Management and Operations Report: Leader, Manager Roles, and Theories

This report delves into the core concepts of management and operations, providing a comprehensive analysis of the distinct roles of leaders and managers within a business context. It begins by defining management and its importance in guiding a company towards its objectives, emphasizing the role of managers in strategy development and efficient resource allocation. The report then contrasts leaders and managers, highlighting their differing orientations, approaches to conflict, and methods of motivating employees, with examples from Tesco. The report explores various leadership theories, including situational leadership and contingency management, illustrating how leaders and managers adapt their styles to different situations, such as conflict resolution and staff turnover. The report also examines the functions of management, including planning, organizing, staffing, directing, and controlling, providing insights into how these functions contribute to the smooth operation of a business. The report concludes by presenting a critical analysis of the importance of both leaders and managers in driving organizational growth and effectiveness. This report is valuable for understanding the dynamic interplay between leadership and management in achieving business success.

Management and Operations Business
MANAGEMENT
AND OPERATIONS
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Introduction
Management means a manager of a business or a company who needs to control all the
working of organization and manage all employees in an efficient way through which company’s
goal can be accomplished. Management department is responsible to prepare strategies for their
business. Effective use of funds to save money and increase profitability of a business. Operation
department of business work to analyse the production of goods and services in an organization.
They make sure that business operates in an efficient manner and all the employees are working
effectively towards a common goal. Operation management helps to develop plan to meet
customer requirements. Report shows role of leader and reflects difference between manager
and leader. Different types of theories and models are used by leaders in this report. Key
functions of operation management is development of an organization.
LO1
Compare leader and manager’s role.
Leader
Leader is a person who helps organizations in order to develop the employees and have
abilities to cope up with new technologies. Leader helps organizations to manage human work
force at work place. Leader helps to motivate the large number of audience in the firm so that
they work better (Kaplan and Atkinson, 2015.) . They built effective communication between
employees that helps companies for smooth working of their organization.. Give opportunities to
employees and show creativity at woprkplace. Leaders works to build relation and develop an
effective team for achievement of organizational goals. For example one of employee of Tesco
are not effective towards overall working of organization and would not able to increase
profitability of organization leader motivate them towards achievement of their own goals to
motivate them.
Manager
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A person who has to controls workforce, guides their employees to work effectively in an
organization. Individual has to ensure utilisation of resources so that cost can be controlled..
Managers needs knowledge to manage employees in an organization. Success of company
depends on their effective managers and manager’s effectiveness depends on their abilities to
manage time that helps in accomplishing objective. Managers needs confidence to take decisions
and motivate their employees. Managers needs to respect their employees and praise their efforts
that helps them to achieve organizational goals. Managers try to influence their employees by
building confidence and respecting their efforts.
Basis Leader Manager
Orientation Leader is vision oriented they
try to motivate and develop
employees for future
development. Leaders work
effectively today to develop
future for a business. To
become successful in a long
run leaders required for each
and every organization.
Managers are process oriented
they try to analyze the process
that how organization is able
to meet goals and objectives
effectively. Managers work
effectively towards the
achievement of objectives of
an organization.
Protection Leaders protect the interest of
their staff like fair
remuneration, status and
respect to the employees are
given to develop their business
at a large scale.
Managers try to protect
himself they want to their
employees to complete work
on time so that people and
superior praise efforts of an
manager.
Staff Leaders comes with special
features they work for the
employees and motivate them
to develop their personal goals
for their growth work to
achieve those goals.
Managers thinks about his own
career and grab opportunities
that helps in achieving at large
scale. Managers influence
employees to work effectively
that helps them to achieve their
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personal goals and
appreciation.
Conflict Leaders try to find a way to
manage conflicts in their
organization and leaders try
solve problems between their
employees so that they are able
to work
effectively(Rothaermel, 2017.)
. Leaders try to make an
environment so that employees
work effectively without any
conflict in an organization.
Managers tries to avoid
conflicts they don't want to be
a part of employees conflict
and tries to develop their
business
Trust Leaders trust their employees
and provide them opportunities
for their development and
establishment of their business
at a large scale. Provide them
opportunities to take decisions
Managers are not ready to trust
easily to their employees they
take time to analyze and giving
opportunities to their
employees.
Listen actively Leaders always listen actively
and understand the situation of
their employees that helps
them to achieve their goals and
objectives. Understand the
problems of each and every
one an take a part in meetings
of their employees.
Managers listens to superiors
or only some of important
people in an organization.
They are less interested to
interact with their employees
to know problems.
People Leaders work effectively for
the development of an
organization. They consider all
Manager work for people to
achieve the goals and
objectives of organization on
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employees as a family and try
influence them to achieve their
personal goals.
time and try to give them
opportunity to complete
important task.
Critical analysis
. Leader and manager both are most important person to increase and to develop overall
organization growth. Leader continuously work to improve business effectiveness. And manager
help to maintain overall working of organization.
Situational leadership theory states that leaders have to work different in several
situations , if workload is there and workers are feeling overburden then leaders play the role of
motivator. Individual makes them feel good so that they like their work and work better.
Whereas Contingency management theory states that managers are responsible for handling
business activities. They follows company’s guidelines to manage people at workplace.
LO2
Various situations and role of leader manager in these situations
Leader and manager work for development of business in an organization and company
needs to hire effective leaders that helps to meet business goal. (Hambrick, 2015.) . Tesco hires
effective leaders and managers that have ability to increase profitability of their organization.
Conflict at workplace
If Tesco is facing conflict between employees, then leader of company is responsible for
developing coordination among all workers so that conflicts can be resolved with love.
Individual develops friendly atmosphere so that allow workers work together so that conflicts do
not take place in organisation. Whereas manager of Tesco plays role of listener, individual listen
views of both involved people and negotiate with them so that such kind of conflicts can be
resolved timely.
Staff turnover
If company is facing trouble of high staff turnover then leader has to play role of
motivator, individual make them understand the benefit of staying in the firm. Whereas manager
gives them reward so that person like to stay in the firm.
Role of a leader
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Required at all level
Leadership is a never ending process Tesco needs it at all levels. It helps Tesco to get
policies and plans from top management and communicate that plans and policies with others..
Integrates personal goals with organizational goals
Leader needs to be smart and innovative and have abilities to engage large number of
people with the working of an organization. Leaders motivates employees to achieve their
personal goals and match them with organizational goals.
He solicits support
Leaders in Tesco needs to provide support to their employees and subordinates. They try
to bring cooperation in an organization. Leaders motivates employees to share innovative ideas
and invite their suggestions for development of organization.
As a friend, philosopher and guide
Leaders in Tesco needs to built an friendly relation.. Developing relations helps them to
achieve their goals.
Inspire trust
Tesco gets talented staff in business and have an effective character and qualities that
helps him to gain trust of their employees. Leaders work effectively and motivate their
employees which makes them to trust.
Functions of manager
Planning
Managers of Tesco prepares plan to develop business. Planning is one of the most
important and first function of manage(Laudon and Laudon, 2016.) . Tesco needs to know what
they want to plan. They need to plan by analysing their vision, mission and objectives that they
want to achieve.
Organizing
After planning managers of Tesco has to ensure use of resources is done properly so that
task can be finished on stipulated time.. Manager know about money required for business
development. Tesco needs to know the skills and abilities of each and every individual so that
manager becomes able to develop plan according to those skills of their employees.
Staffing
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Managers needs to hire and train effective employees. Hiring employees who have skills
and abilities to complete task on time plays a major role in business sucess. Tesco needs
employees who are able to increase their profitability and able to develop their business at a large
scale.
Directing
Managers of Tesco needs to guide their employees about goal achievement and try to
help to cope up with organizations working. Tesco needs to lead employees to use new
technologies. Managers needs to build confidence that may help in enhancing work effectiveness
among workers.
Controlling
Managers needs to control all the working of their employees in an organization. After
preparing plan and implementing plan managers needs to analyse the working and make sure the
work is done according to the requirement of organization.
leadership theories
Situational leadership
Leaders and managers in Tesco needs to change their style on the basis of the
requirement(Keegan, 2017.) . They change their style by analysing their employees in a
organization.
Telling and directing
Leaders of Tesco needs to direct employees about how they have to work better.
Directing helps employees to cope up with new changes and technologies that are required for
completion of task on time. Leaders needs to direct employees by providing guidelines in the
basis of plan.
Selling and coaching
Theory helps leaders to guide new employees in Tesco who have less or inexperienced
for development of organization. Leaders try to increase the confidence of their employees.
Participating and supporting
Leaders enhance participation of workers in order to get more ideas from them and make
them loyal. Praising their efforts and supporting them helps to motivate and influence
employees. Leaders gives feedback on the work done by employees that helps them to achieve
their goals and objectives.
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Delegating to employees
In this employees of Tesco have a idea what they are doing. They prepare guidelines and
plans for task on their own with little guldens from their superiors. It helps employees to bring
creativity.
System theory of leadership
This theory states that leaders are responsible for creating the atmosphere of system
where employees can work together and can be more productive. This theory focuses on people
behaviour and by analysing their behaviour leaders have to build the system that may support in
motivating employees and enhancing their performance as well.
Increase productivity
Theory helps leaders of Tesco to increase productivity of their business by influencing
their employees. Leaders needs to know the wants and desires of their employees and try to fulfil
those wants of their employees.
Analyse behaviour
Leaders of Tesco needs to analyse the behaviour of their employees so that they are able
to prepare plan.
Bring coordination
In system leadership leaders of Tesco needs to bring employees together and develop
coordination between them. Building coordination helps employees to work in a team
effectively. Team goals are able to achieve effectively and helps employees to develop effective
guidelines for their business.
Control
Leaders needs to control all the working of their employees in Tesco(Heizer, Render and
Munson, 2016.) . As Tesco is a retail company then leaders needs to know that store staff is
working according to requirement. Controlling helps leaders to develop smooth working
Reduces burden from management
Effective leadership helps Tesco to complete their task on time
Contingency leadership
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Leader member relation
Leaders of Tesco needs develop an effective relation with their employees. Leaders needs
to build trust in their subordinates by effective motivation. Familiarizing employees and build
friendly relation helps to influence employees to work effectively.
Task structure
Leaders of Tesco needs to provide clear guidelines to their employees. Guidelines helps
employees to understand task and develop business. Leaders track all performance of their
employees in Tesco.
Positional power
Leaders have the power to influence employees in Tesco. Leaders need to use those
power to reward and punish their employee. Employees who are working effectively towards
development of organization needs to give appraisal, promotion as a reward, employees who are
ineffective and play politics in an organization needs demotion as a punishment.
Different situations
In Tesco whenever an employee play nasty politics or to ruin image of another employee
leader take necessary steps against those employees to make them effective towards goals and
objective of organization and strict and necessary actions are taken against those employees.
When employees are working effectively towards development of organization. Leader
provide them rewards and appreciate them on their efforts. And make effective use of resources
and develop effectiveness of their products and services.
LO3
Key approaches to operations management.
Operations management means Tesco uses some practices or plans that increase
productivity of business (Reid and Sanders, 2019.) .. Operation management helps Tesco to
develop effective use of raw materials and reduces wastage.
Six sigma
This is considered as most effective approach of operation management that workers on
improving process capabilities in business unit. This approach first defines the problem
practically and they analyse this issue by using facts and data. Once problem is identified then
proper statistical solution is find out that should be reliable. After that control over entire plan is
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done so that this issue does not take place in the future again and after taking proper measures
issues of operation management is being resolved in Tesco. This approach is helpful in
addressing issue related to quality, high cost etc. because manager of Tesco closely monitor the
cost occur in each activity and then they analyse such issues to find out proper solution. That
helps in minimising problems and raising quality and efficiency of business unit.
Lean manufacturing
This is another approach that is useful in minimising wastage. Each company wants to
reduce wastage so that operational cost can be controlled. Here manager of tesco first analyses
the needs of consumers and their perspective. After that information are analysed to map the
actual value stream. Once it is done then pull system is established where resource planning is
done so that no resource gets wasted in organisation. This technique is helpful in saving funds
and raising efficiency level of operations. By this way Tesco can become able to offer quality
and satisfactory goods and services to its potential buyers.
Designing
Tesco needs to design a new product. Company needs to analyse the market situations
and requirements of their customers that helps them to design a new product. In designing proper
monitoring and controlling is required and manager and leader plays an important role by
guiding and influencing employees towards work. Leaders helps operations team to select
effective employees who have a skills to achieve the goals of organization on the basis of design.
Designing helps to improve performance of employees in an organization.
Planning
Managers of Tesco helps operations team to make plan and effective use of available
resources. Managers and leaders helps employees to cope up with the changes as new plan and
product comes with new policies and technologies that employees need to adapt. Managers helps
top utilize all resources and reduce wastage and plan for completion of task on time.
Managing
Leaders are able to manage employees in an organization and have abilities to guide
employees. Leaders helps businesses to build an effective team so that task get completed on
time. Leaders motivate and encourage employees towards work and try to develop an effective
work from employees in an organization. Team building improve performance of employees by
effective training and leadership in an organization.
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Coordination
Operations management of Tesco needs coordination in working of organization. Leaders
helps operation team to work effectively(Gibson and Parkman, 2018.) . Leaders influence
employees to work with each other and work on developing employee communication to
develop and team that helps Tesco to achieve their objectives and goals on time. Coordination
between employees helps Tesco to develop business and its performance.
Importance of operations management
Operation management helps to plan for day to day activities of Tesco. Operations
management works to effective use of funds and resources. Operations management helps to
prepare plans and direct employees ton achieve objectives of organization. Managers prepare
plans and strategies for development of organization. Operation management helps Tesco to
design product after effective analysis of market Operations manager works to maintain quality
of the products of business
Achieve objectives
Operation management is important for Business success. They develop plans for Tesco
to complete task on time. Management of work and utilization of resources helps them to achieve
their objectives (Hitt, Xu and Carnes, 2016.) . Tesco needs to develop an effective use of their
managers so that they are able work according to the requirement of organization.
Productivity of employees
Managers helps to develop a schedule for their employees. Managers motivate employees
and influence them towards achievement of personal goals that make employees to work
effectively
Goodwill and presence
When managers work effectively by motivating their employees. Managers of Tesco
helps them to develop goodwill and improve their presence by proper marketing their product
and develop an design that attracts customers towards their products and services.
Able to utilize resources
Managers work to utilize working of an organization. Managers develop a design and
prepare a plan that have effectiveness to utilize all the resources of an organization. If resources
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of Tesco are utilized without any wastage then it increases the profit of the company. Effective
utilization develops smooth working of an organization. Managers make effective use of
employees in an organization that helps to minimize wastage.
Improve motivation of employees
Managers needs to motivate their employees. Managers motivates their employees by
providing them opportunities to take decision building relations with them, praising their efforts
in an organization. Tesco success largely depends on the working of their employees and
managers needs to motivate their employees.
LO4
Factors of business environment effects operation management and decision making
Various factors have impact on operation management activities (Murphy and Johnson,
2016.). Business can be developed by analyzing overall working of an organization.
 CSR: This is considered as essential component that have an impact on operational
effectiveness. If company is managing operations by considering its corporate social
responsibilities then it would be better in creating positive image of firm in the mind of
consumers. By this way productivity will be raised and entity will be able to gain success.
Tesco’s managers ensure that nothing is happen in the firm which is against the CSR,
they monitor the progress and leaders make correct decision so that company can meet its
goal successfully.
 Ethics and value: Tesco always gives value its employees and consumers. It ensures that
its operational activities are as per the ethical guidelines. Managers ensure that all
employees have knowledge about ethics and give them training so that mistakes do not
take place. By this way company becomes able to raise its efficiency level and to satisfy
its potential buyers.
Finance
Tesco analyses the overall environment of business. Operations manager decides the
funds require for overall development of organization. Finance effects overall success of the
organization. Company knows the cost and investment require for completion of task. If
enterprise do not have fund then its operations will be affected, as if poor funds will create
problem in finding actual raw material on time. By this way enterprise will not be able to manage
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operations effectively. Hence managers have to make correct decision of taking managing funds
so that fund wastage can be minimised and operational productivity can be increased.
Human resource
Operation managers needs to know the effective employees that helps in completion of
task on time. Tesco needs to train employees for developing their skills. Companies success
largely depends on human resource available to them and Tesco needs to develop effective use
of the resources. If Tesco fails to get talented staff members then it would not be able to maintain
operational efficiency. But if it has skilled employees then mistakes would be less. Managers
will also be able to handle employees well and utilise their skills well so that operations can be
improved in business unit.
Marketing issues
Business environment effects overall development of organization. If environment is not
effective and Tesco is not able to cope up with the environment where they are going to market
their product then marketing issues for a business arises at a large scale.
Internal relations
If employees relations with each other is not good and conflicts are arising in overall
working of an organization then effects the development of business. Tesco needs to maintain
good relations in their organization it helps them in smooth functioning of their organization.
Business environment effects decision making
Requires Research
Managers and leaders require research on business development. Research helps them to
know the internal environment of their business about the requirement and problems of their
employees that helps them to meet company’s goal.
Employees behaviour
Leaders analyse behaviour of their employees towards functioning of an
organization(Zhao, Thatcher and Jehn 2019.). Leaders needs to know the requirement and wants
of their employees so that they are able to satisfy them to improve their effectiveness towards
organizations goals.
Understand objectives
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Leaders and managers needs to understand the objectives of their organization. They
need to know the vision of their organization so that they are able to develop plan. Managers
know the reason for development of plan and engaging employees with that plan.
Conclusion
Report shows that leader and manager both work for development of organization but at
different backgrounds. Leaders try to motivate employees and get effective work done from them
and managers concentrates on completion of work on time without any engagement with
employees. Leaders works to solve conflicts. Managers works to achieve objectives on time.
Different theories helps leaders to use in different situations so that company can gain
competitive advantage. Operations managers helps to plan and prepare strategies for business
and leaders and managers plays an important role on smooth functioning of those plans..
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References
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