An In-Depth Report on Management Systems and Managerial Level Usage

This report discusses the relationship between different management information systems and the various levels of management that utilize them. It covers Transaction Processing Systems (TPS), Management Information Systems (MIS), Decision Support Systems (DSS), Executive Support Systems (ESS), Knowledge Work Systems (KWS), and Office Automation Systems (OAS). The report explains how each system supports different managerial levels—operational, middle, and top management—by providing relevant information inputs such as aggregate data, transaction summaries, and analytical tools. The report concludes that understanding these systems and their applications is crucial for effective organizational management and strategic decision-making.

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Name of Student
Name of University
Author’s Note

Executive summary
Various information systems provide advantages to various levels of managers. The categories of
information systems have impacts on different levels of organization named operational level,
management level and strategic level. The systems can be used by various levels of managers for
numerous purposes using different strategies. These systems take help of various information
inputs like aggregate data, low volume data, data of summary transaction and many more. This
report discusses regarding various systems that are used by the managers along with the levels
that utilize them.
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Table of Contents
1. Introduction......................................................................................................................3
2. Discussion........................................................................................................................3
2.1 Transaction Processing System (TPS).......................................................................3
2.2 Managing Information System (MIS).......................................................................3
2.3 Decision Support Systems (DSS)..............................................................................4
2.4 Executive Support System (ESS)..............................................................................4
2.5 Knowledge Work Systems (KWS)............................................................................5
2.6 Office Automation Systems (OAS)...........................................................................5
3. Conclusion.......................................................................................................................6
References............................................................................................................................8
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1. Introduction
Various organizations can be divided into various parts named strategic, operational
levels and management. They are further divided from the aspects of functional areas named
marketing and sales, production and manufacturing, accounting and finance and lastly human
resources. Various information systems serve these levels as well as functions. The categories of
information systems have impacts on different levels of organization named operational level,
management level and strategic level (General Data Protection Regulation. 2019). The
operational systems support various operational managers and keep track of various elementary
activities as well as transactions within the organization like credit decisions, cash deposits,
receipts, sales and flow of materials. This report discusses regarding various systems that are
used by the managers along with the levels that utilize them.
2. Discussion
The system used by managers for various purpose along with the level of managers who
utilize them are mentioned below
2.1 Transaction Processing System (TPS)
The organizations usually requires to process transactions for performing daily business
operations. Transactions usually refer to the events that affect the company directly or indirectly
(General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) – Final text neatly arranged. 2019). Some
examples of transactions include receipt of goods, shipping, order entry, deposits, withdrawals,
cashing cheques, billing customers, record keeping of employees, hiring employees and many
more. For supporting the processing of various business transactions, the Transaction Processing
System is utilized in the organization. The level of managers that utilize this system is senior
level of managers.
2.2 Managing Information System (MIS)
This system have been developed in order to support the controlling planning as well as
decision making functions of the middle managers (Turban, Volonino and Wood 2015). This
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system helps the group of managers to extract data regarding transactions from the underlying
Transaction Processing System, it them compiles the data obtained and produce information
products in the format of reports and responses are displayed. This system provides data that
conforms to the decision making requirements of various managers as well as supervisors. For
example if the group of managers wants to generate reports on daily, monthly or yearly basis,
they are allowed to do so using MIS. They also provide the managers with online access to
present performances as a part of record of the company. This system is utilized by middle level
of managers within the organization.
2.3 Decision Support Systems (DSS)
The decision support systems helps the organization in processing data for supporting the
process of decision making carried out by managers. This helps the middle managers to make
wise decisions. Suppose the middle managers in a bank want to analyze the various changing
trends in loans and deposits in order to ascertain their yearly targets, they would be allowed to do
so using the DSS (Bocij, Greasley & Hickie 2015). This system can be utilized to take complex
decisions, they use the data generated by TPSs and OASs. This system is generally used by
almost all the levels of managers because decision making process exists within all the levels.
2.4 Executive Support System (ESS)
The executive support system can be considered as an extension of management
information system. This system helps the top level of management to take various decisions.
The decisions that are undertaken with the help of executive support system are non-routine in
nature; they affect the entire company and hence need sight and judgement (Laudon and Laudon
2015). Compared to DSS, ESS offers general computing capabilities, proper telecommunications
along with options for effective display. This system helps the managers to monitor
performances, track various activities of their competitors, identify various opportunities as well
as forecast trends. Suppose the managers want to collect data regarding the competitive nature of
the organization, they can do this with the help of ESS, they would be able to collect as well as
compare the data received by analyzing the levels of the organization as well as their
competitors. This system is usually used by the top level of managers.
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2.5 Knowledge Work Systems (KWS)
This system is built in order to promote the creation of knowledge as well as to ensure
that the knowledge and technical skills are integrated properly into a particular business. This
helps the employees to create as well as propagate new data and knowledge by providing the
analytical, graphics, document management tools and communications (Pearlson, Saunders and
Galletta 2016). Some examples of this system include Computer-aided design (CAD) systems,
financial workstations and virtual reality systems. This system is used by the lower level of
management for various purposes.
2.6 Office Automation Systems (OAS)
This system is collection of communication technology, persons for performing official
tasks and computers. This system helps in executing official transactions as well as support
official activities at every level of organization. the activities that are performed by using office
automation system includes preparing the written communication, printing, mailing, typesetting,
scheduling meetings, calendar keeping and many more (Abbasi, Sarker and Chiang 2016).
Suppose the managers would require scheduling a meeting where the need to discuss regarding
the changes in their objectives, this scheduling can be carried out with the hell of this particular
system. This system is utilized by the operational managers.
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(Fig 1: systems used by managers)
(Source: Pearlson, Saunders and Galletta 2016, p. 165)
3. Conclusion
From the above report, it can be concluded that organizations make use of various
systems namely decision support systems, operational level systems, transaction processing
system, and management information system and many more. These systems have their own
impacts on the organization. The systems can be used by various levels of managers for
numerous purposes using different strategies. These systems take help of various information
inputs like aggregate data, low volume data, data of summary transaction, high volume data,
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simple models, events, transactions and many more. The inputs provide various results on the
basis of the strategies that have been used. This assignment describes the systems and their
explanation in brief, it further discusses regarding the level of managers that usually utilize them.
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References
Abbasi, A., Sarker, S. and Chiang, R.H., 2016. Big data research in information systems: Toward
an inclusive research agenda. Journal of the Association for Information Systems, 17(2), p.I.
Bocij, P., Greasley, A., & Hickie, S, 2015. Business information systems.
General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) – Final text neatly arranged. 2019. Retrieved from
https://gdpr-info.eu/
General Data Protection Regulation. 2019. Retrieved from
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Data_Protection_Regulation
Laudon, K.C. and Laudon, J.P., 2015. Management Information Systems: Managing the Digital
Firm Plus MyMISLab with Pearson eText--Access Card Package. Prentice Hall Press.
Nickerson, R. (2002). Business and information systems. New Delhi: Prentice Hall of India.
Pearlson, K.E., Saunders, C.S. and Galletta, D.F., 2016. Managing and using information
systems, binder ready version: a strategic approach. John Wiley & Sons.
Turban, E., Volonino, L. and Wood, G.R., 2015. Information technology for management:
Digital strategies for insight, action, and sustainable performance. Wiley Publishing.
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