Report on Organisational Behaviour and Culture at Mark & Spencer

This report provides an analysis of organisational behaviour and culture at Mark & Spencer, focusing on key elements such as employee motivation, communication strategies, and the application of theoretical models like the Iceberg model and McGregor's X and Y theory. It explores how M&S uses various methods, including events, public relations models, and internal reward systems, to foster a positive work environment and enhance its brand image. The report also examines the significance of strategic communication and integrated marketing communication in maintaining organisational standards and adapting to a rapidly changing environment. Furthermore, it discusses the importance of cultural motivation, highlighting the company's use of traditional and digital technologies to engage and appreciate its personnel. The report concludes by emphasising the role of organisational culture in determining company goals, productivity, and overall performance, suggesting methods for enhancing the organisational culture, such as embracing employee autonomy, reducing turnover, and creating clear values.

Organisation behaviour

Executive summary
Organizational culture contains the beliefs, attitudes, conduct, standards and artefacts that unite
the firm's members. Like other cultural contexts, with the cooperation of members,
organisational culture evolves over a long time. Organisation need evaluating an organisation
culture. These report include theoretical frameworks of organisational behaviour and role of
culture of the organisation.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................3
Organisational culture line...........................................................................................................3
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................4
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................5

INTRODUCTION
Organisation culture sees the influencing, impact of their team to acknowledge the
uniqueness of the organisation and change them. It affect on the people working values and
regulation of the organisation. Hence it sees the relation between the company and their workers
and the connectivity of the company and the their personnel are basic analysation. As the culture
changes rapidly and according to time organisation also need to change their perception and
techniques, models to manage their organisation. The culture of an organisation always affiliated
to the organisational behaviour. This report discuss the organisational behaviour of the Mark &
Spencer and their organisational culture behaviour, their effectiveness and communication, how
company enhance their culture.
MAIN BODY
Organisational culture line
Every organisation is categorised their personnel according to their behaviour, attitude
and work profile whenever a team work is assign in an organisation. Because every individual
have different essence to work in a work field. Therefore the personnel is only one who are
essential for the success of the organisation. In a each and every organisation every individual or
team workers is affect by a surrounding culture, politics (Anaeto, 2019). The concept of a
organisation culture assess the psychology, affection, and knowledge of a organisation. When
company motivate the personnel of organisation their working perception will change and the
worker will work in a positive way. In Mark& Spencer where the workers are motivated and
they provide a positive environment to the personnel of the company. The organisation is a
customer base company where so many people involved and their team work and they make the
work more effective in a positive environment. In work with positive environment company
make a good profit because of the positive attitude of the personnel in the company.
Iceberg model:- The Iceberg model used by an M&S company. It shows the hidden sides of the
organisation and influence people to buy the product. It was developed by Edward T. Hall.
Iceberg model has four models which M&S apply on their company. There is a visible culture
and invisible culture in iceberg model the visible culture consists the dress, and tradition,
behaviour of the organisation and invisible organisation culture consists word view of their
company and assumptions, perception of the customers and their attitude towards the company
(Badubi, 2017).

Events:- M&S held events, exhibition of their clothes which creates awareness about their
firms and new design of clothes which create awareness in their consumer to buy more products.
Pattern:- as trends and people dressing style is also changing over a time then company need to
focus on the trends and design the new products according to the trends and their targeting
consumers.
Structure:- in structure company have to understand the structure of their organisation in what
pattern the consumer will influence.
Mental model:- company value and beliefs on their quality of the product that motivate people
to buy their product it can assume the shape of the organisation.
Effectiveness of organisation and it's communication
M&S is widely spread organisation all over the globe that consists the wide range of
products apparel and appliances and therefore they move forward to the food products also.
Press agentry model:- Company apply the public relation model on their organisations of James
Grunig of press agentry this model consists the one sided communication where the
communication is only from the organisation side; consumer feedback and reviews doesn't
bother them much. The reason for applying this model in organisation is because it enhance the
brand image of the organisation. Among the people they are targeting to and also the
stakeholders of the organisation (Erthal, and Marques, 2018). M&S appoint expertise for
applying this model because they create a positive impact of the organisation. Company
influence their customer by providing them a information about the company new launching,
infrastructure through various channels. Company also appoint the Caroline Quentin for their
advertisement service. The advertisement is about the company exotic food is different. Like
they create an appliances advertisement also, this is the form of communicating with the people
to engage them with the company and also promote their product.
Strategic communication in company is also play an important role. Strategic communication
check the organisation communication method while applying various approaches. Whole
investigation include advertising and management and consumer relation with these approaches.
Public relation of the organisation is very essential for the company because from
communication they will understand the relationship and their perception, preferences of what
their customer, employees want. In every sector of the company need the mutual understanding
and better relation between the team of every department this is helpful in terms of the create

awareness among the personnel of the organisation and the customer to whom they are targeting.
The discipline in the company need manager for check on all this and supervise the
organisation by giving them suitable speech and teach them about the things they don't know
about and give them essential information (Hansen, 2018). The strategic communication is very
complex it can be communicate through various method like visual, written, non-verbal and
verbal for success of the organisation to take place them into a success point. The rapidly
changing environment has given the organisation to take a measure to pursue a efficient measure
that make sure of the organisation standards and their brand image. Organisation need to
coordinate with the personnel and communicate with them and give the information of different
sector of the organisation to the workers. Even though so many organisation have adopted the
technique Integrated marketing communication for elaborate the products and variety of services
company provided.
Cultural motivation of the company
The company have more than 75000 staff and 800 UK stores (Marks and Spencer takes a
mixed approach to staff motivation, 2020). company apply traditional method to reduce their cost
and tech to engaging the personnel of the company. For instance, the company adapt yammer as
digital technology for help personnel and appreciate theme to work good and in a timely manner.
Company have to give their staff a achievement award and rewards, bonuses like M&S give
Sarah find later a head of employee relation and the app congratulate the member of the
company whatever happen regarding the company employees this will show on yammer feed
(Kloss, 2019). Such as company gave the reward to the retailer of their organisation of the
employee of the month on their internal process system. This process encourage the workers for
the organisation to work more hard to gain the position in the company and for taking the reward
through this innovative way to motivate the workers. In M&S policy every month they do a
culture program in which they a give a substantial worker a reward who passionate towards their
work and good at collaborating with others. Company also give different kind of award to their
workers. This type of things encouragement and team support drives the sales of the company on
digital basis. There are two theory which explain the motivation culture in a na organisation.
Content theory deals with a human consumption that describe why the need of people change as
time passes.

X and Y theory of motivation:- X and Y theory by Mc Gregor's explains that in X theory they
explain about the employee of the organisation that conclude that they will not do not do their
work in a good and better way when they doesn't want their job as better then they will avoid it
because they are forced by the leader to work this indicate a negative environment of the
company (Odor, 2018). In Y theory workers are so much more effective and dedicated towards
their work. In m&s the Y theory is working because all the workers of the firms are dedicated
and highly motivated towards their work. As company mainly work in a environment where
they sell clothes and premium items. For that company need HRM for betterment of the
company because of them the organisation is now in that position. And for more achievement
company want them to work in a organisation to create more innovative things for the betterment
of the organisation. In this company the productivity of the employees are good because they
work as self employed because of the positive environment of the company. Motivation is
important to achieve a success that company want in their organisation. What so ever in every
company there's is loop hole same as in this company the X theory is also seen as some
employee does not take their work seriously and they does not achieve the objective of the
workers and as well as give an organisation a motive to gain their goals.
Porter Lawler model :- the second theory of motivation is porter Lawler model. This theory is
bit hard to understand this elaborate the work pleasure while examine their perception about the
work. Three things which are important in this model that is effort, pleasure for work and work
effectiveness. How hard, smart and quality perfection work can be done by an employee of the
organisation is shown under the effort part of this theory. Pleasure for work is the main aim in
this theory (Reino, Rõigas, and Müürsepp, 2020). Effectiveness in work is also main in terms
of pleasure in a work. In M&S this theory is working because of the positive and encouraging
environment of the company. Rather than motivation the company also deal in financial and
operational methods these methods is also essential for the company growth. They evaluate the
company success rate and the behaviour theory in motivation of the company are also included
in this to achieve their goals. M&S is follow the behaviour theory of motivated company think
this is very essential for the growth of the company. Company is focusing on the growth that's
why they do such activity on daily basis to refocus their employee towards the work. For more
effectiveness in the company. Company also bring new rooms and activities during break time
for their workers and for their customer's.

Significance of the culture of organisation
Organisation culture determine company goals and objectives, productivity of workers
performance etc. To implement and for improve the organisation culture these are some of the
methods from which company can enhance their organisation.
Embrace and motivate personnel sovereignty :- if the organisation bound their employee then
they will be ineffective and does not do their work on a timely manner. Thus, it is organisation
responsibility to inspire and give their employee autonomy in work and also embrace the
organisational team for doing their work effectively.
Decreased turnover:- employee who feel safe in an organisation and have trust on their
organisation are likely to have maintain their position in the organisation. That's why company
have to make sure and adopt a better organisational culture that enhance their company
performance like, M&S adapt flat organisational structure for their company
(Smeureanu, and Diab, 2020). When workers are happy in the company it saves company
money and their valuable time.
Create and communicate values:- value in organisation is guide that how they should interact
with people in organisation and their customer's. Value should be minimal for employees, so
they can easily remember the organisation values. Value help employees to understand things in
organisation.
Assess the current culture of the company:- After the create value for an organisation company
need to look after their personnel for work deliberately and together with for betterment of the
organisation and check what type of organisational culture did the company uses for e.g.; M&S
uses flat organisational structure for their company this structure describe the level of
management in the company top to bottom that is top management from the desk line manager
company follow this structure in their organisation. Because this process motivate personnel in
decision making.
Transformational power:- organisation that remember their personnel effort to achieve the
company goals and objectives are mostly notice to change in their employee of the company. Not
so many organisation have the power to transformation in their employees. But those who have
implemented organisational culture in their company can do, like M&S.

Encourage feedback:- if organisation need to improve in their company then they should
provide feedback regarding the problems whatever company faces. Some company are more
relaxed in the feedback procedure while on other side some companies have a policies regarding
the feedback that is mandatory for all the people in the organisation. This is very help full
procedure in consideration of the company with that company can easily check the defaults and
problems of the company.
Be consistent:- in any organisation consistency is necessary with that company can easily
achieve their targets and have a stable amount of profitability. To inspire the company employee
for do their work in consistent manner the manager and supervisor of the company should also
be consistent and productive towards their work.
Organisation culture control and stable the company employees and their performance. With this
stability aim people to remain in the organisation (Woodward, 2019). The social recognition is
also important for an organisation that help the company to develop in the diversify structure of
the environment. These are some of the important process with that organisation will enhance
their company.
CONCLUSION
In organisation the perfect culture according to the company is very essential. The
organisational culture play an important part in the company achievement and betterment. While
applying organisational culture in the company, company have to make sure the team leader and
their worker have a good communication and collaboration. This influence people and at
workplace. Main focus of this approach in the organisation is enhance the organisation while
develop the employee competencies. Organizations can be structured in a number of ways, each
with its own set of benefits and drawbacks. Although issues may arise in any badly managed
system, some organisational methods are better suited to specific locations and activities. A shift
in the ecosystem usually demands a shift within the organisation that functions in that
environment.

This report include the organisational culture line and effectiveness of the organisation and their
communication, motivation and enhancing the culture of the organisation. Employees
sometimes require ongoing assistance even after an organisational shift has occurred.

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Anaeto, S.G., 2019. Managing organizational culture for effective
communication.DEGRES.18(2). pp.66-78.
Badubi, R.M., 2017. Theories of motivation and their application in organizations: A risk
analysis.International Journal of Innovation and Economic Development.3(3). pp.44-
51.
Erthal, A. and Marques, L., 2018. National culture and organisational culture in lean
organisations: a systematic review.Production Planning & Control.29(8). pp.668-687.
Hansen, M., 2018.Cultivating change: The relationship between organizational culture,
leadership style and communication style with organizational change(Doctoral
dissertation, Marquette University).
Kloss, R., 2019. Adding value to project management–The magic triangle meets the “cultural”
Iceberg. InPractical Wisdom and Diversity(pp. 205-218). Springer Gabler, Wiesbaden.
Odor, H.O., 2018. Organisational culture and dynamics.Global Journal of Management and
Business Research.
Reino, A., Rõigas, K. and Müürsepp, M., 2020. Connections between organisational culture and
financial performance in Estonian service and production companies.Baltic Journal of
Management.
Smeureanu, I. and Diab, B., 2020. Investigating the impact of organizational culture on
information technology governance.New Trends in Sustainable Business and
Consumption, p.447.
Woodward, N., 2019.‘Managing’Cultural Change on Privatisatio (pp. 85-102). Routledge.
online
Marks and Spencer takes a mixed approach to staff motivation,2020. [Online]. Available though;
<https://employeebenefits.co.uk/issues/may-2015/marks-and-spencer-takes-a-mixed-
approach-to-staff-motivation/>