Management and Operations Report: Leader and Manager Roles at M&S

This report delves into the realm of management and operations, specifically within the context of Marks and Spencer (M&S), a major British multinational retail organization. It begins with an overview of M&S's organizational structure and then proceeds to compare and contrast the roles and characteristics of leaders and managers. The report emphasizes the importance of leaders in setting a clear vision, providing guidance, and implementing strategies, while highlighting the manager's role in setting goals, monitoring performance, and ensuring effective communication. It evaluates how these roles apply in various situations, such as employee engagement, introducing new products, and conflict resolution. The report further explores different leadership styles, including contingency, system, and situational leadership, and defines key approaches in operational management, stressing the leader's and manager's roles. The report concludes by assessing factors within the business environment that impact operational management and decision-making, and explains how operational efficiency can be improved to meet business goals successfully. References are provided at the end of the report.

MANAGEMENT &
OPERATIONS

Table of Content.
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................1
PART 1............................................................................................................................................1
Introduction about the organization.............................................................................................1
Explain and compare several role and characteristics of leader and managers ..........................1
Evaluate the role of a leader & function of a manager can be applied in different situation......4
Define various theories, model of approach which explains types of leadership........................5
Define key approaches in operation management. Explain what are the roles that are played by
leader and manager......................................................................................................................7
The value and importance of Management in achieving business objectives.............................7
Assess the factor within the business environment that impact upon operational management
and decision-making by leader and managers.............................................................................8
Explain how can operational efficiency by improved for meeting business goals successfully. 8
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................9
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................10

INTRODUCTION
The management and operation is the administration of the business practices to create
the highest level of efficiency possible within an organization. This is assist in plan, controls as
well as supervises manufacturing and production process and service delivery. These are also
help in the effectively manage, control as well as supervise goods, services and individual. This
report is includes the explanation of roles as well as characteristics of leader as well as manager
in Marks and Spencer. This is consider the role and function of leader and these are assist in the
several analysable conditions which would require special guidance. There are also includes the
various theories, model leadership qualities which are help in the identification of solution for
the problems (Visser, 2020). The managers and leaders are plays an significant role in the
development of the business and increase the productivity of organisation.
MAIN BODY
PART 1
Introduction about the organization
The Marks and Spencer is a organisation which is associated with the retail sector. This is
a major British multinational retail organisation which deals with clothing, beauty, home product
as well as food products. The headquarter of this organisation is situated in the Paddington,
London, England and this is founded in 1884. This is started business with a small shop in a open
market and had a tag line “Don't ask the price, it's a penny” which attract the customers. Marks
and Spencer follows a flat organizational structure which is a organizational model with
relatively few or no levels of middle management between the executive as well as the frontline
employees. This is help in the motivate the employees for making suitable and effective decision
and decrease the cost (Chen and et. al., 2020).
Explain and compare several role and characteristics of leader and managers
Leader: Leader is a person who convinces other person to follow and have a capability
for achieving the goals and objective of the organization. In context to Marks and Spencer, these
are assist the employees for give their best for growth of organization.
Role of leaders:
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 Setting a transparent vision for company: The small and large both business are need a
transparency and clear goals for increasing working as well as operations in a competitive
market. These are assist the business foe increasing development and growth according to
time.
 Provide direction and Guidance: The leaders of the respective organization are
responsible to giving the appropriate guidance and direction for completion of activities.
 Implement strategies and Monitoring result: The main work of leader is making the
useful strategies and policies which are assist in the increase profit and expansion of
business.
Characteristics of leaders:
 Focused: The leaders of the Marks and Spencer are aimed on carrying out the affiliated
task which are assist the organization for achieving the objectives and goals. It is the
essential for the leaders to manage task and team members.
 Innovative: In relation to Marks and Spencer, the leaders of the organization have the
innovative quality which are assist in the maintaining the sustainability in the competitive
environment.
 Self-aware: The leaders are anticipate to increase their working skills as well as
specialisation which are gives the benefits to the respective organization. This
organisation is assist leader to learn new qualities and skill for their benefit.
Manager: The manager is a person who perform several function such as examining the
performance and supervise the employees of the Marks and Spencer and increase the
effectiveness of the organization.
Role of manager:
 Setting goals: The manager of the Marks and Spencer are responsible for making the
goals and objectives for the workers which are give the guidance to the team members for
attaining the goals in a particular time of period. These are also assist the employees for
increasing their working effectiveness and performance.
 Monitoring performance: The manager of the respective organization are build a proper
guidelines which are which are assist in the track the performance of the employees.
Characteristics of manager:
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 Experience: This is a extra benefits to the organization and the experiences of the
manager in Marks and Spencer is assist in the identification of the challenges which are
present within the working premises.
 Communicator: The manager of the Marks and Spencer have the ability for build a goof
and effective communication which are assist them to inform about the strategies which
are need to execute. These are also assist the organisation in development and growth of
the organization in particular period of time.
 Time management: The time management is the essential skill for every organization.
The manager of the Marks and Spencer are use their time management skill for reduce
time and cost and increase the profit margin of the organization.
Basis of comparison Leadership Management
Meaning Leadership is a process which
influences the other individual
for achieving the common
goals and objectives with high
enthusiasm and willingness.
The management is also a
process in which several things
together with the best possible
manner for getting a effective
result.
Focus This is aimed on encouraging
the workers.
This is aimed on deliver the
stability and strength in the
group at organisational level.
Base This is based on the trust of the
group on individual.
This is based on the control
that a person have on other
group.
Power The leadership is influence the
person in the group.
It has ability to make things
according to one's perspective.
Formulation The leadership is the
formulation of the guidelines
and principles.
These are includes the several
policies as well as procedure
that give the direction to the
work of management.
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Evaluate the role of a leader & function of a manager can be applied in different situation
In relation to Marks and Spencer, the leaders and managers can be determined as
performing their jobs, activities as well as responsibilities in an effective and efficient manner.
This is play significant role for them for manage hard situation, make strategies and policies
which are assist in the completion of the task without any hinder. The responsibilities of leader
as well as performance of manager are mentioned as:
Employee engagement:
Role of leaders: In relation to Marks and Spencer, the leaders of the organisation are
responsible for improvement in working and assist in the increase the involvement of the
employees. These are give the suitable directions to employees for increasing effectiveness and
efficiency of the working (Van Wassenhove, 2019).
Function of manager: In context to Marks and Spencer, the manager is anticipate to
building rules, strategies as well as policies which are assist in the building the effective and
positive relation between workers. These are also help in the evaluation to the expectations of the
workers which are assist in the perform business activities and feel motivated.
Introduction of new product and services:
The innovation of the new goods and services are assist the organization for increase the
growth and development of the business. These are also assist in the doing some changes which
are essential for the competition to stay in the market. In context to Mark and Spencer, there are
introduce several new goods which are assisting in the increasing the needs and attract new
clients (Sumukadas, 2021). The responsibilities of leader as well as function of manager are
mentioned below:
Role of leader: The leaders are responsible for making and communicating new plan as
well as policies to their workers which are assist them to feel motivate. These are assist them to
increase effectiveness and efficiencies in work.
Function oof manager: In respect to Marks and Spencer, these are responsible for
building policies and plans which are assist in execution of innovative steps.
Solving conflicts:
This is a big challenge which are present in every organization at any time. The manager
and leaders are responsible for overcome these matter at their personal level.
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Role of leader: The leader have the knowledge and skills to overcome the challenges at
any time and these are not affect the working of the organization. In context to Marks and
Spencer, the leaders of this organisation is responsible for building the relationship between
employees and understand and resolve the challenges.
Function of manager: In relation to Marks and Spencer, the manager is responsible for
resolve the issues and understand the reason for the occurring of issue (Victorino, and et. al.,
2018).
Define various theories, model of approach which explains types of leadership
The leadership can be refers as process which are give the guidance as well as assist the
workers to complete their works. The main aim of leader is carry out operations in a efficient and
effective manner. There are every leaders are use different leadership style which are assisting in
the management of activities and lead the team for achieving the objectives and goals (Keppel
and Bretagnolle, 2018). There are some leadership styles are mentioned as:
Contingency Leadership style:
This types of leadership style are assist to understand the effectiveness of leaders in a
specific conditions. These are supply ides that is not essential for leaders would be applicable in
all current conditions. In relation to Marks and Spencer, the leaders of the organisation must
have the flexibility and need some additional skills as well as techniques to improvement in the
hour o require. In the Marks and Spencer, this is consider three elements which are mentioned as:
 Build relation between leadership style and situation: The leaders of the respective
organisation is need to show their knowledge and skills for make a relationship between
situation and leadership style.
 Situation: According to this element, the leaders of Marks and Spencer is need to have a
complete evaluation of the situation and build the strategies for overcome the problems.
 Leadership style: After the evaluation of the conditions the leaders is need to select best
leadership style which are assist in the completion of task with effective manner
(Chambers, 2019).
System leadership style
This is essential for every organisation which assist in the update some changes for
completion of work on time. This is bring a environmental change within the organization. This
is essential when the organization is working on the large scale in the market. This is includes the
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various function which assist the leader in guiding the other people and give the direction for
work. In relation to Marks and Spencer, this leadership style is help in the increasing the
development and increase the sustainability of the organization.
Situational Leadership Theory:
This is aimed on flexibility so that leaders are able to adopt according to their needs of
their followers. This is more useful when condition is different from tome to time. This theory is
consider 4 element which are taken account by the leaders in several conditions. These elements
are mentioned as:
 Participative: In context to Marks and Spencer, the leaders of this organisation are
giving the chance to employees for participate in the making strategies and decision
making. These are also assist in the increasing the effectiveness of work (Basole and et.
al., 2021).
 Coaching: This element is utilized by Marks and Spencer organisation and leaders are
involved in decision-making process. There are leaders are appoint for giving new ideas
to their workers. These are also give the better clarity for doing work.
 Delegating: According to this element, this is involve low directive behaviour as well as
low supportive behaviour because it's team members driven leadership style. These are
provide the potential to subordinates to make the decisions and operation on their own.
 Directing: This element is also known as guiding or telling and the level of directive
behaviour is high, while the level of supportive behaviour is low. This leadership style is
highly effective when the team workers are requires the close supervision from leader. In
relation to Marks and Spencer, these are give the direction to workers and assist them to
work according to the guidelines (Meredith and Pilkington, 2018).
Strength and weaknesses of different approach to leadership and management
Strength Weakness
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Management Problem solving: these
management gives the
knowledge and skills for make
a practical and effective
solution of the problem and
assist in overcome all issues.
Goal setting: the management
is not able to set the defined
objective ad goals for the team
members which can cause
failure in completion of tasks.
Leadership Strong analytical skills: A
strong leader is require to have
some analytical skill which are
assist in the identification of
data for the effective decision-
making.
Overly critical: leadership
process is sometime pushes the
leaders for the work of
individuals in a manner that is
more than need and affect the
working of the workers.
PART 2
Define key approaches in operation management. Explain what are the roles that are played by
leader and manager
The operational management is refers as the management which are associated with the
activities, role and practices which are assist in the bring off the effectiveness. This is the process
which are associated with the conversion of the raw material into the goods. The respective
organisation is a retail shop market which are consider the several activities. It includes
production, marketing, sale and promotion (Salmenperä and et. al., 2021). There are some key
approaches for manager and leader of Marks and Spencer which are mentioned as:
 Lean production: This is aimed on eliminating waste of material which are associated
with the quality of the product.
Role of manager: In relation to Marks and Spencer, these managers have the specialization and
quality in making plan which help in decease the cost and increasing the effective utilization of
resources.
Role of Leader: The leaders of the respective organization are manage task for employees for
several action could be planned which can help in increase productivity as well as decrease the
risk.
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 Total quality management: These are highly useful for Marks and Spencer which assist
the workers for increasing the focus as well as for effective working which can increase
services as well as quality of goods (Zhang and et. al., 2020).
Role of leaders: The leaders of the organization are locate their skilled and efficient employees
at one place which are assist in the increase the high quality of products.
Role of manager: The manager of the organization are responsible for making the several
strategies which are associated with the code of conduct and producing high quality of products.
The value and importance of Management in achieving business objectives
The operational management is assist in the achieving the goals as well as objectives of
the organization. There are some points are mentioned below which explained the significance of
operation management of Marks and Spencer.
 Quality of product: In relation to Marks and Spence, the quality of product is significant
to closely analyse performance of the workers which are assist to produce high quality of
products. These are essential for the development and growth of the organization.
 Resource utilization: in context to Marks and Spencer, the leaders and managers are
analyse their workers in the daily work basis. These are also responsible for appropriate
use of the resource which help in the achieving the goals (Ghavamifar and Torabi, 2022).
Assess the factor within the business environment that impact upon operational management and
decision-making by leader and managers
There are several factors of are present which are in affect operational management and
leaders & managers. These are mentioned as:
Internal factors:
 Sustainability: This is the ability to maintain and support a process continuously over
time. In relation to Marks and Spencer, the manager and leaders are make some policies
and strategies which help in bring sustainability and decrease cost as well as increase
profit margin (Amadi-Echendu, 2021).
 Corporate Social responsibility: This is the model that assist a organisation be socially
accountable to itself, its stakeholder and customers. In context to Marks and Spencer, this
would helps the manager and leader for make effective decision-making.
External factors:
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 Technological: The Marks and Spencer is use updated and latest version of technology
within the working premises. The updated technology assist in the make high quality of
service and products and decrease cost.
 Social: this factor is based on the requirements of the customers in the organisation. This
can be explained as culture, age and preference. The Marks and Spencer is make the
product and services according to the requirements of the customer in the market (Choi,
Wallace and Wang, 2018).
Explain how can operational efficiency by improved for meeting business goals successfully
The leaders and managers are make some strategies and policies which assist in the
decrease the cost, reduce waste time and produce the high quality of product and services. This is
a main target of the operation management to provide the batter resources and utilization. There
are need to make various strategies as well as policies which are assist Marks and Spencer. There
are the essential for the making a proper communication channel in the organization (Paman,
Khairizal and Wahyudy, 2018).
CONCLUSION
From the above discussion it has been concluded that the management operation is useful
for the organization. This is consider planning, supervising, manufacturing,controlling and
production of product and services. This is also consider the functioning of the manger which are
responsible for the decreasing the risk and are also responsible for the management of the
services and employees. The operation management is consider the proper use of the resource
material, staff as well as technologies. The managers are also assist in the overcome the various
challenges and issues by the implication of strategies and policies.
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REFERENCES
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Cham.
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Journal on Data Science.
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in the UK (pp. 140-152). Routledge.
Chen, S. and et. al., 2020. Cloud computing value chains: Research from the operations
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Choi, T.M., Wallace, S.W. and Wang, Y., 2018. Big data analytics in operations
management. Production and Operations Management, 27(10), pp.1868-1883.
Ghavamifar, A. and Torabi, S.A., 2022. OR/MS Models for the Humanitarian-Business
Partnership. In The Palgrave Handbook of Operations Research (pp. 835-858). Palgrave
Macmillan, Cham.
Keppel, D. and Bretagnolle, P.E., 2018. An Empirical Exploration of the Potential Benefits of
Applying Big Data Analytics for Improved Space to Space Operations Management in
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Meredith, J.R. and Pilkington, A., 2018. Assessing the exchange of knowledge between
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Paman, U., Khairizal, K. and Wahyudy, H.A., 2018. Management system of small farm
machinery hiring business for rice farming operations in kampar region, Indonesia.
Salmenperä, H. and et. al., 2021. Critical factors for enhancing the circular economy in waste
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Sumukadas, N., 2021. Are you ready for your next product recall crisis? Lessons from operations
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Van Wassenhove, L.N., 2019. Sustainable innovation: Pushing the boundaries of traditional
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Victorino, L. and et. al., 2018. Service operations: what have we learned?. Journal of Service
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