Tesco's Management and Operations: A Comprehensive Report

This report provides a detailed analysis of Tesco's management and operational strategies. It begins with an introduction to the company, its management structure, and the roles of managers and leaders, differentiating between their functions and responsibilities within various business situations. The report explores different leadership models, including situational and contingency theories, and discusses the strengths and weaknesses of leaders. Furthermore, it delves into various management theories such as management by objective, behavioral, and contingencies theory. The report then examines key operational functions, including approaches to enhance organizational value and achieve objectives. It evaluates the roles of leaders and managers, identifies internal and external factors impacting the business environment, and assesses how operational efficiencies can be achieved to successfully meet business objectives. The report concludes with a critical evaluation of operations management applications and their impact on the wider business environment.

Management and Operations

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
Section A..........................................................................................................................................1
An introduction to the chosen organisation and its management structure................................1
Definition of manager and leader along with their difference related to role and functions with
reference to various situation......................................................................................................2
Models of approach in leadership as by assessing the strength and weakness...........................4
Different Theories of management and leadership like management of objective, behavioural
and contingencies theory.............................................................................................................5
Section 2...........................................................................................................................................6
An introduction to key operation functions................................................................................6
Explain the key operational management approaches to enhance an organizational value and
achieve objectives.......................................................................................................................7
Evaluate the role of leaders and managers through different approaches...................................9
Identify and assess different internal and external factors within the business environment...10
Evaluate how operational efficiencies can be achieved to successfully meet business
objectives..................................................................................................................................11
Critically evaluate application of operations management that impact on the wider business
environment..............................................................................................................................11
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................13
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................14

INTRODUCTION
Management and Operation are one of important functions that is performed in every
organisation. Operational management is to done by performing various activities related to
planning, organising, staffing, directing, supervising and controlling in context of manufacturing,
production and also related to service to increase productivity of organisation (Addo-Tenkorang,
and Helo, 2016). The company that is selected for this report is Tesco. It has its headquarter in
Welwyn Garden City, England as it is a third largest retailer in world. It was founded by Jack
Cohen in 1919 and globally expanded in other countries also. Various topics related to
introduction and management structure of Tesco, description about manager and leader and
difference in their role and function with reference to diverse situation in a business are to be
analysing in this project. In addition various theories and models of leadership including
situational system as well as contingencies leadership are covered under assignment. The report
also covers different contemporary theories of management and leadership as like management
by objective, behavioural and contingencies theory.
Section A
An introduction to the chosen organisation and its management structure
Tesco is an organisation that is chosen for this report. It is a British multinational retailer
of groceries and general merchandise with having their headquarters in Welwyn Garden City,
England. In provisions of gross revenues it is the third largest company and ninth largest
measured by revenues. In U.K. it plays a role of market leader in groceries and it also diversify
their business in various other areas like clothing, furniture, books, electronic, toys, software,
financial services, internet and telecom services etc. Organisational structure is to be followed in
this organisation. To work effectively and efficiently, specific hierarchical management system
is adopted in company. Its obligation and policies are also bifurcate into many parts in the
structure. Roles of different persons are to be defined in this approach to avoid confusion and
chaos in the business premises. This structure includes top level, mediate level and base level.
Top level: All the powers to take major decisions are to be given to top management of
Tesco. CEO, CFO, Executive as well as Non Executive directors, key Managerial person,
Company Secretary, Compliance officer perform all the supervisory function in the organisation.

They represent their company in the domestic as well as international market (Choi, Cheng and
Zhao, 2016).
Middle level: It includes Manager, Assistant Manager, Vice President and various other
officers of different department. They act a role of mediator between top managers and ground
staff and maintain coordination between both the level in Tesco. All the major decision related to
investment, finance, secretarial, issue of securities, debentures are performed by top management
only. Marketing, advertising, administrative task, personal relations are some other functions
that are performed by them in this middle level (Damnjanovic and Røed, 2016).
Bottom level: The managers in this level directs their reports to the middle level
executive. All the major decision related to store in their region are taken by Regional Manager
and each store has separate store manager. Employees There is a direct contact with common
people on daily basis is become possible with the help of employees working in this level in
Tesco.
Definition of manager and leader along with their difference related to role and functions with
reference to various situation.
Manager is a person who handle all the administrative work related to planning,
organising, staffing, directing, controlling etc. for proper functioning of the organisation. There
are various department are there in Tesco and separate managers are appointed for every
department that helps to manage working and make proper control also.
Leader is an individual who helps to achieve the target effectively as well as efficiently
by giving instructions and directions to their respective team members. By providing guidance
they can motivate their employees that tends to increase their confidence level as it become
beneficial for both team members and leaders. In Tesco each department has different leaders
who give instructions to their subordinates at regular interval of time and also provide guidance
in proper way. All the work are to be perform as per their guidelines in the organisation (Heizer,
Render and Munson, 2017).
Role of leader: Leader plays a crucial role in team to give instruction to their team
members so they perform various roles such as delegator, decision maker, listener, Influencer,
Strategist, Team player, Coach in the company. In Tesco leaders understand problems of their
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employees that they are facing in relation to job responsibilities then provide right assistance to
employees that can help to increase job satisfaction.
Manager's role: All the management functions are performed by manager and they also
handle the situation by performing a role of monitor, resource allocator, leader, spokesperson,
disturbance Handler etc. The manager of Tesco setting the goals of organisation and allocate the
resources between employees according to their skills and talent that can helps to increase the
sales and organisational profitability (Hill, and Hill, 2017).
Functions of leader: Various function are perform by leaders in Tesco. Setting targets,
initializing action, making coordination, direction, motivation, improves morale and motivation
of their team members, manage the time well, make the proper business environment to work,
they perform the functions of intermediary etc. are some function that is followed by every
leader.
Functions performed by manager: Planning, organising, staffing, implementing,
controlling etc. are some important function that is performed by every manager in Tesco.
Planning: It is the duty of manager to make plan of their work and choosing the best
alternative among available. To achieve the target it is necessary to perform proper planning as
it is the first step of any management.
Organising: Organising the resource in a proper manner is the major function performed
by every manager of Tesco in every department that can help to manage all activities and
functions in relation to super market (Ivanov and et. al., 2020).
Staffing: As human resource of Tesco are the assets of every organisation so proper
staffing is need to done because all the work is performed by humans only. Proper allocation of
human resource is the important function that is to be performed by company
Directing: It involves directions and instruction by managers of the company as they
giving the way of achieving the targets. It is a continuous functions that are to be performed by
every management team. In chosen company manager provide proper guidance and instruction
to their employees, resulting high performance and profitability.
Controlling: Proper controlling is to be done by managers to avoid mistakes and
deficiencies. Controlling is to be done time to time on regular basis so that there is less chance of
wastage in terms of time and raw material is there.
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Models of approach in leadership as by assessing the strength and weakness
Theories of leadership
Various different theories are adopted by leaders in Tesco at the time of performing their
leadership some of these are theories based on behaviour, contingencies, trait, power and
influence. Great man theory, Trait theory, situational theory, behaviour theory, and contingency
theory are other important theories that must be followed by leaders. Some theories must be
explain in detail in below mentioned paragraphs (Magon and et. al., 2018).
Situational theory: This works on the basis of assumption that style of leadership
changes as according to given situation. To make their leadership effective different styles and
approaches are to adapt by leader in Tesco. It includes Hersey and Blanchard's theories in this
four approaches are to be identifies such as Telling, selling, participating, delegating it also
covers four levels also level M1, M2, M3, M4. Goleman's Model, Normative decision theory
covers most favourable quantity of time plus group contribution that should be devoted to a
decision. Number of options are available in this regard some of these are that they can take
decision entirely by them, consultation with individual members is to be done, to take decision
they can use information from team members.
System theory: It is also known as social system theory. It enables that leader create the
situation in such a way that people perform their work with great productivity at all levels. In
Tesco various theories of different models are to be followed by expert leaders for effective
results (Nair and Reed‐Tsochas, 2019).
contingency theory: This approach states that success is not only depends on abilities of
leader. Some other factors are also plays great role with regards to this. It is a quiet simple
approach that states, people with different abilities perform different work in their field. In Tesco
each leader has its own skills, communication, abilities, experience, ways and preference that
may not be universally successful in all leadership roles.
Strength of leaders at the time performing leadership
 Easily connecting with people
 Self awareness
 Situational awareness
 excellent communication skills
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 effective negotiation skills
 Making complex ideas simple
 Prioritization
 Keeping the word by not disclosing
 listening
 Thinking ahead
 Moving quickly to grasp opportunities
 Empathy
Weakness of leader
 Lack of trust in employees: As there are large number of employees are working in
Tesco so there is need of team leader required so that proper guidance is provided time
to time but team leader do not delegate their authority to their subordinates due to lack of
trust in employees.
 Excessive connectivity: Due to this misunderstanding between leaders and team
members creates in Tesco that puts negative impact on the performance also.
 failing to set clear expectations: It is major issue face in Tesco by leaders as they fails to
set their targets that creates problem and also waste time (Radnor and Bateman, 2016).
 Stagnancy: The danger of getting stuck in their ways are generally faced by the leaders
in tesco. It is the duty of leader to take feedback time to time to stay adaptive as feedback
is most important piece of information, to the success of any company.
 Hypocrisy: Leaders set some examples for their team if they want that their team
members respect and listen leader, their rules should be followed by them also. But in
Tesco leaders not listen the views of their team members and even they do not give
respect also so there is always a chaos and disturbance created in the working
environment.
Different Theories of management and leadership like management of objective, behavioural and
contingencies theory.
Theories of management: Various theories are followed by managers of Tesco like
principles of administrative management theory, human relations, scientific, system
management, contingencies, Bureaucratic and X and Y theory, management of objectives,
behaviour and contingencies theory. Some of these are explain in detail in below mention
paragraphs
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Management of objective: It is an approach related to performance of management that
makes employees goals towards organisation goal as it is a joint target. In Teco focus on new
ideas and innovation are done by increasing commitment. Various conditions are set by this
organisation and that must be met by Tesco managers These conditions are as follows:
 With employees objectives are to be determine.
 It must be formulated as per qualitative as well as quantitative level.
 There must be a motivating and challenging objectives are to be set.
 Daily feedback must be taken time to time
 Proper follow up is done
 Rewards related to appreciation, monetary perquisites, incentives are given to
motivate employees.
 By avoiding punishment basic principal of development and growth are adopted.
Theories of leaderships : As there are various theory of leadership are followed by every leader
to achieve their targets. Some of these are explain in below paragraphs.
Behavioural theory: It explains the behaviour of human after doing proper analysation.
The thing that effects the behaviour of leader in different situation and combination of different
leadership styles are considered in this theory. Tesco adopts this theory after analysing all the
relevant situation (Victorino and et. al., 2018).
Contingencies theory: It includes various factors such as favourableness, motivation,
roles, practices, motivation, transformational leadership, non leadership etc. Type of traits, skills,
behaviour are displayed in various situations in Tesco.
Section 2
An introduction to key operation functions
The key operations functions are an importance working aspect within the business as in
this the different working operations and its fundamentals is acknowledge so that productive
outcome is conceived in timely basis. The operation business of Tesco defines suitable
responsibility as from which creation of different goods and services is processed so that
effective and efficient changes are attained in timely basis (Burns, 2018). It basically involve
planning, organising, controlling, mentoring, coordinating and implementing of various inputs so
that appropriate ending is attained that has resulted in achievement of favoured outcome. In
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addition there is different basis of operation management of Tesco such as planning, budgeting,
initiating projects, driving performance, managing other individual and hiring of new staff. It is
usually managed and controlled by the management of Tesco and in this they have ensure that
optimised result is obtained through which working performance and its potential is developed.
Operation function also assists to gain effective outcome as from the working operations by
which suitable responsibilities is achieved within better suitability. In context to Tesco its key
operation function is as explained below as: Finance: It is an essential aspect that is required to be managed and for this management
make sure that all the asset and liabilities are utilised appropriately (Choi, 2018). In this
Tesco and its management must ensure that creation and development of goods and
services is managed due to which customer's need and requirement is satisfied with
perfection. Operations: It is a basic function of management and in this effective concern is
maintained towards conversion of raw material into valuable goods and services so that
customer need and demand is fulfilled. Strategy: It basically refer to development of different strategies and tactics that is used to
make optimised outcome along with this supply chain management, sales, working
capabilities and effective utilisation of resource is managed in controlled manner.
 Forecasting: It is the basis phenomenon in which management has estimate adequate
resources that is required to implement while fulfilling demand of customer's on
continuous basis.
Explain the key operational management approaches to enhance an organizational value and
achieve objectives.
The key operational administration approach defines suitable framework that is utilised
by Tesco as in order to accomplish desirable outcome within timely manner. The organisational
values define its working standard under which all the different consequences is processed in
ordinate mode (Cole, Stevenson and Aitken, 2019). It is being used to accomplish standardised
objectives and target within which possibilities to complete the task and action within certain
instance is increases. The leader and manager of Tesco must have uses different approaches and
that is as explained below as:
Six sigma: It is a practice that is being used by Tesco in order to decreases the negative
impact from working operations through which appropriate suitability is maintained. In this
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management works with data-driven approach so that all the defect of manufacturing process is
managed. It actually develop various opportunities for Tesco by which they have promote their
quality working and it is processed in support of DMAIC process and it is described below as:
D- Defining of aims and targets
M-Measurement of supportive elements
A- Analytic thinking
I- Improvisation in work
C- Controlled working
Lean principle: It is a principle that is works on to reduces the tendency of waste
reduction as from this both production and operational costing is managed (Faruk, 2018). In this
Tesco works on to reduce working cost so that profit margin enhances by which more benefits in
terms of revenue is attained. In this resistive performance of Tesco is recovered by which
affordable ending is resulted in so that elimination of redundancy is managed with adequacy.
Total quality management: It is a process through which Tesco get ensure about the
consistency among different products and services (Glock, 2019). It actually works with prior
components that are as planning, assurance, control and management in which focus is
maintained towards quality and service enhancement. It is a continuous procedure through which
supply chain is managed by which defect and disruption is removed in satisfactorily format.
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Evaluate the role of leaders and managers through different approaches
There are different approaches that is used to achieve standardised objective with better
efficiency and for this both leader and manager has performed its adequate role and
responsibilities so that suitable working is managed and it is as explained below as:
The role of manager and leader in Six Sigma:
Role of leader: In this leader has developed ownership by which enhancing employee’s
involvement by which effective decision-making is processed. It addition leader also facilitate
and empower employee’s success and development and it is processed while devolving authority
efficiencies (Leiras, 2019.). Thus achievement of strategic vision and mission is addressed along
with this engagement of employee’s also get enhanced.
Role of manager: The manager of Tesco must have maintain worked on to develop
productiveness within which creation and development of positive surround is enhanced. A
manager also tries to build motivation and innovation so that retention processing is improved by
which employee’s job satisfaction are increases.
The role of manager and leader in Lean principle:
Role of leader: In this leader of Tesco works for to build effectiveness as while building
trust within workers by which their skills, experience and knowledge is getting advances. Leader
has micromanage all the task as by prioritising actions so that right work is processed at right
time.
Role of manager: In this manager works for to make optimised outcome from
production and in this quality services is produces (Meredith and Shafer, 2019). Manager of Teso
also provide suitable direction and guidance by which achievement of target become easier and
flexible as well.
The role of manager and leader in Total quality management:
Role of leader: In this leader work on to provide adequate pathway by which it is easy
for employee’s to perform its working with effectiveness. In this leader takes its responsibility
within which ensure that task is completed with better sufficiency.
Role of manager: The manager of Tesco ensure that quality working is processed by
which adequate potential within employee’s is developed. In this both short and long term goals
is accomplished with suitability and perfection.
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Identify and assess different internal and external factors within the business environment
The internal and external factors within the business environment have direct impact over
decision-making of both manager and leader within operation management and it is as explained
below as:
Internal factors: These are those factors that are preferred by Tesco so as to control both
tangible and intangible benefits are achieved within particular time period (Reid and Sanders,
2019). There are different internal factor that is as illustrate below as:
Human resource: It reflects workforce abilities through which better economy of scale is
achieved. As all the operation of Tesco is dependent on practical skills, performance and attitude
of workers towards work. It is an asset of Tesco as if workers are more skilled and motivated
then it is easy for manager to provide adequate task to all as per specified knowledge. In addition
leader provides guidance to workers and in this easy accessibility is processed with perfection.
Capital resources: It is based on financial funding that is required while accomplishing
certain task and actions. It basically involve certain investments in factories, machinery, tools
and equipments by which productive working is processed along with this also include intangible
resources as well such as marketing, training etc. In this manager make sure that effective
utilisation of resources is addressed and for this maintain budget accordingly. On the other hand
leader ensures to gain better stability while completing certain target and objectives (Russell and
Taylor, 2019).
External factors: It includes those elements that have direct impact over suitable
adjustment and in this management of Tesco develop marketing plan so that adaptable changes is
implemented. There is various external factors that is as define below as:
Economic situation: It define certain situation that assist to gain certain success as it
include inflation rate, taxation rate, interest rate, crisis etc. condition that has direct impact over
buyer consumption and company's profitability. In this manager tries to get in contact with
market credibility so that sustain relationship is developed in timely basis. While leader
motivates an individual by which internal working is processed with perfection and lesser
amount of wastage is developed so as to increase profit margin of business.
Technological factor: It defines technical advancement that is induced by Tesco to make
balance improvement within working (Saucedo-Martínez, 2018). In this manager tries that
adequate machinery is being used through which within lesser time period appropriate outcome
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is achieved. On other hand leader ensure that workers easily accept technical advances and in
this better ongoing is accepted.
Evaluate how operational efficiencies can be achieved to successfully meet business objectives
Operational efficiencies state better processing within Tesco and in this working
sufficiency is advances on repetitive basis. Tesco works with diversified range of products and
services thus it is essential that they have maintain clear concern toward accomplishment of
work. It help to achieve successful objectives and describe below as:
 Planning: In this manager design suitable path through which quality working is
emphasised. In this they have uses moderate strategy so that objectives is completed with
perfection.
 Organising: In this management ensure that different action is performed with
affordability and thus accomplishment of work become more clear and transparent.
 Directing: In this manager offer certain opportunity to all the employee’s so that they
have completed their task with sufficiency. In addition leader must have coordinate with
others by which probability of favourable ending is enhances.
 Controlling: The manager of Tesco works over with different situation and find the most
suitable way out of all. In this leader make sure that adequate control of different
condition is arranged (Slack and Brandon-Jones, 2018).
Tesco make use of total quality management within which wastage is being controlled
with adequacy. In this business make sure that effective utilisation of resources is processed by
which ability to achieve long terms goals is enhances along with this market share also get
increases.
Critically evaluate application of operations management that impact on the wider business
environment
The effective decision-making is being processed by Tesco as it have wider impact on
business environment and it is as explained below as:
CSR: It is an application through which Tesco works on to develop attractiveness among
market so that customer acceptability is increases in sustained mode. In relation to Tesco, its
manager works on to enhance market image of its product by which effective values is
processed. Leader take corresponding decision-making so that amount of wastage is reduced
with effectiveness.
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Ethics: It is related to different procedure that is performed as by providing certain
priority to its customer's and stakeholders (Wong, 2020). Manager identifies all the loopholes so
that complexity is removed and equal benefits are provided to workers. While leader make sure
quality working is progressed so that productivity among working is achieved with effectiveness.
Sustainability: It reflects market acceptance from which Tesco works for to make
supportive alternation in order to gain long term sustainability. The manager ensures that
innovation and creation is induced so that customer attraction is increases. It also helps to make
better benefits from competitive marketplace.
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CONCLUSION
It has been concluded from the above report that management and operation is the basic
phenomenon under which business has shown its concern about the enhancement of profitability
and performance. In this both leader and manager perform its suitable role and function as per
according to different situations and condition. In addition operation management is being
controlled and managed by the business so that adequate appreciation is achieved. Furthermore,
effective relationship in flanked by leadership and management is managed i006E the
contemporary business environment and for this different theory are used like lean principles,
total quality management as well as six sigma.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
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