Essay on the Evolution of Management Theory and Practice - LSME004

This essay provides a comprehensive overview of the evolution of management, tracing its development from pre-industrial practices to the scientific approach during the industrial revolution and the growing sophistication of management in the post-industrial era. It begins by discussing early management practices, highlighting the need for organized work and the division of labor. The essay then delves into the impact of the industrial revolution, examining the introduction of new machinery, mass production, and the rise of scientific management, including the contributions of Frederick Winslow Taylor and Henry Fayol. Finally, it explores the advancements in management practices during the post-industrial period, including new management theories, decision-making processes, and the importance of employee management, concluding with the significance of management in business operations and the continuous evolution of management concepts.

Evolution of
Management

Contents
ESSAY........................................................................................................................................................3
REFERENCES............................................................................................................................................8
Books and Journal...................................................................................................................................8

ESSAY
Management is a concept that reflects upon the idea of effective utilisation and capitalisation of
significant resources in order to facilitate the attainment of business goals in a competent and
appropriate manner. In the existing business environment, the role of management is to provide
advance assistance to the business enterprises in leading their organisation functions in a
systemic and effective order (Wren and Bedeian, 2020). Management highlights upon planning
of goals and objectives, organization of resources, leading the workforce towards goals
optimization and the controlling the business operations in order to increase the efficiency,
effectiveness and productivity. The prospective essay will provide major insights about the
evolution of management practice prior to industrial revolution. It will discuss the progress of
management in the light of scientific approach during the period of industrial revolution. In
addition to that, the integration and expansion of management practices within the post industrial
period are also demonstrated within the proposed essay.
Management practices came into perspective owing to the need of people to align themselves
into groups and troupes in order to lead their daily chores and sustain their livelihood in an
appropriate manner. It can be examined through historical texts that individuals used to form
massive and giant troupes in order to lead any particular task and functions with greater
efficiency. Also, various prominent records of business deals have been examined which
facilitated proof in regard with the initial business management and practices carried out by the
reputed priest in the Middle Eastern areas. The people in power were provided with the
responsibility to facilitate the division of work in accordance with the physical strength,
endurance, capabilities and intellect of the individuals. It can be stated that even before
industrialization, management was followed by individuals in their routine lives so as to reduce
the workload and divide the work among the people in an effective way. For instance, Roman
Catholic Churches are one of best examples that can be quoted for outstanding management
practices (Bowden, 2020). In the earlier period, management was regarded as the level of
competence possessed by the individuals. The value and importance of authority and control was
practices in the name of management in order to exercise power over the followers.

The emergence of industrial revolution altered the entire narrative and concept of management
practices. It changed the entire lookout in which people used to look upon business and
management. During the concerned era, major concentration was provided to formulation of an
effective business management process with the integration of capital, material and manpower in
order to lead the business functions with greater efficiency. It led to severe impacts upon the
ways in which people used to lead their business. The management practices, production
development as well capitalisation of labour were transformed in a very reliable and proficient
manner. Industrial revolution led to the introduction of new machinery, equipment and process
that could assist in individuals to raise their standard of management operations. For example,
the discovery and innovation of automation within the existing line up of machinery allowed
people to generate and produce mass units of their products. The concept of mass production
came into the light during the industrial revolution (Merkle, 2020). Moreover, the establishment
of transportation such as rail tracks were also facilitated within the respective period which
further enabled them to regulate their offering in diverse areas and market. Innovation and
modification was considered to be a huge trend during the time of industrial revolution. It can be
stated various new and reliable technological equipments were introduced during
industrialization. However, only few business firms during that period were able to determine the
way technology can be capitalised for improvising the existing level of expertise and operations.
For example, Ford was a firm that brought into perspective the idea of optimization of cheap
labour in order to enhance the time efficiency of the work operations and accelerate the process
of production (Prasad, 2020).
The value of technology started dominating the business practices and the requirement to be able
to effective exploit the technology so as to achieve the benefits associated with the same was also
emerging in the market. Various potential individuals were trying to determine and invent an
approach through which management could be emphasised and elevated within the business
procedures and processes. The well-known theorist Henry Fayol should also be acknowledged
for his consistent efforts to facilitate management concepts within the market domain that
highlighted upon the principles and functions that are required to be successfully achieved within
the process of management (Daft, 2021). These functions continue to prevail even in the present
time market environment as well.

One fine day, an engineer named Fredrick Taylor practicing business and management
encountered several individuals working below their existing standard of potential. The
respective scenario made him realize that in order to boost the morale of workers to exercise
their full potential, they are require to be facilitated with something that can enhance their
willpower to give their best towards work operations (Zhu and Sun, 2020). He suggested that in
order to generate more production and operational efficiency, it is very important to facilitate the
worker with an increase in the wage rate and incentives. Thus, it is right to say that Fredrick
Winslow Taylor was revolutionary engineer who introduced the idea of scientific management in
the business environment.
Taylor integrated the scientific approach to the management in order to enhance proficiency and
efficiency within the same. The concerned approach highlighted upon the necessity to study and
examine every given task in order to link the practices to the scientific concerns and attain
maximum level of accuracy in the same. The scientific plan also propounded the importance of
skills development and training within the labour and workforce in order to increase the
development of the business. As per the scientific management, is very vital for labours and
mangers to work together in a cooperative manner so as to enhance the level of efficiency within
the operations led in the production process.
The scientific approach to management and practice also reflected upon the role of managers and
workers within the business organisations. It promoted the idea that managers should be
provided with the authority and responsibility to supervise and guide the labour and the labour
force need to functions as per the instructions of the managers. It can be stated that the
requirement to integrate the process of management in context to the overall organisational
purpose and process began to set up within the business domain (Urinov, 2020). The period of
industrial revolution can considered to be a huge asset for the business environment as it led to
the development of new methodologies and framework to the management that helped to
increase the level and degree of management process capitalised the business firm. Also, the
industrial revolution enhanced the awareness of the individuals in respect with management
knowledge and antics. Individuals become more inclined towards the process of management
and stated evaluating their respective business practices in order to align the concept of advance
scientific management within the same. Thus, industrialisation is ought to be an impactful of the

game changer for the field of management as it gave rise to management concepts that are still
stated to be relevant and useful in the business domain.
The post industrialization period enabled the business to be more focus towards facilitating new
and creative concepts through which business management can be exercised with sheer
brilliance. The industrial revolution should be given the much deserving credit as it acted as a
motivating factor for individuals to understand the management and to utilize the management
characteristics in order to run their business operations in a more productive manner.
In the post-industrialization period, developing business firms served more advanced and
competent business practices and management processes. The industrial organization continued
to expand and adopted several structures in order to shape the management of their organization
in a way that maximum effectiveness of business proficiency can be derived from the same
(Köseoğlu and Parnell, 2020). The management process and activities of business firms also
started improving for the betterment and new structures of management were promoted within
the management sector in order to achieve superior business outcomes through the same.
Scope and extension of management accelerated during the concerned period. It can be stated
that management theories were also optimized in an appropriate manner by the organizations in
order to achieve considerate and successful outcomes. This is further assisted the business firms
to increase their business efficiency to a next level. It was a period for management wherein
different individuals came up with different perspectives in regard with the common concept
that is management.
Newer and improvised theories started being introduced in the business domain. For instance,
Maslow hierarchy of needs, Herzberg two factor theories, the approach of X and Y theory etc.
are some of the most popular theories that continue to exist in the contemporary business
environment (Daft, 2021). The major objective of the above stated theories was to add
specifications and modifications to the business management practices of the organisation.

The decision making process of business enterprises also transformed after the industrialisation.
The focus was laid upon the utilisation of management approaches available within the business
domain in order to form appropriate decision that could provide an added leverage to the firm
and healthy same to grow in the upcoming run. Role of delegation also increased within the
business organisation after the period of industrialisation. The business firms relied upon
delegating their work in an appropriate manner so as to ensure that the skills and capability of the
workforce can be optimised by the organisation and through effective delegation prominent
results can be achieved in the market domain as well. Through the facilitation of effective
management, the business enterprises were able to facilitate vision and mission within their work
operation (Bolland, 2020) . New department of operations were delegated and the workforce
division was also facilitated in accordance with skill capitalisation. The business firms
understood the necessity and value of management in order to lead sustainable operations within
the market environment. Post industrial period depicts that each and every business firm
followed a management framework within their work setting so as to increase the level of output
and ensure that they are able to achieve significant advantages as well.
The development of business organisation after industrialisation has been phenomenal. The
business institutions started emphasising over the management theories and merged the same
within their business process as well. The maintenance of employees working and serving under
the organisation was also enhanced. The reason for the same can be termed as the realisation of
the firms that employees can lift up the entire work line up of the firm more effectively. In order
to attain managerial effectiveness, business organisations started treating employees as a
potential asset to the firm. They started investing into the same in order to ensure that the
workforce is able to lead the management process and achieve the goals of the organisation in an
appropriate manner.
The concept of management has been revised time and again through different eras. The fact
remains constant that management helps the business firm to get their work done in an efficient
and appropriate manner. It allows the same to implement coordination and stability to business
functions in the organisational climate. It can be stated that management is a single handed
solution to the majority of the business problems and challenged faced by the institution in the
dynamic market. Thus, it can be said that the evolution of management concept and theories has

been extremely significant to the productivity and growth of business institutions from such a
long period of time.

REFERENCES
Books and Journal
Wren, D.A. and Bedeian, A.G., 2020. The evolution of management thought. John Wiley &
Sons.
Bowden, B., 2020. The Pre-modern World and Management: An Introduction. The Palgrave
Handbook of Management History, pp.113-129.
Prasad, L.M., 2020. Principles and practice of management. Sultan Chand & Sons.
Zhu, J. and Sun, Y., 2020. Dynamic modeling and chaos control of sustainable integration of
informatization and industrialization. Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, 135, p.109745.
Köseoğlu, M.A. and Parnell, J., 2020. The evolution of the intellectual structure of strategic
management between 1980 and 2019. Journal of Strategy and Management.
Daft, R.L., 2021. Management. Cengage Learning.
Bolland, E.J., 2020. Evolution of Strategy: Origin, Planning, Strategic Planning and Strategic
Management. In Strategizing. Emerald Publishing Limited.
Urinov, B., 2020. REVIEW OF THE TRENDS OF MANAGEMENT: CORPORATE
CULTURE OR ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR. Архив научных исследований, 33(1).
Daft, R.L., 2021. Management. Cengage Learning.
Merkle, J.A., 2020. Management and ideology. University of California Press.