Exploring Management and Operations Strategies: Mark & Spencer Case

This report provides an analysis of management and operations within Mark & Spencer (M&S), a major UK retail company. It explores the roles and characteristics of leaders and managers, focusing on how they contribute to organizational effectiveness through planning, implementation, and control. The report discusses the application of leadership and management functions in various situational contexts, highlighting the differences between management and leadership and the importance of contingency leadership theories. It also examines key approaches to operations management at M&S, including resource management, production processes, and service delivery, emphasizing the impact of environmental factors and the role of decision-making in operational effectiveness. The report concludes by underscoring the significance of effective management and leadership in driving organizational productivity and fostering new opportunities for M&S.

Management and
Operations

TABLE OF CONTENT
Part 1................................................................................................................................................3
INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................................................3
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................3
Various roles and characteristics of a leader and a manager.......................................................3
The role of leader and function of manager apply in various situational contexts......................4
Difference between management and leadership........................................................................5
Contingency leadership theories and models, approaches, including with situation analysis.....6
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................6
PART 2............................................................................................................................................7
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................7
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................7
The key approaches of operation management............................................................................7
The role of operation leaders and managers play........................................................................8
Operation management importance and values:..........................................................................8
Factors in the business environment that impact upon operational management:.......................9
Operational management roles in decision-making:..................................................................11
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................11
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................12

Part 1
INTRODUCTION
Management and operations is essential and important part of each organization.
Business owner, manager, leader manage various aspects for effective industry growth and
development (Yoo and et,al., 2021). Mark and Spencer industry is all above retail company in
UK, they have multiple products and their own brands as well. Proper management of M&S
company require special framework because business has multiple department for smooth run
organization. The company manager and leader generate effectiveness in employee, so they
perform well for the business. This report will guide about that how company manager can
manage so many functions and how they develop effectiveness in business with the application
of different tools and techniques.
MAIN BODY
Various roles and characteristics of a leader and a manager
Leader and manager are responsible for generate effectiveness in overall organization
activities for better performance with innovative idea and with the help of proper plan. Leader set
direction for employee that they follow and implement and execute their set goals. Both has their
individual power and authority (Iqbal and et.al., 2021). Mark and Spencer company owner set
goals and their leader set vision for growth. They mainly sell cloths, food products and home
essentials. So the company manager divide department like marketing, human resource
management, operation production and finance depart. Each department has different task and
their goals but their vision is only one to develop new opportunity for organization. Mark and
Spencer organization manager and leader roles and characteristics are as follows.
M&S company manager prepare plan for different department. They develop planning
about that which things require for the particular task completion, and they generate different
aspects. Without effective manager organization is not survives in the market because manager
provides clear idea about the important section. Manager has mainly four responsibilities role
like they prepare planning, nest is that they organize and implementing the plan, after organizing
activity they lead their planning and last one is to controlling which means if any individual do
something wrong and some products selling low then they have power and responsibility to
implement different plan for organization. Mark and Spencer face many problems when digital
technology launch in market not only this particular company so many business affects from

advance technology development (Agustina and Kristiawan, 2021). Manager develop mission for
the company, they prepare some alternative as well. Then they organize design job and specify
staff position and their work power. Completion of job distribution of individual organization
manager focuses on controlling, this one is major aspect for business because so many bad
performance, employee work behaviour, productivity and many things affects the overall
business plan. Manager has responsibility that they manage multiple things with impressive
manner. Mark and Spencer manager apply this over all plan for the development and increment
of new opportunities and successfully survives in competitive market.
Leader has clarity and knowledge about particular department, Mark and Spencer has
multiple department and their leaders. They have power to control and motivate the employee
and gives them right direction. Leader is mainly responsible to develop team work as well,
because business has group of multiple individuals, so its essential that leader develops team
work and guide their employee. Mark and Spencer leader do influence employee behaviour in
positive manner. Motivate employee, guidance, development of inspiration, time management
and many more role is beneficial for effective business growth and for goal achievement
(Schwepker Jr and Dimitriou, 2021).
The role of leader and function of manager apply in various situational contexts
Organization follows multiple aspects which requires for the new skill development in
employee, improve their satisfaction at work place. And the main role of leader is to
management of people, develop changes according to situation analyse and increase performance
with productive manner. M&S company faces numerous issues in their business plan and
strategies regulation but their mentor, influencer, manager, communicator, motivator etc. manage
and implement strategies in employee work force and the skill expansion.
Company's overall growth and productivity totally depends on proper guidance from
leader because its essential aspect is to manage employee work force, without proper guidance
employees are not survives in long term (Ramdass, Ṋemavhola and Mokgohloa, 2021). On the
basis of their behaviour and work productivity leader easily analyse about the problems and
develop new plans for problems solution. Leader provide training sessions, learning programs,
skill development class, and many more which is requires for employee growth and improving
their effectiveness towards their work.

Mark and Spencer organization manager focuses on multiple task, but they face many
challenges like lack of communication between two employees, departmental issues, time
management, handling different perspective, improvement in employee skills etc. So basically
manager always focuses on about that which changes requirement is essential for organization
productivity improvement. M&S company daily face marketing issue on the basis of innovative
technology its very important about technology advancement knowledge, because lack-of
knowledge develop so many challenges for services in the competitive market.
The company manager manage wants to develop time management activity because so
many employee takes leave without information its affects the overall business productivity.
Because operation, marketing, human resource, finance all activities totally depends on
employee performance, if they take leaves it affects the new opportunity expansion as well.
Second thing which is mainly faces by the Mark and Spencer is that their changes and variations
in technology, they provide online services as well but lack of knowledge about technology
advancement is major issue, people want specific and proper guidance and this business wants
recruitment of technology experts who has clear and effective idea that how innovation increase
the company performance (Rana and et.al., 2021). Analysis of different aspect is easier but the
implementation and leading of employee wants proper structure and effective knowledge.
According to changes is totally depends on the requirement basis.
Difference between management and leadership
Leadership and management both the terms are different from each other, organization
manager, leader manage various functions of company, business manager develop different
sections and departments. Leadership skills is essential to provides lead and coach to their
employee for the effective performance. Management is broad concept for manage strategy and
implement plan for organization performance, M&S company manager mainly develop
strategies for marketing, because in the competitive market so many business use multiple
technology advance in their marketing and selling activity. So the company manager and leader
manage and develop plans for effective management expansion. On the basis of situation they
implement new strategy for smooth run organization.
Leadership methods and skills improves the quality of business new employ and existing
employee. Different leadership style has different benefits and causes as well. Mark and Spencer
organization believes in democratic leadership style in their business because their owner maager

and leader believes that every decision which is develops for overall business plan is very
important, that every employee know about new decision and give them authority for their ideas
discussion (Olayisade, and Awolusi, 2021). Proper idea about how to implement new changes is
beneficial for long term business plan.
Contingency leadership theories and models, approaches, including with situation analysis
Leader has various role and responsibilities for maintaining different factors and
development of effectiveness in individual. Leader leads the overall business plan activities.
Successful leadership style is mainly develops by the knowledge of different leadership
approaches and theories. Mark and Spencer company leader develop and implement various
theories are s follows,
Path goal theory of leadership:
Organization uses this theory for the management of employee satisfaction, motivation
and their activities. On the basis of the name of this theory directly gives idea about that this
theory of leadership approach is beneficial for long term. It develops people trust towards the
company. Motivation is the best arty for increase the employee performance and improves their
trust as well. Mark and Spencer company use this model and approach for direction, develop
support, participation towards the job, and gives direction for achievement of goals. Basically
path goal theory provide clear direction for aims winning (MENGEL, 2021).
Fielder's Contingency Model:
On the basis of this theory individual leader has knowledge and potential to solve any
problem. Unwanted situations wants effective ad fast solution for organization performance. S
this theory provide guidance about how individual leader can manage various problems with
proper manner. Mark and Spencer use this model when they face employee work behaviour
issue, their leader analyse about the lack of communication is the biggest problem of this
business productivity, so their leader develop plan and strategy for this problem with the
implementation of motivation in employee.
CONCLUSION
It has been summarized form the above reflective study that business manager has
potential about that they can smoothly run company's activities impressive manner with
utilization of proper management. It has been clear that Mark and Spencer manager and leader
manage multiple factors according to situational analysis, and they applied theorize and models

for effective organization productivity and new opportunity development. This report provided
clarity about that different product, new product development require effective management
plan.
PART 2
INTRODUCTION
Organization develops various department for the effective development of business.
Operation management is important part of every industry, overall business activities depends on
the operation manager, they develop changes according to requirement basis. Mark and Spencer
operation manager monitoring, designing the goods and services for business performance. They
manage resource management with effective manner, they provide and lead information about
production process. This report will clearly give idea about that why operation management is
essential for business, how environmental factor affect this management plan and which
decision-making process they use.
MAIN BODY
The key approaches of operation management
Operation is one of the major important aspect for business supply chain management,
finance, human resource. Its essential that organization owner mainly focuses on it. Because it
beneficial for generate new opportunities for overall business. Mark and Spencer company
believes in the managing product and services. This particular management department manager
handle that which resources require for production and according to audience requirement they
develop productivity of individual product. And which services mostly requires by the customer
and how to provide them product with impressive manner (Hassan and Jiang, 2021).
Mark and Spencer industry and other business applies various activities like product cost
controlling, availability of resource with reasonable cost, and they mainly consider the plan like
input, operation and output process which means product input raw material availability, then
production department where company prepare product for customer according to their
requirement basis and last one is out put where business operation department manager and
employee manage and provide services to in the market.

The role of operation leaders and managers play
Operation manager set task for business objective and leader implement and manage
multiple task. Production activity plays major role in this management, manager and leader
provide guidance that how to utilize the machines, development of new technology advance use
and many more. Basically manager provide direction and leader provide motivation, training,
guidance about the particular job. Both the human resource essential for managing the operation
activity within the business. Manager develop plan and manage employee work force with the
knowledge of employee capability and their skill. It essential aspect that operation leader expand
their knowledge about the technology advancement development in production activity for
survives in the competitive market. Mark and Spencer company manager and leader prepares
proper strategy for maintaining the various activities with proper time management, and effective
utilization of resources (Kumar and Ramachandran, 2021).
Operation management importance and values:
Operation management is essential in a business system because it assists efficaciously
manage, control and monitor goods, services and multitudes. Operation management in mark and
Spencers cuts crosswise all aspect and industry as it may care (Wang, and et.al 2021). Operation
management insight use in every business though some might not be evident. In wellness sector,
operations management insure there is correct health bringing with the accurate devices at the
exact time.
It also assists people like nursemaid, doctors, surgeons, and other health officers deliver
punctuality service. Operation management transmute worker, capital, equipment, property,
buildings, materials, and information into goods and service that gives added worth to customers
(Zarei, Khan, and Abbassi, 2021). All organizations must attempt to increase the quality of their
change procedure to meet client's demands. When something goes lacking, a technological and
knowing individual recognize what is at fault. Operation management is widely used dis-
regardless of the situation of a company or what they do. Key goodness of effectual operation
management are below:
1)Product quality:
The basic portion in a typical firm that checks strength and depend on in a good is the
operation's management. Mark and Spencer management looks after the choice of products or

goods which would suit customers on and after transportation. When a product is of quality, it
supplies a boundary compared to your competition.
2)Productivity:
The ratio of input output and it is the only mode to confirm workers input. Operations
management assure suitable faculty of workers to resources to get on upper limit outcome. The
only means to check ratio is through an effectual operation's management.
3)Customer satisfaction:
There is no thought for a managing director or an employee as a client acquiring the
extreme gratification ever. Operations management justifiably assure this united with superior
product. Customers make organization prosper, and they must be activated fit in all manner
essential and manageable.
4)Reduced operating cost:
Through productivity, choice merchandise and client satisfaction, price obtain on
products service is maximally decreased. This at the same time leads to enhanced scene. Only
operation's management can make this achievable. In reduction in operating value, there is also
waste decrement. Perfect number/size of products is produced as requested via a correct
operation management.
Factors in the business environment that impact upon operational management:
There are few factors affecting the operation management and decision-making of
managers and leaders of Mark and Spencer Ltd. Which are discussed as follows:
1)Global competition:
Global competition is an essential element that is impacting the operation management
and decision-making of the Mark and Spencer (Raut, and et.al 2019). As a multinational retail
merchant, they have so many assortments of wearable choices offered for their individual
customers but other competitions globally impacting the client's base of the organization.

Without the online store, they demand to concentrate on the Asian market to catch many
customers and attract them to compete worldwide.
2)Material and capital security:
Raw materials and capital are the most critical components of operation management.
The organization should necessarily have a close look to secure them and assure the correct
usage of the materials.
3)Quality, customer care, and expenditure challenge:
Client's need a superior quality creation with improved service and inexpensive cost. But
keeping three of them can increase the price of manufacture. So giving customers with finer
product and service quality is a large challenge of Mark and Spencer.
4)Social responsibilities:
Each and every organization has to do several social well-being for the localized
community and hold a great kinship with society. Because these kinds of social troubles can
seriously assure the betterment or damage to the company's business status.
5)Expansion of technology advancement:
For the mark and Spencer technology is essential to form the fabrication and procedure of
dealings easy and accessible in the company for workers. The progression of technology
empower the establishment to pay attention on the fresh markets, consumer based and a unit of
citizens with their enlargement of it. Mark and Spencer, as transnational establishment
merchandiser has to form their technical progression judgment very cautiously and utilize them
in unique style to make the top-grade usage of it.
6)Legal considerations:
Mark and Spencer Ltd. Has to be obsessed about their concepts and orders in several
parts like taxation, import-export, governance rules etc. Any kind of non-compliance can impact
negatively on the business organization and restraint the situations of business. Overall, the
decisions should be taken with the seemly observance of the actual lawful conditions whenever
required.

7)Business Ethics:
Mark and Spencer obey from each one to every primary business morals of the business
surroundings. They exercise their business dealings by holding the code of morality so the
business plans do not restraint with any harmful situations.
Operational management roles in decision-making:
Leaders must bed known about how to lead and manage. Otherwise, without leading and
managing efficaciously, nowadays companies face the danger of inactivity. Much expert leaders
are, the more liable they will feel positive in their quality and capability to make great
conclusions (Abubakar, and et.al 2019). Only the leader that knows the quality an law of
judgement will be capable to cooperate with tangled and stimulating positions more efficaciously
than the leader who does not feature any of the thoughts. In mark and Spencer, all leaders want
multitudes and in like way, all multitudes demand leaders in command to fulfil in needs of goals
and outcomes in the firm. It needs humbleness and communion individual with another.
CONCLUSION
The report concludes how leadership and management unit can change general dealings
inside the organization. Reflects the main trading operations of the organization. Information of
each of the primal usable roles, knowing the duty and obligation of managers in the fundamental
work purposes. Process of the important operable formulation to operations administration and
their worth. Judgement of the consequences of outer business concern surrounding elements that
impact on decision-making by leadership and management. Also, the company's environment
that how operational skilfulness can be reinforced to reach successfully towards business goals
using proper management and leadership formulation.

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