Managing Financial Resources: Strategies and Analysis Report

This report delves into the critical aspects of managing financial resources within an organization. It begins by examining the merits and demerits of listing on the stock exchange, specifically focusing on the London Stock Exchange, and outlines the steps involved in the listing process for a hypothetical company, Milner Chemicals Plc. The report further explores various methods for raising capital within this exchange. It then proceeds to calculate the cost of capital for ordinary shares, preference shares, and debentures, culminating in the determination of the weighted average cost of capital. The significance of financial planning is discussed, along with the information requirements for different levels of management and the impact of finance on financial statements. The report also covers the main financial statements prepared by business organizations, exploring different formats for manufacturing and trading companies, and concludes with the computation of financial ratios to analyze performance.

Managing Financial
Resources

TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
Task 1...............................................................................................................................................1
1.1 Merits and demerits of listing in stock exchange..................................................................1
1.2 Discussing the steps for listing Milner Chemicals Plc in London Stock Exchange.............2
1.3 Methods to raise capital in London stock exchange.............................................................4
Task 2...............................................................................................................................................5
2.1 A Cost of ordinary share capital ...........................................................................................5
B) Cost of preference Share Capital............................................................................................5
C) Cost of debenture Capital after tax.........................................................................................5
D) Weighted average cost of Capital..........................................................................................5
2.2 Significance of financial planning........................................................................................6
2.3 Information required of directors, junior managers and senior managers............................7
2.4 Impact of finance on Financial statement.............................................................................7
Task 3...............................................................................................................................................8
3.1................................................................................................................................................8
3.2................................................................................................................................................8
3.3................................................................................................................................................8
Task 4.............................................................................................................................................10
4.1 Discussing the main financial statements prepared by business organisations yearly........10
4.2 Various formats of income statement of manufacturing company, trading organizations
and clubs...................................................................................................................................11
4.3 Computation of ratios..........................................................................................................11
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................12
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................13

INTRODUCTION
Managing financial is very important aspect of each and every organization. The present
report is giving brief about the sources of finance which are available to business. The
implications of finance as resource within the business has been elaborated by analyzing costs of
various sources. Further it has been briefed about financial decisions according to financial
information.
Task 1
1.1 Merits and demerits of listing in stock exchange
The benefits while listing in stock exchange can be in various forms like it provides
access to capital which will help Milner Chemical Plc for raising finance for development even
at the time of admission and via raising more capital (Rahman, And et.al., 2017). It will create
rise in profile i.e. it will create demand for shares and it will improve the liquidity of Milner
company as many investors prefer to invest in business which is listed on the main exchange as
theyare more comfortable, opportunities and for the issue of security. While listing on market, it
facilitates acquisitions or increases the ability of Milner Chemicals Plc for acquisitions with
listed shares as currency. Market valuation for the business has been created and all the
opportunities are enabled to raise fund and for expansion. Valuation has been objected as it helps
in creating independent value of business of Milner Company. The base of shareholder has been
broadened as it has created a market for the share of company. In the same series, shares have
been used as the employee incentive for giving motivation for long term i.e. improves employee
commitment. It improves investor, supplier and customer's confidence and the position in
marketplace.
It provides pure access to a currency acquisition and transparency related to the valuation
of busienss. The companies which listed uses shares instead of cash for acquisitions. This is a
perfect measure for applying buy and build strategy when cash ha snot been properly optimised
in other areas. The value of the business has been determined objectively by market not like
private company as requirement of assessing the relative value of the two business which are
different to each other. Employee commitment has been encouraged by giving them rewards
which represents clear value. The employees of listed company are gaining more advantage if
they have been allotted shares or options by which they can easily observe their worth. The
public profile has been heightened and it improves the capability for attracting high calibre
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members of board. To get more talent with respect to business, the liquidity of the company
which is listed gives the best incentive plan.
These issues should be considered by Milner Plc while listing on stock exchange like
market fluctuations, compliance and cost related to listing (Rubin and Patel, 2017). The market
got fluctuated by many external factors which consist of social, economic and political change as
all these will be affecting the share price of company in positive manner and even negative
manner. If the organisation is listed publicly, there is requirement of complying with the code of
United Kingdom with respect to Corporate Governance. The companies which are public are
directly linked to the property of public as they are purely expected for complying the rules of
the market which are populated by them. The services of nominated advisor have been used by
the companies on AIM and firm which are listed on London Stock Exchange, acts as the main
regulator of business and its listing should be managed with ongoing compliance. The shares
which are issued not only diluted but they also lack liquidity. Fundraising and activity of
acquisition is undermined because of less demand of the shares. Lack of demand will generally
convert into less share price and its application of shares as currency of acquisition will lose its
appeal. The amount of significant costs and time related to flotation and its ongoing listing must
not be underestimated. The beginning of flotation process consumes so much time and its
administration of announcements which are regular and constant. There are many other activities
which should be managed so in short it is very time consuming and labour intensive which does
not match the business.
1.2 Discussing the steps for listing Milner Chemicals Plc in London Stock Exchange
The major steps for listing Milner Plc on the London Stock Exchange:
Advisors should be appointed and those advisors must have the relevant public experience and
proper recommendations should be undertaken for appointing new ones. Every advisor has
significant role in the process of admission as:
 Corporate advisor
 Broker
 Reporting accountant
 Lawyer
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Corporate advisor is also known as sponsor, he advises for listing on premium basis as he is
appointed for guiding company via admission or application process. The companies who need
to be standard listing, corporate advisors are required (Zhang and Reay, 2018).
Broker will be observing prices of shares which will be generating interest in business via
promoting or marketing when company is purely admitted for trading.
Accountant will be reviewing the company independently with its financial position and he will
generate many reports for achieving specific regulatory requirements and directors should be
assisted and for accomplishing the obligations, sponsor should be assisted.
Lawyer has the ability to understand legal issues which might arise with the admission in main
market which consists of all the requirements related to disclosure and obligations which are
continued.
The main requirements which should be complied are as follows: business should be
established or incorporated with some specific laws which have to be undertaken. Accounts
should be audited, filed and published for specific three year time. Trading records should be
traced for particular time and must be able to reflect the working capital for this particular
period. The minimum market capitalisation for equity is 700000 pounds and for debt it is about
200000. The 25 percent of shares must be specifically held by public. The essential requirements
should be reported and obligations should be continued for listing on London Stock Exchange.
The insider information should be disclosed as soon as possible via Regulatory Information
service. Insider information leaks in publicf then it will directly impact share price or the
instruments which are related to financial. Annual and semi annual reports of financials which
consists of financial information which is consolidated for specific period. Any of the
shareholder who has acquired 3% or more of voting share capital of company should disclose
information to the market and company. There is requirement of shareholder approval of
premium listed companies before undertaking disposal or acquisition. All the transactions which
are substantial even smaller transactions should be justified or notified in market. The directors
who are dealing in shares of company should give proper disclosure to the business and notifying
in the market.
Before listing Milner Plc, there are various aspects which should be reviewed such as
assets and liabilities, shareholder arrangements, share capital, contracts, intellectual property and
insurance. Company must have ability to own and control all the assets which are required for
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the company's operation and which can recover all liabilities. All the current shareholders must
agree on time limit restriction for selling shares after flotation (Murendo and Mutsonziwa, 2017).
The new share capital must be organised while split or current capital should be reorganised. All
the policies related to insurance should be updated and adequate cover is provided. The time
which is required for listing on market is depended on the factors which have chosen market
route for requirements of raising fund of Milner Plc. After appointing advisors, prospectus
should be created which should be verified by UKLA as this will be a main marketing document
and all the information related to investors that business has viable investment opportunity or
not.
The company should apply to both UKLA and even London Stock exchange for
admitting main securities in market. Flotation should be promoted for ensuring success on the
day of admission and broker will be also working on this. The underwriting agreement should be
placed between all the parties which are relevant like directors, brokers and all selling
shareholders. The day when prospectus is approved and it is published, then there will be
announcement of flotation. After commencing all the above mentioned steps, the shares of
Milner Plc will be ready for trading in main market.
1.3 Methods to raise capital in London stock exchange
 The companies got help by issuer services within whole world for joining the London
equity market with respect to gaining access to capitals. The IPO process is one of the
major routes for raising capitals.
 The different ways for raising capital in London stock Exchange includes shares,
depository receipt and debt offering.
 The stock exchange operates various Alternative Investment market and all the
international companies that are outside the European Union, as they operate scheme of
depository.
 Professional Securities Market issues the debt securities or depository receipt to all the
investors who are professional and this all will lead to raise the capital.
 Order book for retail bonds has the ability to raise fund. This gives advantage for non-
bank smaller firms as well.
 If the stock of the company grows, then the capital has been raised in London Stock
Exchange.
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Task 2
2.1 A Cost of ordinary share capital
B) Cost of preference Share Capital
C) Cost of debenture Capital after tax
D) Weighted average cost of Capital
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2.2 Significance of financial planning
Financial planning helps in deciding about spending that how, what and when to spend
and it should be according to the availability of funds. The main objective of financial planning
of Brian Harris Chartered Accountants is to ensure about the availability of sufficient funds and
to properly manage the cash flow (Harvey, 2017). Financial planning creates very enormous
value to Brian Harris CA due to many reasons:
There should be proper plan about the amount of fund of the company as too less money
and too much money, both situations are not good. So there is requirement of proper planning
which directly helps in storing, using and gathering all data for right amount of finance. For
raising fund, issuing debt and shares are one of the best way but appropriate decisions should be
taken by company that to whom they want to allot debt and shares and how much and from
which banks they have to take loan. Many companies us mix match of all avenues so planning
becomes very complex and extensive as well. There are various investment proposals to the
company so decision should be according to rate of affordability and profitability. The highest
possibility of success leads to select investment proposals. For daily operations there is huge
requirement of funds and for big organisations it is in huge quantity so financial planning should
be according to those operations and managing raw materials. It is base for the control of finance
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, unless the department does not know about allocation of money and to which activity, they will
be not able to know that they are under budget or over budget. It supports the strategic growth of
the company by forecasting risks, estimating capital budget and all the opportunities in new
market. Financial planning ensures the alignment of growth objectives, goal consistency of the
organisation with all financial requirements.
2.3 Information required of directors, junior managers and senior managers
Information which flows is very vital and is responsible for determining the information
needs of organization while auditing the sources of information and delivery systems. He should
be able to establish accountability for the information which is flowing and it should be directly
pass to Chief information officer or any other executive who is at top. Directors use all the
information channels along with the director of marketing, production, R & D and various other
executives with the customers and suppliers. The directors usually review the sources of
information and channels. The governance has been ensured and informed by directors. In the
same series senior manager set the goals, all the information related to market, shareholding and
especially analysis of financial information is done by him. He is responsible for planning and
directing the whole team. The junior manger has specific information related to the organizations
as he works as a mediator between executives and top level of employees. He measures all the
drawbacks and forecast issues related to organization and tries to find the solution to overcome
it.
2.4 Impact of finance on Financial statement
The Organization's management keeps control on it financials via all the financial
statements because these statements tracks all types of financial record to the management. There
are three types of financial statements i.e. balance sheet, profit and loss statement and cash flow
statement. These financial statements should be properly understandable, reliable, comparable
and relevant. Balance sheet gives a snap shot to the firm as it is referred as very convenient
means for summarizing about the financial performance of the organisation (Abdel-Haleem and
Abdel-Hafez, 2017). It gives the basic information that what organization owns and the variation
between two at a specific given time. (Equity). Income statement tracks whole information of the
same period, it may be quarterly, semi and annually as it is giving information before and after
the period. Cash flows gives brief description in narrow sense as a payment. It is referred as net
amount of cash and cash equivalents which has been transferred in and out to the business.
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Task 3
3.1
production budget 0 2018 2019 2020 2021
sales 28000 32000 35000 38000
Closing inventory required 0 1000 2500 3200 2800
less: Opening inventories 800 2000 2800 2500
Production required 28200 32500 35400 38300
Reject allowances 4.00% 1128 1300 1416 1532
Budgeted production 29328 33800 36816 39832
Income statement
Particulars 0 2018 2019 2020 2021
Sales revenue 20000 34000 36000 40000
Less: COGS 950 1050 1260 1580
Gross profit 19050 32950 34740 38420
Operating expenses
Selling and Administration 1200 750 1800 980
Advertisement expenses 300 300 300 300
insurance 550 650 750 100
Salaries to employees 1200 1200 1200 1200
rent 400 400 400 400
Total Operating expenses 3650 3300 4450 2980
Net operating profit 15400 29650 30290 35440
less: Tax 30% 4620 8895 9087 10632
Net profit 10780 20755 21203 24808
sales budget 2018 2019 2020 2021
Expected unit sales 125000 132000 138000 142000
Sales price 200 200 200 200
Total sales 25000000 26400000 27600000 28400000
3.2
Gold tap Silver tap
pound pound
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Direct material 20 15
Direct labour 50 25
Variable overhead 10 10
Fixed overhead 80000 80000
Budgeted quantity 2000 4000
Fixed overhead
absorption rate as per
direct labour 100000 100000
Fixed overhead cost per
unit of each product 1000 1600
Budgeted production
cost per unit
Company adds up 25%
mark 80 50
100 62.5
Company adds up 25%
mark 200000 250000
3.3
Calculating net present value
Year Cash inflows Present value 10%
Discounted Cash
Flow
0 1000000
1 240000 0.909 218181
2 200000 0.826 165289
3 280000 0.751 210368
4 320000 0.683 218564
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5 360000 0.621 223531
1035935
Initial Investment 1000000
Net present value 35935
Payback period
= 3 + 1040000 – 720000 / 720000
= 4 years
Calculation of Internal rate of return
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Recommendation: According to net present value it should invest in project due to positive
returns along with the payback period of 4 years which is giving good financial position of the
project. Its return due to internal operations is 11.28%. So investment proposal should be
accepted according to these techniques.
Task 4
4.1 Discussing the main financial statements prepared by business organisations yearly
The Financial statements which are prepared by the organisations yearly are:
 Balance sheet
 Income Statement
 Statement of Cash flows
Balance sheet : It is a snapshot of the organisation (Brunnermeier, Sockin and Xiong, 2017.).
The various components of balance sheet are assets and liabilities. Liability consists of share
capital, secured and unsecured loans, current liability, provisions, reserves and surplus. Assets of
balance sheet consists of fixed assets, current assets, miscellaneous expenses, debit amount of
profit and loss account and investments.
Profit and loss statement: The margins can be made when revenues is exceeded from expenses
and cost and if the situation is vice versa then it will generate losses. Profit and loss statements
tracks the company's performance yearly and measure that organization is wealthy or not. The
main elements are revenues and costs.
Statements of cash flows: It consists of the cash inflow and cash outflow of activities which are
related to operating activities, investing activity and financing activity.
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4.2 Various formats of income statement of manufacturing company, trading organizations and
clubs
In income statement all the revenue and expenses are included but the elements varies
from type of industry. Manufacturing industry has various overheads like direct labour, direct
material, manufacturing cost and in very huge quantity but in trading organisations and clubs
manpower is required but not same with manufacturing industry. Trading organisations has
consists of fees, membership dues, drinks, postage and huge rent occupancy cost. Clubs does not
sell products, it provides services like food, drinks, music and its huge expenses are in the field
of infrastructure (Kim and Li, 2017). Thus, the revenue has been generated from different
elements of different sector.
4.3 Computation of ratios
A.
Particulars 2015 2016
Current ratio 1.43 : 1 1.26: 1
Quick ratio 0.85: 1 0.77: 1
Gross profit margin 33.93% 27.44%
Profit margin 5.46% 0.14%
Return on total assets 1.74 2.27
Inventory Turnover ratio 372 days 137 days
Average Collection Period 372 days 151 days
Times Interest Earned 8.7 times 0.44 times
Gearing ratio 7.43% 1.53%
B. Interpretation: The current ratio of Wordsworth Plc for the year 2015 is 1.43 and for next
year it is about 1.26 both year it is in good position in terms of liquidity but from past year the
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quality is decreasing so company should keep track on the current assets and liabilities. In the
same series quick ratio is calculated by quick assets and quick liabilities which means that they
should be able to generate liquidity in short period but in the year 2015 and 2016 it is less than 1
but it seems they are relying on inventory but it is not in good position according to quick ratio.
Gross profit margin of the company is below the average return of the industry but it is
decreasing from the past trend so it should trace its operations (Debels and et.al., 2017). The
profit margin has drastic change from the last year, company should be able to observe its net
sales and earnings before tax. The company has increase in rate of return of assets from past year
but still it does not match the industry standards. Inventory turnover, average collection period,
times interest earned ratio and gearing ratio are decreasing from past year and they are also able
to match the industry standards so by summing up the financial performance of Wordsworth
company it should keep track on industry trends and new innovations which will directly impact
there performance and will generate better revenues.
CONCLUSION
From the above report it has been concluded that finance is very important for every
organisation. The present report gives understanding about the evaluation of financial
performance of the business with various ratios according to the standards of the industry.
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REFERENCES
Books and journals
Rahman, N. H. A. And et.al., 2017. AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF CONTROL ACTIVITIES
IN MANAGING RISK FOR SUSTAINABLE MALAYSIAN MANUFACTURING SMES.
Asia-Pacific Management Accounting Journal. 12(2).
Rubin, G. D. and Patel, B. N., 2017. Financial Forecasting and Stochastic Modeling: Predicting
the Impact of Business Decisions. Radiology. 283(2). pp.342-358.
Zhang, Z. and Reay, T., 2018. Managing the Yin and Yang of family capital: a study of Chinese
immigrant entrepreneurs. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development. pp.1-27.
Murendo, C. and Mutsonziwa, K., 2017. Financial literacy and savings decisions by adult
financial consumers in Zimbabwe. International Journal of Consumer Studies. 41(1).
pp.95-103.
Harvey, B. C., 2017. Juggling chainsaws: managing the tensions between strategic planning and
decentralized budgeting. Planning for Higher Education. 45(3). p.22.
Abdel-Haleem, H. M. and Abdel-Hafez, M. F., 2017. Strategic Map for the Balanced
Performance as a Tool for Managing the Strategic Performance at the Egyptian Olympic
Bodies in the Light of Thirty-First Session Results of Rio De Janeiro, Brazil, 2016
(Comparative Study). Journal of Applied Sports Science. 6(4).
Brunnermeier, M. K., Sockin, M. and Xiong, W., 2017. China's Gradualistic Economic
Approach and Financial Markets. American Economic Review. 107(5). pp.608-13.
Kim, H. W. and Li, M. H., 2017. Managing stormwater for urban sustainability: an evaluation of
local comprehensive plans in the Chesapeake Bay watershed region. Journal of
Environmental Planning and Management. 60(10). pp.1702-1725.
Debels, P. and et.al., 2017. The CLME+ Strategic Action Programme: An ecosystems approach
for assessing and managing the Caribbean sea and North Brazil Shelf Large Marine
Ecosystems. Environmental development. 22. pp.191-205.
ONLINE
The importance of Financial Planning for a business, 2018. [Online]. Available
through :<https://bizfluent.com/about-6811455-importance-financial-planning-
business.html>.
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Directors need to know, 2018. [Online]. Available through
:<https://gbr.pepperdine.edu/2010/08/what-directors-need-to-know/>.
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