Comparative Analysis of Management and Leadership at Marks & Spencer

This report undertakes a comparative analysis of the roles of managers and leaders within the context of Marks and Spencer (M&S). It begins by defining management operations and then delves into a detailed comparison of managers and leaders, examining their definitions, responsibilities, approaches, and involvement in various aspects of the organization. The report highlights the differing perspectives of managers and leaders, emphasizing that managers are more organization-oriented while leaders are more keen on setting dynamic approaches. It also explores the application of management theories, such as behavioral and contingency theories, within M&S. Furthermore, the report discusses the trait theory and its implications for leadership. Finally, the report concludes by summarizing the key distinctions between managers and leaders and the impact of leadership theories on the organization, supported by references to relevant academic sources.

Management Operations

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................3
Comparative analysis between role of manager and leader in organization................................3
Trait theory ......................................................................................................................................7
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................9
REFRENCES...................................................................................................................................9

INTRODUCTION
Management operations is defined as various functions or activity of management that
enable the management to fulfil the responsibilities in the organization. Management operations
involve various functions such as assigning duties to other employee's, managing operations and
other associated operations. In this report Marks and Spencer (M&S) is taken as an organization.
This report specifies the comparative analysis between the role of manager and leader in
organization context.
MAIN BODY
Comparative analysis between role of manager and leader in organization
Basis of comparison Manager Leader
Definition Manager can be defined as
ability of individual to manage
employees and that conduct
the responsibility to manage
and operate various operations
of company effectively.
Leadership can be defined as
ability of person to lead the
group of people.
Roles Manager carries the various
responsibilities in M&S such
as
 Take decisions
 Maintain the corporate
presence of M&S
 Controlling operations
 Delegating positions
 Managing functions
 Managing skills of
employee's such as
technical skills, human
skills and other skills
 Setting targets
Leaders need to fulfil the
various roles that involve
 Representing
organization
 Setting clear vision
 Motivating employee's
 Guiding employee's for
achieving
organizational goals
 Improving employee's
morale
 Maintain the healthy
relationship between
employee's and

 Planning
 Tackling issues
 Improving profitability
of M&S
 Improving market
performance
 Customer relationship
management
 Managing
infrastructure of
company
 Taking decisions
related to the
operations
 Maintaining healthy
work culture
management in
organization
 Play a supportive role
 Solving issues of
employee's and
organization
 Develop human
resources
 Provide growth
opportunities to
employee's and
organization
 Maintain the good
corporate hierarchy in
organization
 Guiding organization
towards achieving
higher success
 Planning
 Introducing new
efficient aspects such
new techniques and
practices
 Improve the
organization culture
 Give directions to
employee's
Approach The approach of managers is
more organization oriented
they set the goals and manage
Leadership in M&S are more
keen towards following the
dynamic approaches for

operations in such a way that
organization can effectively
address all such targets and
goals of the organization.
The operation approach of
managers is more like setting,
measuring and achieving
goals.
Managers look more habitual
towards following the same
practices as long as the market
not demanded some kind of
change in operational
practices.
Managers don't usually follow
the approach of taking risk.
For solving various issues of
employee's managers like to
follow the set pattern of
organization.
Managers analyse all the
aspects of decision making and
based on the profitability in
respect to the organization
manager make the decisions.
Managers bring change only
when it is needed or demanded
else managers like to follow
the same practices that also
reduces the risk element in
working policies and
various operations in company
based on the various situations.
The dynamic approach of
leaders towards working
practices entitled the leaders to
carry the image of visionary
and creative.
Leaders are well known for
taking the risk to create a
change in the organization.
Involvement of leaders in
every aspect of organisation
enabler the leaders to build
relationship with all the human
resources of the organization.
Leaders in M&S involve
personally for solving various
employee issues in
organization that also created a
healthy work culture in
organisation.
Leaders follow the more risk
taking approach in bring new
elements such new practices,
technologies and other aspects
that also involve risk and
leaders don't hesitate before
taking any risk.

strategies.
Involvement Managers in M&S carry the
huge involvement in various
internal and external
operations of the M&S as the
managers carry the
responsibilities of smooth
operations of company.
Managers also need to deal
with external entities such as
dealers, manufacturers,
customer's and other
associated entities as a part of
the working operations.
Involvement of leaders are
mostly restricted towards the
both internal and external
aspects of the organization.
Leaders also carry the major
involvement in internal aspects
of the organizations such as
conducting operations, solving
issues and other associated
internal aspects of
organization.
Management theory in organization
Management in M&S are more keen towards following the behavioural theory for
working practices.
Behavioural theory is also called as human relation movement as it enable the
management to address various human dimensions in the organization. Behavioural theory
enable the management to better understand the human behaviour in the organisation. The
behavioural approach of management empower the management to improve productivity by
motivating employee's, solving conflicts and managing expectations of employee's and
consumer's. Role of manager is to develop relations with employees so that actual issues of them
can be identified and proper solution can be taken to address their problem. Leaders role is here
to create healthy atmosphere where needs of workers are taken as priority so that expectation of
staff members can be met and they retain in firm for longer duration.
Contingency theory is the one of the best theory to lead an organization towards success
and establish a goals and effective utilization of organization resources. In context of M&S
leaders’ role is to apply their own opinion and work according to their style for right situation.

Leaders have to try to understand different variables that affect their employees performance and
engage them effectively towards growth of organization more appropriately. It help leader to
motivate employees towards effectiveness of organization and to achieve goals and objectives
more easily and effectively. M&S leader have skills to understand changing situation and
manage those situation according to requirement to improve effectiveness manage situation
according to requirement. Leader in M&S when a big change is happen that will affect
organizations working and growth leaders will take important decision to solve those to reduce
loss that will affect organization to maintain effectiveness of business. mangers are here
responsible to implement changes at workplace effectively by giving training to workers so that
their working efficiency can be improved.
Trait theory shows leaders are born with quality of leadership. Successful leaders have
qualities that or that cannot be teach to person or an individual. In context of M&S it help
company to reduce training provided to employees as their effective skills help company to
achieve goals more effectively and easily. Born skills and abilities make employee attractive and
effective towards success of organization easily. Leader of company are intelligent and their role
is to make positive judgement and able to accept their responsibility for success of organization
and to improve effectiveness of organizations product and services. Leaders plays the role of
guide as they understand what their employees want and try to fulfil those requirements to
improve their effectiveness towards organization success. Self-confidence of leaders and
capacity to motivate help them to lead organization towards success. Mangers’ role is to utilise
skills of workers in significant manner so that they work better and contribute well in the success
of business unit.
Transformational leadership states that leader help to inspire employees to participate in
development of organization at a large scale. In context of M&S leader’s play the role of
participants as they increase participation of employees in decision making to bring innovation
and creativity in their working and also help them in overall development and effectiveness of
organization and manage overall abilities of each and every employee to maintain effectiveness
of product and services. Leaders are responsible to share values to motivate employees towards
growth and success of organization. Mangers’ role is to motivate workers so that retention can be
increased in workplace.

Transactional leadership explains that managers’ role in M&S that to provide rewards
and bonuses to their employees to increase their efficiency towards success of organization and
motivate them to work according to requirement. Reward is provided on basis of efforts and
efficiency of employees that help organization to achieve goals and objectives easily. Leaders
play the role of monitor those who has to ensure that all workers perform their duties well.
Hard Management skills states that mangers are responsible for managing team, that a
manager require in M&S is typing speed, proper operations on machine to reduce wastage and
implement overall success. Proper computer programming help manage working easily
Soft skills that a leader require in M&S is to motivate employees and need to keep
patience while working in organization. Flexibility to achieve goals and objectives easily. Able
to develop teamwork between employees in organization.
CONCLUSION
This report concludes about various aspects that create a difference between the position
of manager and leaders in corporate organisations. Various functions of manager have also
concluded in this report. Effect of leadership theories over organisation has also concluded in
this report.

REFRENCES
Books and Journals
Berry, A. J., Broadbent, J. and Otley, D. T. eds., 2016. Management control: theories, issues and
practices. Macmillan International Higher Education.
Zeijen, M. E., Peeters, M. C. and Hakanen, J. J., 2018. Workaholism versus work engagement
and job crafting: What is the role of self‐management strategies?. Human Resource
Management Journal.28(2). pp.357-373.
Rosenbaum, D., More, E. and Steane, P., 2018. Planned organisational change
management. Journal of Organizational Change Management.
Johnson, A., Nguyen, H., Groth, M. and White, L., 2018. Workplace aggression and
organisational effectiveness: The mediating role of employee engagement. Australian
Journal of Management.43(4). pp.614-631.
Dartey-Baah, K. and Addo, S. A., 2018. Charismatic and corrective leadership dimensions as
antecedents of employee safety behaviours. Leadership & Organization Development
Journal.