Marks and Spencer: Management and Operations Report Analysis

This report examines the concepts of management and operations within a business context, focusing on the roles of leaders and managers in achieving organizational goals. It explores the differences between leaders and managers, detailing their respective characteristics and responsibilities, and how they apply in different situational contexts. The report delves into various leadership theories, including situational leadership, contingency leadership, and systems leadership. It also identifies key approaches to operations management, such as lean thinking, and discusses the importance of operations management in achieving business objectives. Furthermore, the report analyzes the factors within the business environment that impact operational management and decision-making by leaders and managers, using Marks and Spencer as a case study. The report provides a comprehensive overview of management and operations to enhance business productivity.

Management
and
Operations
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Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................4
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................4
P1 Different roles and characteristics of a leader and a manager...............................................4
P2 How the role of a leader and the function of a manager apply in different situational
contexts. .....................................................................................................................................6
P3 Use different theories and models of approach, including situational leadership, systems
leadership and contingency.........................................................................................................7
P4 Determine the key approaches to operations management and the role that leaders and
managers play. ............................................................................................................................8
P5 State the importance and value of operations management in achieving business
objectives.....................................................................................................................................9
P6 Measure the factors within the business environment that impact upon operational
management and decision making by leaders and managers....................................................10
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................11
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................12
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INTRODUCTION
Management is the concept of organising, planning, leading and managing the resources
of the business so that goals of the organisation can be achieved effectively it helps in
maintaining the proper working environment in the business. Operation play an important role in
the organisation it helps in increasing the profit of the business through the production of goods
and services. Operation management in the organisation helps in controlling and designing the
process of production so that best services can be provided to the customers which helps in
building the revenue of the business in the market. Management of operations helps in improving
the performance of the business by improving the quality of the products which increases the
revenue generating power of the business in the market because if company will provide best
services to the business it will help in increasing the demand of the business and will also
provide competitive advantage to the organisation.
Marks and Spencer is the top retailer company in UK its headquarters in London it was founded
by Thomas Spencer and Michael 1616072202Marks in 1884. It has 952 stores which are
currently present in UK From the 959 stores there are 615 stores which only deals in food items.
Marks and Spencer provides the best quality of products to the customers which helps in
increasing the profit of the business in the market. This organisation provides various variety of
products to the customers which increases the demand of the company in the market it also
provides online services to the customers which helps the customers to buy the products without
going to the stores. Due to which the overall revenue of the business has also increased. In this
report it will be analysed that how management and operations helps in the growth of the
organisation (Booth, 2018).
MAIN BODY
P1 Different roles and characteristics of a leader and a manager.
Managers and leaders plays an important role in the growth of the organisation they help
in improving and managing the performance so that profit and goodwill of the business can be
increased in the market. There are a difference between managers and leaders. managers have the
employees who work for them while leader have a team who follow the instruction of the leaders
and perform their activities accordingly. For the successful growth of the business managers and
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leaders both are very important. There are various role and characteristics of the managers and
leaders in the organisation which are given below:
Role of a manager
 Supervision: In the organisation supervision is the main role of the manager to achieve
the goals of the business supervision helps in analysing whether the employees are
working effectively or not which also helps in the developing the growth of the
employees in the business (Nyamai, 2018).
 Developing a link between senior management and subordinates: Mangers in the
organisation should be responsible for developing a link between the top management
and the employees by providing all the necessary information of the top management to
the employees so that performance the business can be increased and more profit can be
earned. Managers should ask from the employees regarding the issues which are facing
so that they can discuss with the senior management and resolve the issue of the
employees so that healthy working environment can take place.
Characteristics of a manager
 Organisation: A manager in the business so know how to manage the resources and
performance of the business so that goals can be achieved effectively. Proper
organisation is very important in the business to increase the profit of the business in the
market.
 Time management: A manager should have time management skills so that proper
management can take place if the mangers will not have the value of the time then it can
also the behaviour of the employees in the organisation which can affect the performance
of the business.
Role of a leader
 Building the structure of the organisation: In the organisation leaders main role is build
the structure of the business by managing the resources and performance of the team
members so that targets of the business can be accomplish easily.
 Proving the direction: It is the responsibility of the leader ton provide direction to the
team members so that there performance can be enhanced goals can be achieved
effectively. leaders analyse the strategies of the business on the basis of which they
perform the task. Providing the right direction to the employees is very important
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because if the employees will not follow the correct direction then it can affect the
growth of the business.
Characteristics of a leader
 Trustworthy: Leader should build a trust relation with their team members so that
chances of conflicts can be resolved a good leader can easily gain the trust of its team
members by being honest with them which will also develop a respect for a leader the by
team members (Kazancoglu, 2018).
 Knowledgeable: leader in the organisation should have proper knowledge and skills so
that proper guidance can be provided to the team members if the leader have the
knowledge and skills properly then it help the business to innovate its services in the
markets so that better services can be provided to the customers.
Above are the different roles and responsibilities of the managers and leaders which they have to
perform in the organisation to achieve their targets it also the business to increase its productivity
in the market.
P2 How the role of a leader and the function of a manager apply in different situational contexts.
Managers and leaders of the organisation have to work according to the role and
responsibilities so that they can handle different situation in the organisation effectively. Role
and responsibilities of the managers and leaders guides them to perform smoothly in the
organisation.
Developing a new product: If the Mark and Spencer is developing a new product in the
market then there are various strategies which has to be planned so that best outcome can take
place in order to increase the demand of the new product in the market company first has to
analyse the needs and requirement of the customers so that more profit can be earned. For the
effective development of the product there are different strategies which has to be planned by the
leaders once the strategies are implemented it is the responsibility of the mangers to a coordinate
with the strategies so that assigned task can be achieved effectively.
Change in the organisation: In the business change is very important it helps in
maintaining the demand of the business in the market. If the organisation will not develop a
change then it can affect the growth of the business in the market. Mangers in Mark and Spencer
should build a healthy working environment so that goals can be achieved effectively. Combine
efforts of mangers and leaders helps in enhancing the performance of the business which
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increases the revenue of the business in the market leaders should guide its employees according
to the change which is applied in the business so that they perform accordingly in the
organisation.
Management of Performance: In the organisation managing the performance of the
employees helps in improving the services of the business which they are providing. Managers
are responsible for the performance of the different teams due to various instruction are provided
to the leaders so that they can helps their team members in enhancing their performance. Due to
which development cost of the company gets reduced and profit is achieved. Leaders uses their
different skills so that they can provide best guidance and support to the team members which
helps in improving the quality of the business.
Employee engagement: if employees will work with full efficiency in the organisation it
helps in increasing the profit of the business. Managers should develop a healthy relationship
with the employees so that they can share there issues directly with the mangers which will helps
in the employee retention leaders should also provides a friendly environment to the employees
so that productivity of the business can be increased (Barnes, 2018).
P3 Use different theories and models of approach, including situational leadership, systems
leadership and contingency.
Leader are the backbone of the organisation which helps in increasing the performance of
the business in the economy due to which company can get competitive advantage in the market.
Leadership is the quality in the individual which helps in guiding the teams members so that
there performance can be improved and growth chances can be build. There are various
leadership theories which are used by the leaders to perform their task.
Situational leadership theory: this theory is used by the leaders in different situation which can
occurs due to which development level of the team members also gets enhanced it helps in
providing the balance in the organisation by maintaining the performance of the business. It
includes four different level of leadership which are given below:
 Leader tells: In order to provide proper guidance to the team members it is important for
leaders to provides clear instruction to team members so that effective results can take
place.
 Leader sells: In this step leader of the business provides the supervision to the team
members and ask them to provide new ideas which can completing the assigned task. It
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helps in improving the skills of the team members and also help the leader in getting new
and innovative ideas in the business.
 Leader advises: In this step leaders motivates their team members so that best outcome
can take place as team members has already received guidances from their leaders.
Leaders also provide opportunities to the team members to exchange their ideas and
views which will help in increasing the growth of the business (Mendoza Domingue,
2020).
 Leaders delegates: in this level individuals get mature they know their responsibilities
and how they have to fulfil it so that their performance can become better in the
organisation with the trust leaders delegates their responsibilities so that individual
growth can take place.
Contingency leadership: This style of leadership claims that there is no best way to lead a
organisation or making a decision the actions of the individual is dependent on the external and
internal situation this theory helps in developing the skills of the leaders this theory helps the
leaders in making effective decision so that negative impact cannot take place which in
developing adaptability skills in the leaders.
System leadership: This style of leadership helps in maintaining the system of the organisation
departments which helps in maintaining healthy relationship which between the department
which helps in eliminating the threats from the organisation this style also helps in analysing the
issue of different department so that it can resolved effectively. System structure in the
organisation is very important for the leaders to provide the best guidance of the team members
so that goals can be achieved effectively.
P4 Determine the key approaches to operations management and the role that leaders and
managers play.
There are different types of approaches used by the organisation to manage its operation
which are given below:
 Lean thinking: This approach is used to develop new way of planning and thinking so
that better services can be provided to the economy by organising the activities of the
individual this approach is mainly customer focused so that best services can be provided
to the customers. So that needs and requirement of the customers can be satisfied
effectively and profit of the business can also increase.
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Role of manager: the main role of the mangers in this approach is to eliminate the waste in the
production process by guiding the employees so that productivity of the business can be
increased and better services can be provided to the customers.
Role of the leader: leaders of the organisation helps the guiding the steps which are provided by
the managers to reduce the wastage from the production process.
 Queuing approach: In this approach of operation management the waiting time of the
customers in line is determined so that organisation can develop an effective business
system which will helps in increasing the demand of the company by satisfying the
customer's it is basically a mathematical approach which increase the revenue of the
business.
Role of a manager: managers are responsible to guide their team so that they can execute the
customer support system and provide best services to the customers (Dewan and Milne, 2020).
Role of the leaders: leader are responsible of making the system that can helps the organisation
in analysing the cost so that they can maintain the demand of the business in the market by
providing better services to the customers.
 SERVQUAL: This approach helps in analysing the expectation of the customers and the
services which are being provided by the business so that better experiences can be
provided to the customers which will satisfy the needs of the customers effectively.
Role of managers: It is responsibility of the managers to work on the services so that demand of
the business cannot get affected and services of business can fulfil the requirement of the
customers.
Role of the leaders: Leaders should guide the employees according the requirement of the
customer so that they can improve their services and can increase the profit of the business in the
market.
Above are the approaches which are used by the Mark and Spencer in developing its services in
the market which will helps in increasing the profit of the business in the market.
P5 State the importance and value of operations management in achieving business objectives.
Operation management helps in increasing the productivity and revenue of the business
in the market by fulfilling expectations of the customers.
 Increase in the overall revenue of the business: Operation management helps Marks and
Spencer in increasing their revenue by providing innovative services to the customers
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which helps in increasing the demand of the company in the market. It also helps in
reducing the issues of the customers which helps in building customer loyalty in the
organisation.
 Helps in increasing the productivity of the business: operation management helps the
Marks and Spencer to increase its productivity in the markets by the effective utilisation
of resources which increases the profit of the business. Productivity is basically a ratio of
input to output which can be maintained by the efficiency of the employees. If employees
will perform their assign task effectively then it will helps the business to achieve
productivity at the high level (Wainaina, 2020).
 Customer satisfaction: It plays an important role in the growth of the organisation
customers satisfaction can take place if the business is providing best services to the
customers with the help of operation management Mark and Spencer improves its quality
of the services which they are providing which helps in satisfying the expectation of the
customers due to which long term survival of the business can take place.
 Eliminating the operating cost : Operation management helps in reducing the cost of
production by eliminating the waste from the production process which enhances the
quality of the product in the market and increases the revenue of the business.
P6 Measure the factors within the business environment that impact upon operational
management and decision making by leaders and managers
Operation management helps in maintaining the performance of the business by developing the
product and services of the business it helps in increasing the goodwill of the business in the
market so that productivity of the company can get developed in the economy. With the help this
leaders and managers can take effective decision making in the business so that growth of the
company can take place in the business. there are various strategies which is made by the
business to take effective decision in the business. it helps in increasing the goodwill of the
business by developing the services of the business.
Application of operation management
 Allocation of resources: operation management helps in proper allocation of resources in
the business so that growth of the business can take place effectively in the business.
 Production and facilities: It helps in providing the effective material and workforce so
that best production process can take place in the market.
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 Marketing: it helps in proper budget allocation which is required in marketing so that sale
of the business can be increased and more profit can be generated.
There are few factors which can affect the business environment:
 Value, ethics and culture: value and ethics develops the culture of the organisation. The
culture of the business get evolves by the various approaches which are applied by the
employees, managers and leaders while operating in the organisation marks and Spencer
is the multinational company due to which they have multi- culture employees in the
organisation Mark and Spencer has to develop its policies so that culture of the individual
cannot get affected and performance of the business can also get enhanced.
 Sustainability: Mark and Spencer should develop its services in a way so that
sustainability of the business can be maintained and profit of the business can also be
increased in the market. If the business will provide innovative services to the customers
then it will in the long term survival of the business in the market mangers and leaders of
the organisation should take their decision and plan their strategies by keeping in mind
the sustainability of the business.
 Corporative social responsibility: every organisation is working for the development of
the society by satisfying their needs and requirement in order to increase its demand in
the market company should also share some part of its profit in the welfare of the society
if the organisation will share its profit of the development of the society then it will help
the business to increase its goodwill in the market. Leaders and managers of the Mark
and Spencer should take the decision by keeping in mind the welfare of the society so
that growth of the business can take place in the economy (Meredith and Pilkington,
2018).
CONCLUSION
From the above report it has been analysed that management and operations helps in
increasing the profit of the business in the market there are various roles and responsibility of the
leaders which are used by them to enhance the productivity of the business by improving the
performance of the employees leaders and managers has an important role in the growth of the
business because leaders guides the employees regarding the task which which is assigned to
them and managers are responsible to check whether they are performing well or not. So that
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growth of the business cannot get affected. Management helps in providing discipline working
environment due to which performance of the employees also gets enhanced which improves the
goodwill of the business in the market.
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