Management and Operations: Leadership and Store Management

This report provides a comprehensive analysis of management and operations, focusing on leadership styles, store management, and operational strategies within Tesco. The introduction outlines the significance of management and operations, emphasizing the roles of leaders and managers in achieving high profits and controlling product and service quality. Task 1 compares and contrasts the roles of managers and leaders, examining their responsibilities, characteristics, and similarities. It also delves into different leadership approaches, including situational, systems, and contingency leadership, evaluating their strengths and weaknesses. Task 2 explores the role and functions of a store manager, particularly in relation to different approaches to operations management, such as the Just-In-Time approach. The report highlights the importance of operations management in enhancing efficiency, meeting store objectives, and considering influencing factors. The report concludes by summarizing the key findings and insights into Tesco's operational strategies.

MANAGEMENT AND
OPERATIONS

TABLE OF CONTENT
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................3
Differences and similarities between leader and manager.....................................................3
Different approaches of leadership.........................................................................................5
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................7
Role and Functions of a Store Manager with regard to different approaches to operations
management............................................................................................................................7
Importance of Operations Management and the enhanced efficiency provided by managers
and leaders to meet the store objectives.................................................................................9
Influencing factors of the business.......................................................................................11
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................13
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................14

INTRODUCTION
Management and operations are major terms of organization, where management
manages all functions and activities of the organization. Management and operations are
completely supervises by the administration of the company. Manager in the company always try
to systematically manage all operations for gain high profit in the market. There are some
leadership theories which also included below which fully describe the role of a leader in the
business operations. Through operations' management, leader and manager able to control on
quality of products and services. This report is discusses management and operations aspects of
Tesco (a UK's leading retail company). This report also included value of effective leadership
and management in business operations of the company. There are various internal and external
factors are also mentioned below which highly influencing activities of company.
TASK 1
Differences and similarities between leader and manager
Managers are those who have a control on business decision- making, on departments of
organization, guiding employees, etc. Manager is in-charge of all activities which are taking
place in organization. Whereas a leader is a person who leads group of same organization,
guiding them, reaching objectives of organization, motivating employees, etc.
Basis of Comparison Managers Leaders
ROLE
Vision and Goals  Manager creates goals and
objectives for company so
that they can have a
direction. Tesco managers
create goals for
organization which are
going to make organization
function for a long run
(Arruda, 2016).
 Leader creates a vision for
employees which needs to
be achieved in short goals
so that they do not fell
pressured seeing bigger
objective which are made
by managers.
Control Risk and
Risk Taking
 There is a control on risk
which managers consider
 There is an involvement of
risk in decisions which are

while taking decisions so
that company does not have
to face any negative impact
in the future.
taken by leaders so that
there is a learning and
exploring in organization
so that employees are
motivated and do not make
mistakes in the future.
Direction and
Coaching
 Managers of Tesco give a
direction which they must
follow so that there is a
clarity in work and
functioning of Tesco can
take place smoothly.
 Coaching employees is
done by leaders so that
standards of Tesco can be
maintained and
organization does not have
to face any negative impact
because of that reason.
Similarities  Objectives- Managers set objectives and roles which has to be
done by employees of Tesco so that objectives of organization
can be met. Whereas leaders function is also same which is
allocating roles and objectives to employees is done by leaders
which is why managers and leaders are similar.
 Profit- Aim of managers is to achieve maximum profit in
market. Same is done by leaders which is work for making
organization get most revenue for future growth of organization.
Tesco expanding themselves and it is very important for them to
get revenue so that they can expand themselves in the future.
 Vision- Focus is on visions so that organization can work
properly. Focus of leaders of Tesco is also on vision of company
so that work can be completed on time.
Characteristic of Manager-

 Experience- Experience has to be present in a manager so that they can make right
decisions for Tesco which is a very important factor which will make company work
efficiently.
 Knowledge- Knowledge of the managers has to be strong, and they must be aware about
all changes happening in market so that they can take decisions for Tesco accordingly
(Korzynski and Baczynska, 2017). Delegation- Delegation of work has to be done in organization so that functioning of
organization can be maintained which is the work of managers.
Characteristic of Leaders-
 Confidence- Confidence of leading in leaders of groups in organization must be there so
that there is a better functioning.
 Positive Attitude- Positive attitude so that leaders can maintain a healthy environment
for employees of Tesco to work in so that productivity level of employees does not fall. Honesty- Honesty is very important in leaders so that employees can maintain the
efficiency of leaders in Tesco.
Similarities in Characteristic of Leader and Manager-
 Communication- Communication is a skill which manager must have so that decisions
which are being taken can be conveyed to all employees of Tesco. So should the leaders
of the organization must have these skills which will enable them to get a sense of clarity
in organization so that objectives can be met from time to time.
 Time management- Time management skills should be present in managers so that
objectives and goals of Tesco can be met from time to time. So should the leader have
these skills which will help the organization to reach their vision faster.
Different approaches of leadership
Leadership is an art of motivating a group of employees so that the objectives of
organization can be met. There are different kinds of approaches of leadership which are
situational leadership, systems leadership and contingency leadership.
 Situational Leadership

Situational leadership is when there is an adjustment of style by leader or manager of
organization so that there is a better functioning of organization. It is up to leaders as to how they
want to change style and meet needs of people in organization (Reunanen and Kaitonen, 2017).
Strengths: Situational leadership approach creates a comfortable environment for
employees. Leaders of companies must use this method when managers are getting technological
changes in organization so that they can make employees more comfortable in working
atmosphere and motivate them. There is flexibility which will be got in organization when this
method is used and will lead to better team work in business. Weaknesses: Technological
changes are a long term process and this approach will not be favourable for organization to use
since this is an absence of long term goals when this approach is used. Leaders which are not
skilled will not be able to deal and give justice to this approach. Leaders which are not
experienced will not know how to use this approach in the right manner and can lead to a lot of
problems for the future run of businesses. In democratic style there will be inexperienced
employees giving suggestions as well and making decisions according to them can be very risky
and organizations will not be able to make profit.
 Systems Leadership
In this approach, leaders in Tesco create conditions in which all employees at all levels
can work productively so that there potential can be met (Day and Armstrong, 2016).
Strengths: This approach can increase loyalty of employees by improving employee's
morale. Objectives of organization are met which is very beneficial for organization for long run
in market. Demands of customers can be met but it will take time. This way organizations can
make a lot of revenue for themselves over all which is going to be very beneficial for them.
Companies which are having expansion plans for future therefore it is very important that they
have a good income revenue. Weaknesses: There will be a delay in decision- making in
organization which will lead to delay in achieving objectives. Demands of customers increase,
and they must be fulfilled by organization as fast as possible but using this approach businesses
will not be able to meet demand of customers soon. Specially when there is an introduction of
new project then there have to be decisions made faster but using this theory that will not be
possible. Job description clarity has to be present otherwise productivity level will reduce instead
of increasing.
 Contingency Leadership

Leader must match leadership style with situational which will help organizations in
market to have an effective functioning for themselves. Situational theory is just a part of it and
this is most effective approach for leaders to have to make organizational functioning or
processing take place effectively (Cote, 2017).
Strengths: This theory helps leaders to increase there decision- making skills and since
this approach is dynamic in nature it can change according to situations in front of leaders.
Situation in front of leaders and managers in this case is that there are conflicts which are there in
organization which needs to solved by leaders in right manner so that productivity of
organization does not decrease.
Weaknesses: Drawback of this approach is that it is very complex in nature and when
applied it gets even more complex. Being to complex in nature leaders will have to be very sure
if they need to use this approach for solving conflicts in organization. In some cases using this
method makes situation even more complicated to understand. Organizations in market must
know how to make decisions the fastest so that they can function better than competitors and that
is not possible if this method is used. Being to complex in nature using this method will be risky
for Tesco since they have got a very good portfolio for themselves.
Situational leadership is very much applicable in case of businesses getting a technology
change in organization using democratic style of leadership. There are a lot of factors which will
be the strengths and weaknesses for the organization. On the other hand, contingency leadership
can be applied in case of organization having a conflict in organization which is affecting
productivity of organization then leaders and managers will have to deal with this situation and
strengths and weaknesses for this approach in this situation. As well as system leadership can be
used in case for meeting the increase of demand, organization must change leadership style so
that productivity of organization can increase then strengths and weaknesses of this approach.
TASK 2
Role and Functions of a Store Manager with regard to different approaches to operations
management
Operations management is defined as administration of business practices within an
organization to attain highest level of possible efficiency. It is concerned with maximizing profit
of an organization with the help of efficient conversion of labour and materials into goods and

services. It is used to achieve highest possible operating profit with help of balancing costs with
revenue. Involves economical utilization of resources such as staff, materials, technology,
equipment, and staff (Are you aware of the domain of Operations Management?, 2020).
Operations managers must work to acquire, develop, and further deliver finished goods to
customers in most economical way, fulfilling customer needs keeping in check the abilities of
organization. As manager of a large retail store such as Tesco, different methods of operational
management techniques are effectively utilized in order to ensure better profit generation for
store. Main approaches of operation management that can be used by a manager working in a
large retail store are as follows.
Just In Time Approach (JIT)
JIT is defined as an approach that largely focuses on reducing inventory costs, and further
increasing profits (Hirano, 2016). A large retail store dealing in fast moving customer goods
(FMCG), such as Tesco does face a need to allot a large space for inventory of goods in order to
ensure easy replacement of sold out goods on time. In order to efficiently utilize store area and
accommodate multiple display line of goods, these inventory spaces are either present in store
basements or in a nearby warehouse to store. In both cases additional cost are to be spent by
store owner. Furthermore, storage of diary products that expire in a short time also poses a
challenge for store owners, since an air-conditioned facility is required for the same. Hence, it is
the role of a store manager to work towards minimizing such inventory costs effectively using
just in time approach. A resourceful manager must function to strike suitable negotiations with
nearby located suppliers to deliver easily perishable products as and when required. Similar
usage of such approach in Tesco retail store resulted in reduced inventory costs and better
optimization of storekeeper time. A manager must also function to plan and deliver in time all
goods required by customers on shop floor. This includes an optimized usage of process flow
between raw material and finished products ready for customer utilization. Proper utilization of
previous sales trends by a manager can also help in minimizing the space used to store less
popular goods in store. Such goods can be then readily be ordered from local suppliers resulting
in reduced warehouse needs and accompanying expenses.
Total Quality Management (TQM)
TQM refers to an approach of operational management wherein better customer
satisfaction and service is achieved using organization wide efforts (Bouranta, Psomas and

Pantouvakis, 2017). Individuals working at any level of operations on shop floor in Tesco, do
come face to face with immediate customers that visit the store. With inflow of thousands of
customers every day, all communication established between a store employee and customer do
contribute to overall buying experience as observed by customer. It is the role of a store manager
to maintain a good quality customer service and satisfaction. Therefore, a store manager must
function towards improvement of both employee and customer experience inside store. A
possible method to do the same is by adopting a TQM approach to satisfy needs of both parties.
Following main TQM phases of plan, do, check and act, it is the role of a manager to find out
major problems faced by employees and customers. Possible distribution of online feedback
forms can be a suitable way of capturing customers and employees concerns alike. These
problems identified as a major issue faced by both parties is to be recorded. It is role of a
manager to develop a suitable strategy to counter problem accompanying fair participation of all
employees. Any suggested strategy by the manger must be tested on the shop floor. All the found
improvements must be recorded. If deemed fit, the necessary improvements must be
accommodated in operations by manager. It is also role of a store manager to keep a continuous
evaluation of all strategies implemented. Using a similar approach in Tesco, positive
improvements in business management were observed. Since, a continual practise of TQM
methods proved helpful in better management of Tesco stores, it is recommended to all
functional retail managers to utilize the same.
Kaizen
Kaizen is defined as an approach that focus on continuous improvement, based on idea of
ongoing small positive changes reaping major improvements in long run (Kumar, Dhingra and
Singh, 2018.). In order to keep an organization ahead of competitors, it is role of a manager to
promote and welcome continuous positive changes in organization. It is the function of a
manager to provide a suitable plan of action in order to accommodate such a programme in
organization. Furthermore, it is role of manager to encourage employees and customers to
provide with such new changes using reward policies for same. A suitable involvement of such
methods have largely benefited overall functioning of Tesco stores in general, leading to better
efficiency and reduced expenses in long run.

Importance of Operations Management and enhanced efficiency provided by managers and
leaders to meet store objectives
Operations management plays a vital role in successful overall run of any project or
organization. Usage of various operations management approaches in any organization provides
increased efficiency and profits to organization. Major importance of these approaches are as
follows(Slack and Brandon-Jones, 2018).
 Achievement of objectives on time: Operations management help to achieve pre-
determined objectives in set time period. They ensure that all activities required are
completed on time, with help of continuous monitoring of all tasks done. In Tesco,
managers are encouraged to devise better strategies to achieve required goals in time.
Team leaders also work towards completion of sales target on time by providing
necessary tips and tricks to sales associates in order to increase overall efficiency of the
method required to achieve targets.
 Increasing productivity of operations: Operations management also improves
productivity of operations in an oganization. It measures and checks employee
performance in an organization, further helping a manager to develop suitable training
exercises in order to improve employee performance. Managers work towards providing
necessary guidance and training to employees in order to increase their efficiency. Team
leaders also provide sales associates with suitable trainings required to increase their
skills to provide better sales. Hence, increasing the overall productivity of operations in
the organization.
 Enhancing goodwill: Operations management also plays a crucial role in enhancing
goodwill and market presence of organization. With help of on time delivery of quality
products to customers, it helps in long term retention and satisfaction of customers. Thus,
promoting a positive and customer friendly image of organization in society. Managers in
Tesco, largely focus on improving customer experience by providing them with quality
products to satisfy their needs. Team leaders also work towards a polite presentation of
sales associates to provide better customer service, in turn enhancing goodwill of
company.
 Optimum utilization of resources: It also, leads to an optimum utilization of all present
resources in organization. Providing a better and continual check by managers on

resources used, it helps in minimizing any wastes generated and in sustainable use of
resources. Furthermore, team leaders also indulge in process of sustainable usage of
articles such as fliers, boards etc. This leads to an efficient way of resource utilization.
 Motivate Employees: Operations management helps to motivate employees towards
their respective roles. Operations managers help employees to perform their job roles
with supplying necessary guidance and trainings for same. These managers also help in
boosting morale of employees with issuing benefits and rewards to them based in their
performance level. Team leaders thus act as a prime source of motivation for sales
executives in order to boost sales. Hence, it can be stated that operations management do
play a vital role in overall success of an organization. Furthermore, it can also be
observed that managers and team leaders also play a pivotal role in increasing efficiency
of achieving set objectives of store.
Influencing factors of the business
There are various factors exiting within the Tesco's business environment which highly
influencing the decision-making of leaders and managers. There are included some external and
internal factors below;
External Factors
1. Political factors: This factors is highly influencing the decision-making of leaders and
managers within Tesco (Glor, 2018). Any change in politcal scenario of the country can
have impact on the operations of the company. Suppose government of the United
Kingdom impose taxation on retail companies which can make operations related to taxes
difficult. This situation influences to the manager to take specific decisions for fulfil
taxation formalities. Leaders need to implement manager's decisions at workplace.
2. Social factors: Most people in UK are literate and have high quality living. They ready
to give any cost to buy quality products. So, it will have a strong impact on operations of
company like it has to focus on the quality of its products and services. These factors
influence to manager to take decisions for improve the quality of products and services.
These factors are also influence to leaders to encourage their employees to improve
quality. Leaders take decisions to develop communication skills of their employees at
workplace, because leaders knows with the effective communication skills the company
will able to build large customer base in market.

3. Economic Factor: Currently economic condition of United Kingdom is too favourable
for the Tesco. So, country's economic condition is favourable for Tesco to increase its
business operation for gaining more profits. Manager can take many decisions to gain
huge advantages from UK's healthy economy. UK is one of the richest countries in the
world, in which people are here easily able to afford products and services of Tesco.
Leaders are also taken decisions to motivate their employees for run all production
processes in fast manner.
4. Technology: Technology is highly influences the operational activities of the company.
As, UK is investing in technology for improving technical standards of the country, so
company have an opportunity to make their operations much more technical. This also
influence decision-making of managers and leaders, because the UK's technology aspect
is very helpful in the growth of Tesco. Currently there are various technological gadgets
and equipment are available in market. By using these latest gadgets and equipment the
Tesco is able to highly improve its performance on global retail industry. Manager taken
decisions for use the latest technology within operations (Ghahramani, 2016). Leaders
taken decisions for implement this technology in various departments of the company.
Leaders taken decisions also to teach the value of high technology to their employees.
Internal Factors
1. Goodwill: Currently Tesco has great goodwill in international market. So it really
important for the company to maintain goodwill which can be done by improving the
operations of the company. Tesco also have large customer base across United Kingdom.
Main reason behind this high goodwill is, the company providing its quality products and
services for long time in the market. Customers are also very satisfied with the company.
So, the manager take decisions for gain huge competitive advantage in the market on the
basis of current customer base. Leaders are also taken responsibility to more effectively
work in the company for gain more market value.
2. Weak market strategies: Tesco's marketing department is not much effective. The
marketing strategies which the company uses are completely traditional this decreases
quality of operations of the company no matter the Tesco offers high quality products and
services. The latest and modern marting strategies are missing in its marketing
campaigns. So, on the basis of these weaknesses' manager take decisions to improve their

marketing activities. Leaders provide specific training to the marketing team for work
effectively in marketing campaigns.
3. Business Expansion Plan: Tesco currently providing their products and services in
many countries, but here is it still able to more expand their business operations in
international market. (Sherman, 2019). Surely business expansion does affect the
operations of company, it will make operations functions more and more complex.
Manager take decisions for expand their business operations in new markets segments to
increase current profit. Leaders take decisions to motivate their team members or
employees for work hard, because hard work is very necessary to expand the business.
4. Exclusiveness: Currently here is high competition in the UK's retail industry, in which
the manager take decisions for produce exclusive range of products for gain huge people
attention in market. So, company have to produce unique products in te market which
can be done by improving the operations of the company. Leaders take decisions for
systematically controlling the quality of products and services, because poor quality put
brand's negative impression on customers.
CONCLUSION
It can be concluded that leaders and managers effectively uses their own skills at
workplace for gain productive results from all operations. There also exists various difference
and similarities between the leaders and managers in terms of roles and responsibilities. There
are various leadership approaches with strengths and weaknesses. Through these leadership
approaches leader can be able to make contribution in growth of company. Main objective of the
leadership in the company is, make teams too effective. There are various functions of manager
mentioned above which very necessary for perfectly manage all business operations. Operations
management is helpful to company to gain high brand value in international market. There are
various internal and external factors are highly influencing to company in both term; positively
and negatively. Currently Tesco has great market share in global retail industry, because of
systematic operations' management.

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