a large scale and proper research helps them to get idea to achieve their goals and
objectives.
Employees behaviour
Decision taking helps business to achieve their goals and objectives. Leaders needs to
analyse the behaviour of their employees towards functioning of an organization(Zhao, Thatcher
and Jehn 2019.). Leaders needs to know the requirement and wants of their employees so that
they are able to satisfy them to improve their effectiveness towards organizations goals.
Understand objectives
Leaders and managers needs to understand the objectives of their organization. They
need to know the vision of their organization so that they are able to develop plan according to
requirement. Managers needs to know the reason for development of plan and engaging
employees with that plan.

Conclusion
Report shows that leader and manager both work for development of organization but at
different backgrounds. Leaders try to motivate employees and get effective work done from them
and managers concentrates on completion of work on time without any engagement with
employees. Leaders works to solve conflicts in an organization. Managers works to achieve
objectives on time. Different theories helps leaders to use in different situations and helps them
to achieve goals and objectives of business. Operations managers helps to plan and prepare
strategies for business and leaders and managers plays an important role on smooth functioning
of those plans. Internal environment of business plays an important role on overall development
of an organization. They effects decision making of leaders and managers in an organization.

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