Strategic Innovation and Core Competencies Report for Management
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This report provides a detailed analysis of strategic management concepts. Section A discusses the strengths and weaknesses of the six forces model, a tool used to evaluate market attractiveness and competitiveness, and the challenges of identifying core competencies. It examines how the model aids in strategic planning and its limitations in dynamic markets, using the legacy media industry as an example. Section B compares and contrasts different types of strategic innovation, including incremental, disruptive, and architectural innovation, with real-world examples such as Apple's iPhone. The report emphasizes the importance of strategic innovation for business growth and competitive advantage. The report includes references to support the analysis and findings.

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Table of Contents
Section A.........................................................................................................................................2
1. Discussion about the strengths and weaknesses of the six forces model for formulating
business strategy..........................................................................................................................2
2. Discussion to reflect that “Core competencies are an interesting idea but are quite hard to
identify”.......................................................................................................................................4
Section B..........................................................................................................................................6
1. Compare and contrast different types of strategic innovation using real examples................6
References......................................................................................................................................10
MANAGEMENT
Table of Contents
Section A.........................................................................................................................................2
1. Discussion about the strengths and weaknesses of the six forces model for formulating
business strategy..........................................................................................................................2
2. Discussion to reflect that “Core competencies are an interesting idea but are quite hard to
identify”.......................................................................................................................................4
Section B..........................................................................................................................................6
1. Compare and contrast different types of strategic innovation using real examples................6
References......................................................................................................................................10

2
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Section A
1. Discussion about the strengths and weaknesses of the six forces model for formulating
business strategy
According to Alkandari (2015), the six forces model is one of the strategic business tools
that generally helps the businesses in evaluating both the attractiveness as well as
competitiveness of a market. It further helps in providing proper view as well as outlook by
effectively analyzing the six different areas of business activities in order to effectively shape the
business industry. It is found that assessing the market during the development of business
strategy is considered as one of the key tasks however that can be considered complex due to the
myriad of influencing different factors as well as participants (Cherrafi et al., 2016). The use of
modelling techniques will be helpful in providing proper insight into market competitiveness
which generally can offer vital insight for making business related decisions.
The use of Six forces models while formulating business strategy for Legacy media
industry helps in supporting a proper analysis about the strategic position in the market for
successfully delivering an understanding about the completion as well as potential profitability
(Moreno-Izquierdo et al., 2016). The utilization of this specific strategic tool helps in offering a
valuable insight into very much competitive markets which further assists in facilitating a move
to very much less competitive markets that might further help in offering greater amount of
profitability as well as success. The most important advantage of this model is that this particular
model can be used for broader strategic planning process such that it can be assessed regularly
due to a number of changing factors as well as stakeholders which generally can influence the
market effectively (Park et al., 2017). On the other hand, there are a number of limitations of
MANAGEMENT
Section A
1. Discussion about the strengths and weaknesses of the six forces model for formulating
business strategy
According to Alkandari (2015), the six forces model is one of the strategic business tools
that generally helps the businesses in evaluating both the attractiveness as well as
competitiveness of a market. It further helps in providing proper view as well as outlook by
effectively analyzing the six different areas of business activities in order to effectively shape the
business industry. It is found that assessing the market during the development of business
strategy is considered as one of the key tasks however that can be considered complex due to the
myriad of influencing different factors as well as participants (Cherrafi et al., 2016). The use of
modelling techniques will be helpful in providing proper insight into market competitiveness
which generally can offer vital insight for making business related decisions.
The use of Six forces models while formulating business strategy for Legacy media
industry helps in supporting a proper analysis about the strategic position in the market for
successfully delivering an understanding about the completion as well as potential profitability
(Moreno-Izquierdo et al., 2016). The utilization of this specific strategic tool helps in offering a
valuable insight into very much competitive markets which further assists in facilitating a move
to very much less competitive markets that might further help in offering greater amount of
profitability as well as success. The most important advantage of this model is that this particular
model can be used for broader strategic planning process such that it can be assessed regularly
due to a number of changing factors as well as stakeholders which generally can influence the
market effectively (Park et al., 2017). On the other hand, there are a number of limitations of
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using six forces model and among these limitations, the model was mainly applicable to simple
as well as static markets rather than complex as well as dynamic market that generally exists.
For example, the legacy media industry generally includes radio, movies, print as well as
television which was mainly disrupted by the internet growth that was mainly developed outside
the different respective markets (Prinold et al., 2016). It is found that such external element
generally helps in changing the dynamics of how media outlets of different types of formats
which are mainly conducted by the business. This model is used by the entire business for
successfully formulating the business strategy by utilizing six different types of key attributes.
Competition: The competition in the market is quite high as different organizations are
using different types of new technologies as well as practices which can keep them competitive
in the market. In addition to this, they generally help in uncovering different types of keywords
for analyzing their ranking against the various types of keywords which generally helps in
keeping them much more competitive in the market quite effectively.
New entrants: The barriers to entry for the new companies of media has been
diminished with the increasing number of online platforms for delivering the content quite
successfully (Koulopoulos & Keldsen, 2016). In addition to this, it generally helps in creating
different types of new forms of competition as well as the arrival of new entrants who does not
generally operate as traditional rivals generally does.
Buyer: It is found that as presently the media industry is utilizing is utilizing various new
technologies as well as online medium for providing news to the users then the buyers can be
able to gets news at a cheaper price as the company does not need to spend huge amount of
MANAGEMENT
using six forces model and among these limitations, the model was mainly applicable to simple
as well as static markets rather than complex as well as dynamic market that generally exists.
For example, the legacy media industry generally includes radio, movies, print as well as
television which was mainly disrupted by the internet growth that was mainly developed outside
the different respective markets (Prinold et al., 2016). It is found that such external element
generally helps in changing the dynamics of how media outlets of different types of formats
which are mainly conducted by the business. This model is used by the entire business for
successfully formulating the business strategy by utilizing six different types of key attributes.
Competition: The competition in the market is quite high as different organizations are
using different types of new technologies as well as practices which can keep them competitive
in the market. In addition to this, they generally help in uncovering different types of keywords
for analyzing their ranking against the various types of keywords which generally helps in
keeping them much more competitive in the market quite effectively.
New entrants: The barriers to entry for the new companies of media has been
diminished with the increasing number of online platforms for delivering the content quite
successfully (Koulopoulos & Keldsen, 2016). In addition to this, it generally helps in creating
different types of new forms of competition as well as the arrival of new entrants who does not
generally operate as traditional rivals generally does.
Buyer: It is found that as presently the media industry is utilizing is utilizing various new
technologies as well as online medium for providing news to the users then the buyers can be
able to gets news at a cheaper price as the company does not need to spend huge amount of
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money on printing. This business strategy is helpful in increasing the revenue of the media
industry effectively.
Suppliers: The forces of suppliers for the media generally changed as much more
independent as well as individual creators get proper access of the tools which further allows
them to properly produce different types of content which could be effectively distributed with
the help of different types of online channels. Furthermore, the amount of content which is
generally present generally grew exponentially.
Substitutes: It is found that delivering the content of the news through online can be
done without incurring the traditional cost that is associated with publishing. Many of the content
sources become present for free or dramatically helps in reducing the cost. It is found that
different types of competitive elements generally changed how the entire content was properly
distributed for reshaping the entire media industry (Park et al., 2017).
Complementors: The marketing industry that is used by the Media industry across
different channels will generally have greater impact when they are generally aligned with one
another effectively. In addition to this, it is quite important to inform the media channels about
the various types of complementary strategies.
2. Discussion to reflect that “Core competencies are an interesting idea but are quite hard
to identify”
Core competencies helps in defining competences as well as advantages that a business
generally have that further assists in distinguishing it from competition however it is found to be
quite hard to identify. It is found that the companies that are much more focussed on the core
competencies can be able to build as well as reinforce them effectively however the products
MANAGEMENT
money on printing. This business strategy is helpful in increasing the revenue of the media
industry effectively.
Suppliers: The forces of suppliers for the media generally changed as much more
independent as well as individual creators get proper access of the tools which further allows
them to properly produce different types of content which could be effectively distributed with
the help of different types of online channels. Furthermore, the amount of content which is
generally present generally grew exponentially.
Substitutes: It is found that delivering the content of the news through online can be
done without incurring the traditional cost that is associated with publishing. Many of the content
sources become present for free or dramatically helps in reducing the cost. It is found that
different types of competitive elements generally changed how the entire content was properly
distributed for reshaping the entire media industry (Park et al., 2017).
Complementors: The marketing industry that is used by the Media industry across
different channels will generally have greater impact when they are generally aligned with one
another effectively. In addition to this, it is quite important to inform the media channels about
the various types of complementary strategies.
2. Discussion to reflect that “Core competencies are an interesting idea but are quite hard
to identify”
Core competencies helps in defining competences as well as advantages that a business
generally have that further assists in distinguishing it from competition however it is found to be
quite hard to identify. It is found that the companies that are much more focussed on the core
competencies can be able to build as well as reinforce them effectively however the products

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were found to be much more advanced then the competitors. According to Barazandeh et al.
(2015), the core competencies generally helps in providing the customers something that
effectively helps in influencing an individual to select one particular product or service. If it does
not then it further helps in creating impact on the competitive position of the organization
however, it is found that the core competencies are quite difficult to imitate. This further allows
for providing proper products that are quite better than the products of different competitors as
the company is focussed continuously on improving the skills which means that the company
will be able to sustain in the competitive position successfully.
Core competencies are generally considered as the qualities or feature which is generally
inherited by a company for giving a specialized expertise unequalled to the competitors. For
example, the main core competency of Google is to develop different types of powerful
algorithms. It is found that for Disney, its outstanding competency is considered to be delighting
the guests as well as customers (Tehseen & Ramayah, 2015). Therefore, competencies are
considered as the base for gaining proper competitive advantage. It is quite necessary to position
the entire company as the leader such that the expert can be able to go to the source. In addition
to this, the company helps in building a team of outstanding people which helps in making sure
that the customers are quite happy with proper product and service such that they will be quite
glad for bringing much more customers (Assamoi & Christophe, 2015). These are considered as
the main key strengths which generally can be able to bring proper competitive advantage.
For example, Walmart is one of the retail stores with global sales of around 514 billion in
the year 2019. The company have different core competencies which are illustrated below:
MANAGEMENT
were found to be much more advanced then the competitors. According to Barazandeh et al.
(2015), the core competencies generally helps in providing the customers something that
effectively helps in influencing an individual to select one particular product or service. If it does
not then it further helps in creating impact on the competitive position of the organization
however, it is found that the core competencies are quite difficult to imitate. This further allows
for providing proper products that are quite better than the products of different competitors as
the company is focussed continuously on improving the skills which means that the company
will be able to sustain in the competitive position successfully.
Core competencies are generally considered as the qualities or feature which is generally
inherited by a company for giving a specialized expertise unequalled to the competitors. For
example, the main core competency of Google is to develop different types of powerful
algorithms. It is found that for Disney, its outstanding competency is considered to be delighting
the guests as well as customers (Tehseen & Ramayah, 2015). Therefore, competencies are
considered as the base for gaining proper competitive advantage. It is quite necessary to position
the entire company as the leader such that the expert can be able to go to the source. In addition
to this, the company helps in building a team of outstanding people which helps in making sure
that the customers are quite happy with proper product and service such that they will be quite
glad for bringing much more customers (Assamoi & Christophe, 2015). These are considered as
the main key strengths which generally can be able to bring proper competitive advantage.
For example, Walmart is one of the retail stores with global sales of around 514 billion in
the year 2019. The company have different core competencies which are illustrated below:
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Massive buying power: The organization utilizes “everyday low prices” as its mantra. It
generally utilizes this mammoth purchasing power for constantly pressurizing the suppliers to
reduce the whole sale price.
Supply chain management: It is found that Walmart generally excels different aspects
of supply chain management. It has a massive network of various distribution centers which has
refined purchasing, distribution as well as integration into an efficient inventory system. This
helps in properly stocking the products within the stores for lowering costs (Arnold, Kiel &
Voigt, 2016). In addition to this Walmart was considered quite instrumental in proper
development of Universal product code and this was the first company which implements its
company-based basis for collecting as well as analyzing data from various individual stores.
On the other hand, suppose Goggle has generally decided to put cute doodles on its
homepage which was considered as one of the core competencies rather building proper
powerful algorithm (García Zambrano, 2016). The important or favourite doodles can vary from
one person to another however the chances but the Doodles of Google cannot be used because
Google is considered as one of the alternative places. Furthermore, missing the mark when one
can be able to determine the competencies as well as competitive advantages can generally helps
in loosing time as well as wasting resources (Rambe & Makhalemele, 2015). Therefore, it is
quite necessary to review as well as update the strategic plans quite effectively.
Section B
1. Compare and contrast different types of strategic innovation using real examples
According to Oshri, Kotlarsky and Gerbasi (2015), strategic innovation is one of the
procedures that is utilized by the organization for reinventing or redesigning its corporate
MANAGEMENT
Massive buying power: The organization utilizes “everyday low prices” as its mantra. It
generally utilizes this mammoth purchasing power for constantly pressurizing the suppliers to
reduce the whole sale price.
Supply chain management: It is found that Walmart generally excels different aspects
of supply chain management. It has a massive network of various distribution centers which has
refined purchasing, distribution as well as integration into an efficient inventory system. This
helps in properly stocking the products within the stores for lowering costs (Arnold, Kiel &
Voigt, 2016). In addition to this Walmart was considered quite instrumental in proper
development of Universal product code and this was the first company which implements its
company-based basis for collecting as well as analyzing data from various individual stores.
On the other hand, suppose Goggle has generally decided to put cute doodles on its
homepage which was considered as one of the core competencies rather building proper
powerful algorithm (García Zambrano, 2016). The important or favourite doodles can vary from
one person to another however the chances but the Doodles of Google cannot be used because
Google is considered as one of the alternative places. Furthermore, missing the mark when one
can be able to determine the competencies as well as competitive advantages can generally helps
in loosing time as well as wasting resources (Rambe & Makhalemele, 2015). Therefore, it is
quite necessary to review as well as update the strategic plans quite effectively.
Section B
1. Compare and contrast different types of strategic innovation using real examples
According to Oshri, Kotlarsky and Gerbasi (2015), strategic innovation is one of the
procedures that is utilized by the organization for reinventing or redesigning its corporate
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strategy for driving the entire business growth which further helps in generating proper value for
the company and its various customers for creating proper competitive advantage. It is found that
this type of innovation is found to be quite essential for the entire organization for adapting to the
speed of technology change. The different types of strategic innovation which generally can
occur within the organization are elaborated below:
According to Grillitsch et al. (2019), incremental innovation is considered as one of the
most common form of innovation which uses a number of technology and generally helps in
increasing the values of the organization within the present market. It is found that around all the
companies get engaged within the incremental innovation. For example, incremental innovation
generally helps in adding new types of feature to the present services or further helps in
removing features. It is found that even the smallest updates that are related with the user
experience can generally be helpful in adding proper value. The image that is provided below
reflects on older version of the email schedule page.
Figure 1: Version of the email schedule
(Source: Clauss & Spieth, 2016, pp.1045)
MANAGEMENT
strategy for driving the entire business growth which further helps in generating proper value for
the company and its various customers for creating proper competitive advantage. It is found that
this type of innovation is found to be quite essential for the entire organization for adapting to the
speed of technology change. The different types of strategic innovation which generally can
occur within the organization are elaborated below:
According to Grillitsch et al. (2019), incremental innovation is considered as one of the
most common form of innovation which uses a number of technology and generally helps in
increasing the values of the organization within the present market. It is found that around all the
companies get engaged within the incremental innovation. For example, incremental innovation
generally helps in adding new types of feature to the present services or further helps in
removing features. It is found that even the smallest updates that are related with the user
experience can generally be helpful in adding proper value. The image that is provided below
reflects on older version of the email schedule page.
Figure 1: Version of the email schedule
(Source: Clauss & Spieth, 2016, pp.1045)

8
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It is found that there is nothing wrong in the above page but few changes can be done
within the above page so that it will become easier for the users to work on it and changes on this
page can be performed with the help of incremental innovation.
On the other hand, it is stated by Clauss and Spieth (2016) that disruptive innovation is
generally known as the stealth innovation that generally applies different types of new
technologies as well as processes within the current market. It is found to bee quite stealthy as
new technology will be always inferior to exists in the market technology. This type of new
technologies is found to be expensive. For example, Apple’s iPhone disruption within the phone
market. It is found that prior to iPhone, a number of phones relied on the keypads, bottoms but
the iPhone was considered as one of the technological movements.
It is opined by Oshri, Kotlarsky and Gerbasi (2015) that architectural innovation is the
different types of skills, lessons as well as overall technology that is mainly applied within
different market. This particular innovation is considered quite amazing and it further helps in
increasing the number of customers. Most of the times, the risks that are associated with the
architectural innovation is found to be very much low because of the reliance as well as
reintroduction of various types of proven technology. For example, NASA generally attempted
to improve the safety of the aircraft cushions. It is found that they generally succeeded in
creating proper types of foam which helps in reacting to the pressure that is applied on it.
Furthermore, radical innovation is that which helps in giving birth to the various new
industries and it generally helps in creating proper revolutionary technology (Grillitsch et al.,
2019). For example, airplane was not the firs mode of transportation however it is found to be
revolutionary assist helps in allowing proper commercializing of the air travel in order to develop
MANAGEMENT
It is found that there is nothing wrong in the above page but few changes can be done
within the above page so that it will become easier for the users to work on it and changes on this
page can be performed with the help of incremental innovation.
On the other hand, it is stated by Clauss and Spieth (2016) that disruptive innovation is
generally known as the stealth innovation that generally applies different types of new
technologies as well as processes within the current market. It is found to bee quite stealthy as
new technology will be always inferior to exists in the market technology. This type of new
technologies is found to be expensive. For example, Apple’s iPhone disruption within the phone
market. It is found that prior to iPhone, a number of phones relied on the keypads, bottoms but
the iPhone was considered as one of the technological movements.
It is opined by Oshri, Kotlarsky and Gerbasi (2015) that architectural innovation is the
different types of skills, lessons as well as overall technology that is mainly applied within
different market. This particular innovation is considered quite amazing and it further helps in
increasing the number of customers. Most of the times, the risks that are associated with the
architectural innovation is found to be very much low because of the reliance as well as
reintroduction of various types of proven technology. For example, NASA generally attempted
to improve the safety of the aircraft cushions. It is found that they generally succeeded in
creating proper types of foam which helps in reacting to the pressure that is applied on it.
Furthermore, radical innovation is that which helps in giving birth to the various new
industries and it generally helps in creating proper revolutionary technology (Grillitsch et al.,
2019). For example, airplane was not the firs mode of transportation however it is found to be
revolutionary assist helps in allowing proper commercializing of the air travel in order to develop
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as well as prosper successfully. In addition to this, this model helps in destroying or supplants
different existing business model.
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as well as prosper successfully. In addition to this, this model helps in destroying or supplants
different existing business model.
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References
Alkandari, A. (2015). Application of the six forces model by Porter on a non-profit industry,
Rahma International: A Case Study. In Proceeding of the 3rd International Conference
on Marketing (Vol. 3, pp. 23-29).
Arnold, C., Kiel, D., & Voigt, K. I. (2016). How the industrial internet of things changes
business models in different manufacturing industries. International Journal of
Innovation Management, 20(08), 1640015.
Assamoi, O., & Christophe, A. (2015). Core Competencies Development among Science and
Technology (S&T). College Students and New Graduates. American Journal of
Educational Research, 3(9), 1077-1084.
Barazandeh, M., Parvizian, K., Alizadeh, M., & Khosravi, S. (2015). Investigating the effect of
entrepreneurial competencies on business performance among early stage entrepreneurs
Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM 2010 survey data). Journal of Global
Entrepreneurship Research, 5(1), 18.
Cherrafi, A., Elfezazi, S., Chiarini, A., Mokhlis, A., & Benhida, K. (2016). The integration of
lean manufacturing, Six Sigma and sustainability: A literature review and future research
directions for developing a specific model. Journal of Cleaner Production, 139, 828-846.
Clauss, T., & Spieth, P. (2016). Treat your suppliers right! Aligning strategic innovation
orientation in captive supplier relationships with relational and transactional governance
mechanisms. R&D Management, 46(S3), 1044-1061.
MANAGEMENT
References
Alkandari, A. (2015). Application of the six forces model by Porter on a non-profit industry,
Rahma International: A Case Study. In Proceeding of the 3rd International Conference
on Marketing (Vol. 3, pp. 23-29).
Arnold, C., Kiel, D., & Voigt, K. I. (2016). How the industrial internet of things changes
business models in different manufacturing industries. International Journal of
Innovation Management, 20(08), 1640015.
Assamoi, O., & Christophe, A. (2015). Core Competencies Development among Science and
Technology (S&T). College Students and New Graduates. American Journal of
Educational Research, 3(9), 1077-1084.
Barazandeh, M., Parvizian, K., Alizadeh, M., & Khosravi, S. (2015). Investigating the effect of
entrepreneurial competencies on business performance among early stage entrepreneurs
Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM 2010 survey data). Journal of Global
Entrepreneurship Research, 5(1), 18.
Cherrafi, A., Elfezazi, S., Chiarini, A., Mokhlis, A., & Benhida, K. (2016). The integration of
lean manufacturing, Six Sigma and sustainability: A literature review and future research
directions for developing a specific model. Journal of Cleaner Production, 139, 828-846.
Clauss, T., & Spieth, P. (2016). Treat your suppliers right! Aligning strategic innovation
orientation in captive supplier relationships with relational and transactional governance
mechanisms. R&D Management, 46(S3), 1044-1061.

11
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García Zambrano, L. (2016). Intangible resources, competencies and business results: Evidences
for Basque and Spanish companies.
Grillitsch, M., Hansen, T., Coenen, L., Miörner, J., & Moodysson, J. (2019). Innovation policy
for system-wide transformation: The case of strategic innovation programmes (SIPs) in
Sweden. Research Policy, 48(4), 1048-1061.
Koulopoulos, T., & Keldsen, D. (2016). Gen Z effect: The six forces shaping the future of
business. Routledge.
Moreno-Izquierdo, L., Ramón-Rodríguez, A. B., & Perles-Ribes, J. F. (2016). Pricing strategies
of the European low-cost carriers explained using Porter's Five Forces Model. Tourism
Economics, 22(2), 293-310.
Oshri, I., Kotlarsky, J., & Gerbasi, A. (2015). Strategic innovation through outsourcing: the role
of relational and contractual governance. The Journal of Strategic Information
Systems, 24(3), 203-216.
Park, J. Y., Shim, H., Jun, B. H., Lee, P. M., Yoo, S. Y., & Baek, H. (2017, February).
Measurement of hydrodynamic forces and moment acting on Crabster, CR200 using
model tests. In 2017 IEEE Underwater Technology (UT) (pp. 1-5). IEEE.
Prinold, J. A., Mazzà, C., Di Marco, R., Hannah, I., Malattia, C., Magni-Manzoni, S., ... &
Wesarg, S. (2016). A patient-specific foot model for the estimate of ankle joint forces in
patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Annals of biomedical engineering, 44(1), 247-
257.
MANAGEMENT
García Zambrano, L. (2016). Intangible resources, competencies and business results: Evidences
for Basque and Spanish companies.
Grillitsch, M., Hansen, T., Coenen, L., Miörner, J., & Moodysson, J. (2019). Innovation policy
for system-wide transformation: The case of strategic innovation programmes (SIPs) in
Sweden. Research Policy, 48(4), 1048-1061.
Koulopoulos, T., & Keldsen, D. (2016). Gen Z effect: The six forces shaping the future of
business. Routledge.
Moreno-Izquierdo, L., Ramón-Rodríguez, A. B., & Perles-Ribes, J. F. (2016). Pricing strategies
of the European low-cost carriers explained using Porter's Five Forces Model. Tourism
Economics, 22(2), 293-310.
Oshri, I., Kotlarsky, J., & Gerbasi, A. (2015). Strategic innovation through outsourcing: the role
of relational and contractual governance. The Journal of Strategic Information
Systems, 24(3), 203-216.
Park, J. Y., Shim, H., Jun, B. H., Lee, P. M., Yoo, S. Y., & Baek, H. (2017, February).
Measurement of hydrodynamic forces and moment acting on Crabster, CR200 using
model tests. In 2017 IEEE Underwater Technology (UT) (pp. 1-5). IEEE.
Prinold, J. A., Mazzà, C., Di Marco, R., Hannah, I., Malattia, C., Magni-Manzoni, S., ... &
Wesarg, S. (2016). A patient-specific foot model for the estimate of ankle joint forces in
patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Annals of biomedical engineering, 44(1), 247-
257.
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