Diabetes Report: Databases, Health Promotion, and Diabetes in NYC

This report addresses the escalating concern of diabetes, particularly in Manhattan, New York, where a significant percentage of the population is affected. It emphasizes the lifestyle-related nature of the disease and the potential for prevention through lifestyle modifications. The report analyzes various databases, including those from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the New York State Department of Health, which provide crucial information on diabetes, its causes, and treatment. It highlights the importance of programs like Health People 2020 in promoting healthy lifestyles and preventing type 2 diabetes. The report also discusses the impact of factors such as sedentary lifestyles, fast food consumption, and stress on diabetes prevalence in Manhattan. It suggests health promotion strategies like health camps, exercise programs, and educational initiatives focused on healthy diets, weight management, and stress reduction. Furthermore, the report incorporates the Health Promotion Model by Nola J. Pender, emphasizing individual characteristics, behavior-specific cognitions, and behavioral outcomes in diabetes management. The role of stress as a contributing factor to diabetes is also examined, with recommendations for stress reduction techniques. The report concludes by underscoring the need for comprehensive health education and community resources to combat the rising incidence of diabetes.

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Diabetes is a growing concern among masses. In Manhattan New York area a staggering 36.2
% of people are suffering from Diabetes. (Wild et al, 2004). This is a lifestyle disorder which
can be prevented. Diabetes not only causes damage to the major organs but in long run, it
shortens and lifespan of an individual. Our sedentary lifestyle and eating habits have caused
us the ever growing number of lifestyle disorder. There are various databases available
which will help people fight with Diabetes. There are data Centres for Disease Control and
prevention database which deals with various diseases and conditions. There is focus on
diseases like ADHD, Cancer, Diabetes, Heart Disease, Flu and STD’s. As for considering a
data for people suffering from diabetes, it has been the most helpful. It not only describes the
basics of the disease for the better understanding of the diabetic patients but also has all the
latest update about the disease. What are the new medicines in the market? Also the
programmes and initiatives by the government for disease prevention
New York state Department of Health database also discusses many diseases like Zika virus,
Colon Cancer, Breast Cancer Programmes and also there is Marijuana Practitioner Course
available. This course will help many people who are addicted to this drug. This course is not
offered by many universities.
Next searched database is New York Department of Health and Mental Hygiene. It is one of
the largest public health agencies in the world. There work is broad ranging. They are the
disease detectives. They study the patterns of diseases, their causes and effects. This
department faces many challenges. Health inequality for people in New York is the main
focus for this organisation.
Health People 2020 is a programme launched by Health and Human Services in December
2010. The goals of the programme are to attain high-quality life, helps preventing diseases ,

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disability , injury and premature death. This helps in preventing Diabetes before it occurs.
The type 2 Diabetes can be prevented by lifestyle modifications. This programme helps
people in adapting a healthy lifestyle and preventing various diseases. Its helps in creating a
social and physical environment that promote good health for all. Diabetes type 2 is a
preventable disease. This programme helps in its prevention or in many cases can delay its
onset. The data used by this programme includes socio-demographic data tabulated which is
separated by race, Hispanic origin , gender , education , disability as selected by the
population type. (Buse et al, 2009)
For an average patient of diabetes navigating through these database will be very helpful.
Centres for Disease Control and prevention database gives complete information regarding
Diabetes. An average patient suffering from the disease will find all the required information
in this database. There is all the necessary information regarding how it is caused to its
treatment and prevention. There is also mention of all the new programmes and initiatives in
the neighbourhood. Next will be New York Department of Health and Mental Hygiene they
have a very broad spectrum. As discussed above they are disease detectives. They help a
patient to understand the main factors causing the disease. They investigate how the disease
affects the population, what are the disease impacts on the society (Health People, 2020)
programme has been most helpful in the pre-disease stage. It helped in learning how can the
disease be prevented by building healthy social and environmental surroundings.
There are many factors in Manhattan New York area which has contributed as Diabetes being
a major Lifestyle disorder. The lifestyle followed by many people there is sedentary. It has a
fast food culture. Fast food has high amounts of sugar and salt in it. It contributes to the early
onset of lifestyle disorders including Diabetes. Diabetes also occurs due to stress. Stress is

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also one of the major contributors in the modern era. New York has a stressful work
environment; this can also cause failure of normal functioning of insulin causing diabetes.
Health promotion is New York can be done by many ways. There can be health camps in
various parks where people gather. In these camps, medical practitioner can conduct a free
random sugar check. (Alberti et al, 2006). This will alarm many people who are not aware of
their diabetic condition. There they can be taught the effects of good health. People can be
taught that how 30 minutes of regular exercise very day is required for a healthy mind and
body. Also, it is necessary to inform people the requirement of the healthy diet. An excessive
consumption of fast food which is easily available can because for many diseases. A healthy
mind resides in a healthy body.
Exercise is crucial for patients with diabetes. It has many mental and health benefits. It has
been seen that most people with diabetes do not indulge in exercise. Exercise is a very crucial
part to have good health in diabetes (Liese et al, 2013). Regular weight check-ups along with
regular blood sugar check-ups are necessary .It is important to keep the risk of obesity at bay.
Obesity also causes many disorders and exercise is required to prevent it. So it is important to
make them feel positive. Initiate positive change in them so that they can fight the disease.
There are is need for educating people related to diet. None of the database has discussed it in
detail. Diet should be based on whole grain diet instead of starch based. The food has to be
rich in fibres such as oats, beans, peas, lentils, grains, seeds and fruits. It is important to
follow a low-fat diet and not consume any processed foods. Eat a healthy breakfast to avoid
hypoglycaemia. Minimise the sedentary lifestyle. Effective weight loss programmes can be
joined which have many types of exercises to choose from. By keeping weight in check and
eating a balanced diet is very essential and it can serve as key elements to controlling many

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diseases. Moderate daily exercise for 30 minutes is required. Also, it is important to use the
community resources such as the community hall to provide awareness to the people. It is
important to address the key factor behind the increasing weight loss.
The diseases associated with diabetes need to be checked. The factors causing aggravation of
symptoms or progress of the disease has to be taken care of. The patients need to understand
various education and health services which will help to detect the early onset of various
diseases. Educating people for the early detection of the sign of diabetes is important
(Giordano et al, 2014).
Health Promotion Model (HPM) by Nola J Pender
Nola J Pender is the former professor of nursing at the University of Michigan. Her model
has mainly three areas of focus, firstly, individual characteristics and their experiences and
secondly, the behaviour specific cognition and its effect and thirdly the behavioural
outcomes.
In this, there are background factors that influence health and behaviour. The patients are
expected to engage in activity which will get us the desired result. In this, there are changes
in behaviour adapted to achieve a healthy lifestyle. In the case of diabetes, there is a
requirement of eating healthy and exercise regularly. All these changes will help in achieving
better diabetic control. The individual experiences of the patient have to be considered while
giving medication and deciding on their diet. If proper diet and exercise pattern are followed
then the onset of complication in Diabetes can be delayed.
Stress also acts as a factor to induce many diseases such as diabetes. None of the data base
has discussed the effects of stress in detail. In an area like Manhattan New York stress works
as an key ingredient for many diseases.

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Having too many responsibilities on your shoulder causes stress .For example in the case of
working women sometimes they need to cope with their work as well as household activities
(Krishnan, 2014). Children are mostly dependent on their mother for various needs. This
keeps them too occupied and is a great factor for stress. There are many stress factors in work
like long working hours, working under dangerous conditions or may be facing some
harassment at workplace. Stress can be at any age group. There are a lot of students who have
a stressful academic life. While teenage is approached there is the stress of getting into high
school with good grades and further college admission. There can be multiple factors of
stress at any age group. This can cause hypertension at a very early age. Under stress
response, our liver produces an excess of sugar for energy. Later when the stress levels are
lowered the excess of sugar is again absorbed by the body. In Repeated attacks of stress, the
body will not be able to absorb the excess of sugar back again and again. Hence it develops
the chances of Diabetes Mellitus type 2. Under stress, we frequently have headaches and
body aches
Stress can be reduced in lot many ways. A person should have a hobby to reduce stress. It is
important to take time outs to reduce stress also moderate exercise and spending time with
family and friends helps in fighting stress.

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References
Alberti, K. G. M. M., Zimmet, P., & Shaw, J. (2006). Metabolic syndrome—a new world‐
wide definition. A consensus statement from the international diabetes federation. Diabetic
medicine, 23(5), 469-480.
Buse, J. B., Caprio, S., Cefalu, W. T., Ceriello, A., Del Prato, S., Inzucchi, S. E., ... & Kahn,
R. (2009). How do we define cure of diabetes?. Diabetes care, 32(11), 2133-2135.
Giordano, S., Martocchia, A., Toussan, L., Stefanelli, M., Pastore, F., Devito, A., ... &
Falaschi, P. (2014). Diagnosis of hepatic glycogenosis in poorly controlled type 1 diabetes
mellitus. World journal of diabetes, 5(6), 882.
Krishnan, D. (2014). Factors Causing Stress among Working Women and Strategies to Cope
Up. IOSR Journal Of Business And Management, 16(5), 12-17.
Liese, A. D., Ma, X., Maahs, D. M., & Trilk, J. L. (2013). Physical activity, sedentary
behaviors, physical fitness, and their relation to health outcomes in youth with type 1 and
type 2 diabetes: A review of the epidemiologic literature. Journal of Sport and Health
Science, 2(1), 21-38
Wild, S., Roglic, G., Green, A., Sicree, R., & King, H. (2004). Global prevalence of diabetes
estimates for the year 2000 and projections for 2030. Diabetes care, 27(5), 1047-1053.