University of Hertfordshire: MANET and VoIP Performance and Simulation

This report delves into the performance analysis of Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANET) and Voice over IP (VoIP). It begins by defining MANET, its characteristics, and its limitations, including bandwidth constraints and security concerns. The report then introduces VoIP, highlighting its benefits and challenges. Key VoIP issues such as jitter (packet delay variation), delay (latency), and throughput are examined, along with their causes and potential solutions. The report also explores the performance of File Transfer Protocol (FTP) in the context of wireless networks, addressing challenges like latency and throughput. Furthermore, it discusses route optimization in Mobile IPv6, including packet-mode optimization and auto-discovery. The report concludes by summarizing the key findings and implications for wireless network design and performance. The report also includes references to relevant academic papers and patents.

Abstract
Mobile Adhoc Network (MANET) is routable networking which is found in a link layer of ad hoc
network, it is also known as a wireless ad-hoc network. Its structure contains mobile nodes which
are connected through self configurations wirelessly. MANET modes can any time move randomly
since the network always change randomly. Nodes act as a router as they forward network traffics to
the target node in the network. It can operate alone or under a large network and mostly it forms a
high dynamic topology on multiple nodes available. MANET bandwidth is also a big constraint
where wireless is unreliable, inefficient, unstable and also low capacity as compared with a wired
network. It may also sometimes limited to security since wireless is prone to the security threads
hence it might not be the ultimate choice. Configuration requires less human activity since they are
dynamically autonomous.2
Introduction
Voice over IP (VoIP) is one utility which offers great benefits in the field of the technology. Such
benefits are cost reductions, perfect management of only one network instead of two, and also
deploying converge applications. Jitter is a commonly known connectionless problem over a
network or networks packet switch. Data information, that is, voice packets are divided into several
packets which travels using different paths from the sender to the receiver. If in-case the packets
arrived at the intended destination to the receiver in a different order they were sent then it is
referred to as scramble or poor audio. This is called the jitters call because the message is delivered
wrongly from which the sender intended to send in a certain manner. It is one of the most
commonly used VoIP calls in quality problems. The solution to jitter is to use buffers which
temporarily stores arriving packets mainly to minimize delay variations hence if the packet arrives
too late then they are discarded.3

Modeling and Simulation of Mobile IPv6 and MANET
Simulation with mobile IP

Application Configuration and Profile Configuration setup

Use of AODV as the routing protocol MANET
Mobile Adhoc Network (MANET) is routable networking which is found in a link layer of ad hoc
network, it is also known as a wireless ad-hoc network. Its structure contains mobile nodes which
are connected through self configurations wirelessly. MANET modes can any time move randomly
since the network always change randomly. Nodes act as a router as they forward network traffics to
the target node in the network. It can operate alone or under a large network and mostly it forms a
high dynamic topology on multiple nodes available. MANET bandwidth is also a big constraint
where wireless is unreliable, inefficient, unstable and also low capacity as compared with a wired
network. It may also sometimes limited to security since wireless is prone to the security threads
hence it might not be the ultimate choice. Configuration requires less human activity since they are
dynamically autonomous.7
Route

optimization in Mobile IPv6
Route optimization in IPv6 is extended with a packet-mode optimization and auto-discovery with
fixed target rules. It supports management access by using the IPv6 IP addresses in both the primary
and also auxiliary interfaces. Steelheads help to optimize the traffics. The primary interface is
mainly connected to the LAN switch to manage appliance on the interface and they are connected
either by use of CLI or web UI. Auxiliary Interface is always an optional port mainly used to
connect the appliance to non-Riverbed devices for the management of the network. Their IP must
always be on another subnet to that of primary sub-net.2

VoIP performance
Voice over IP (VoIP) is one utility which offers great benefits in the field of the technology. Such
benefits are cost reductions, perfect management of only one network instead of two, and also
deploying converge applications. The VoIP may experience some challenges such as:1
1) Jitter
Jitter is a commonly known connectionless problem over a network or networks packet switch.
Data information, that is, voice packets are divided into several packets which travels using
different paths from the sender to the receiver. If in-case the packets arrived at the intended
destination to the receiver in a different order they were sent then it is referred to as scramble or
poor audio. This is called the jitters call because the message is delivered wrongly from which the
sender intended to send in a certain manner. It is one of the most commonly used VoIP calls in
quality problems. The solution to jitter is to use buffers which temporarily stores arriving packets
mainly to minimize delay variations hence if the packet arrives too late then they are discarded.4

2) Delay
Delay also known as latency is the amount of time taken by speech speed to exit speakers and reach
the listener's ear. Latency normally sounds like an echo. It may occur in several ways such as
propagation delay where it may take a long time to reach the receiver ear that the normal time it
should always take, handling delay where devices used in networks may cause handling delays and
also queuing delay where the packets queue because of the conjugations in the network. This
normally depends on several factors such as physical distance and the number of network devices
available in the network. Physical distance will affect the delay because the devices used for data
file transfer such fiber optic cables may have some issues such as noise which will interrupt the
process. A number of devices also is a big concern because if the routers are not enough in the
network then it will cause the network to slow down hence the performance is affected. The
solution is to prioritize VoIP traffic over the network which normally yields latency and also jitter
improvements.3

3) Throughput
Throughput in VoIP is always experienced in a scenario where the rate at which data packets
proceed may be delayed. This is caused by several factors such as poor internet connections and
also inadequate routers. Poor internet connections normally cause the delay in data packets sending
hence causing some delays of which it will arise some issues like jittering. There should also be
enough routers in the network to facilitate the strength and efficiency of the network. Enough
routers in the network will make the communications much easier and also it will ensure that there
is no congestion in the network traffic.5

FTP performance
FTP ( File Transfer Protocol) is basically the troubleshooting of the file transfer across the network.
This FTP will facilitate the transfer of the files across the network by checking the file size and the
data arrival from the sender hence it will calculate the time possible for the transfer. FTP may also
experience some challenges such as:6
1) Latency or Delay
Latency also is known as the delay is the amount of time needed to transfer data files from the
source to destinations. This normally depends on several factors such as physical distance and the
number of network devices available in the network. Physical distance will affect the delay because
the devices used for data file transfer such fiber optic cables may have some issues such as noise
which will interrupt the process. A number of devices also is a big concern because if the routers are
not enough in the network then it will cause the network to slow down hence the performance is
affected.6

2) Throughput
Throughput is the amount data files send or received per unit time. FTP performance might be
affected by the number of files send per unit time across the network. Data information, that is,
voice packets are divided into several packets which travels using different paths from the sender to
the receiver. If in-case the packets arrived at the intended destination to the receiver in a different
order they were sent then it is referred to as scramble or poor audio. This is called the jitters call
because the message is delivered wrongly from which the sender intended to send in a certain
manner. It is one of the most commonly used VoIP calls in quality problems. The solution to jitter is
to use buffers which temporarily stores arriving packets mainly to minimize delay variations hence
if the packet arrives too late then they are discarded. It might be caused by factors as the speed of
the network and also the devices available in the network.8

Conclusions
Route optimization in IPv6 is extended with a packet-mode optimization and auto-discovery with
fixed target rules. It supports management access by using the IPv6 IP addresses in both the primary
and also auxiliary interfaces. Steelheads help to optimize the traffics. The primary interface is
mainly connected to the LAN switch to manage appliance on the interface and they are connected
either by use of CLI or web UI. Auxiliary Interface is always an optional port mainly used to
connect the appliance to non-Riverbed devices for the management of the network. Their IP must
always be on another subnet to that of primary sub-net.7

Reference
Addepalli, S. K., Sudhaakar, R. S., Dai, L. L., & Lee, K. C. (2015). U.S. Patent No. 9,036,509.
Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.
1 Ahmad, Masood, Abdul Hameed, Ataul Aziz Ikram, and Ishtiaq Wahid. "State-of-the-Art
Clustering Schemes in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks: Objectives, Challenges, and Future Directions."
IEEE Access 7 (2019): 17067-17081.
2 Alam, Tanweer, and Mohamed Benaida. "The Role of Cloud-MANET Framework in the
Internet of Things (IoT)." arXiv preprint arXiv:1902.09436 (2019).
Benevolo, C., Dameri, R. P., & D’Auria, B. (2019). Smart mobility in smart city. In Empowering
Organizations (pp. 13-28). Springer, Cham.
Fu, M., Rothfeld, R., & Antoniou, C. (2018). Exploring Preferences for Transportation Modes in an
Urban Air Mobility Environment: Munich Case Study. Transportation Research Record,
0361198119843858.
3 Hrabcak, David, Lubomir Dobos, and Jan Papaj. "The Concept of 2-Layer Routing for
Wireless 5G Networks and Beyond." In 2019 29th International Conference Radioelektronika
(RADIOELEKTRONIKA), pp. 1-5. IEEE, 2019.
4 Khudher, Ali Abdulrazzaq. "SIP ASPECTS OF IPV6 TRANSITIONS: CURRENT
ISSUESAND FUTURE DIRECTIONS." Journal of Engineering Science and Technology 14, no. 1
(2019): 448-463.