Organisation Behaviour Report: Culture, Motivation, and Teams

This report provides an in-depth analysis of organisational behaviour within the context of Marks and Spencer (M&S). It examines the influence of organisational culture, politics, and power on individual and team behaviour and performance, referencing relevant theories and models. The report then evaluates content and process theories of motivation, including McClelland's Needs theory and goal-setting theory, demonstrating how these theories enable effective goal achievement within an organisational perspective. Furthermore, it explores the role of effective teams in achieving objectives, differentiating between effective and ineffective team dynamics. Finally, the report applies concepts and philosophies of organisational behaviour to a given business situation, providing a comprehensive understanding of how these elements interact to shape workplace dynamics and outcomes within M&S.

Organisation
Behaviour

Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
MAIN BODY..................................................................................................................................1
Task 1...............................................................................................................................................1
P1. Analyse how an organisation's culture, politics and power which influence individual and
team behaviour and performance.................................................................................................1
Task 2...............................................................................................................................................4
P2. Evaluate how content and process theories of motivation and motivational techniques
enables effective achievement of goal in organisation perspective.............................................4
Task 3...............................................................................................................................................6
P3. Role of effective team in achievement of objectives.............................................................6
Task 4...............................................................................................................................................9
P4. Apply concept and philosophies of organisational behaviour within an organisation
context of given business situation..............................................................................................9
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................11
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................12

INTRODUCTION
An Organisation Behaviour is a managerial understanding of human behaviour in terms
of working environment and focuses on job performance, structure, leadership, motivation and
management related theories. The organisation behaviour having design of setting as interference
between human behaviour. It enhance a purpose to study about individual and team as well as to
measure their sort of attitudes and behaviour suits with particular organisation.
As in this report, the company is taken Marks and Spencer plc is a British multinational
retailer with headquarter in London, England which mainly deals to selling branded clothes,
home appliance based product and others (Ahmad and et. al., 2020). It was founded in 1884 by
Michael Marks and Thomas Spencer in Leads. Their revenue generates around 10,181.9 million
pounds as well as around number of employees having 80,000 who serving worldwide. In report
the topics are cover to be organisation culture, politics and power which influence individual and
team aspect, two theories of motivation is explains in context of effective objective accomplish.
Effective and ineffective team tend to opposed how they are differ from each other. Applying
concept and philosophies of organisation behaviour as per business situation.
MAIN BODY.
Task 1.
P1. Analyse how an organisation's culture, politics and power which influence individual and
team behaviour and performance.
Every organisation presumes their growth and optimum generates in terms of revenue in
marketplace on the basis of culture, power and politics which having impact as per performance
and behaviour of team member of Marks and Spencer company.
Organisational Culture: It refers about to the systematic of shared values, traits and
attitudes which having set and that presumes about how an individual performing in business
related. It is having direct impact on people and their action that leads to decrease in overall
company productivity (Alasad., 2020). Politics comprise about interference about any firm
which is having link between into political parties with their norms and regulation or government
creation of laws and other certainty which influence positively and negatively that enhance to
complicated towards perform to survive in the kind of working environment. Furthermore, the
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influence of power provide a authority benefit towards an organisation. Because it is having
ability to complete things in effective manner towards individual perspective.
The organisation culture allows to implies flexibility and enhance within smooth manner
that reduces turnover mechanism as well as leaning towards the social psychological that
involves in surrounding towards UK consultancy firm. As per Marks and Spencer follows
positive influence of culture in employee behaviour which managing and mapping employees
performance and internal attributes objectives. Meanwhile, organisation culture is tend to guide
towards employees developed skills and interest healthy workforce as well as good relationship
among with each other.
In following there is explain about Charlie Handy typology theory which contains four types of
organisation proceeds in consideration of Marks and Spencer: Power Culture: In this culture, it defines about individual contains power to forming
decision making through better understanding of workplace situation. It involves several
rules and regulation where it appropriate enhance rules and regulation is having
systematic start up because of better start ups which easily presumes administration
activities (Astutia and Ingsihb., 2019). In perspective of Marks and Spencer, employees
are not having any majority ti create decision as this power is authorised to the top level
of management who hold better supervise. Task Culture: This culture factor encompasses about organisation which is having clear
aim to accomplish the objectives and targets that helps to overcame from difficulties and
issues. The impact will face through team member who suffering from task related
implication within more creative and effective way. Person Culture: As per this concerned a individual person apart from organisation such
as Marks and Spencer, where it mostly allows to provide training by self trained people
who having optimum knowledge and skills wit better understanding of work. Role Culture: According to this type, the culture is based on performance which is
pursue in Marks and Spencer and every person recognise their roles and responsibilities
towards job roles (Cahyono and et. al., 2020). The need of uses of individual
qualification, sort of behaviour and skills set which implies in job role. The role culture is
not having ability to enhance better decision making which involve less risk.
Impact of culture on individual and team performance and behaviour.
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As per according to Marks and Spencer culture is follows Task culture, where it having
impact on individual as learning and working that develop confidence towards accepting
changes easily and having better utilisation of their skills and knowledge in their systematic
manner. Meanwhile, it enhance an impact of team as effective culture that allows better
communication, decision making to solving problem and forms better decision making.
Organisational Politics: In this factor organisation refers about political affairs and states which
commencing objectives which facilitates positive outcomes towards members. The Marks and
Spencer company having necessity to comprise more effective decision making with better
judgement in order to determine and handle employees. As the politics of Marks and Spencer is
provide better understanding of politics impact on behaviour as well as performance are
explained below:
 Decrease in Productivity: The politics enhance outcomes when top influences creates
negative politics which expands whole time observation on the basis of their co-
workers that distract from their work (Curcija., Breakey and Driml, 2019). Recognise
and appraisal not provide to desering candidate which makes individual morale down
and it also describes that they could not able to feel satisfactory in current workplace.
 Dissatisfaction of workforce: By facing issues and challenges through different
problem within perfect attaining of time allotment but due to groupism other
employees feel dis respect and it creates an impact in decision making process. As in
Marks and Spencer their working culture which creates disappointment from
workplace.
From above organisation politics is having impact on individual, where their potentiality
and better efficient to perform the task as well as having directly impact on employees's
productivity where they could not able to accomplish their target. And further its impact on team
member is having better influenced because of disorder that performs with better decisions
making. As politics is provide positive outcomes towards team players that helps to accomplish
group objectives.
Influences of organisational power on the behaviour and performance:
The power is comprise about having capability that helps to influence and managing
people is having systematic or compliance oriented where it allows to attain the changes. It will
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enhance impact towards behaviour that align proper controlling over resources. Power is assorted
to ensuring compliances as well as work related commitment in Marks and Spencer.
In perspective of French and Raven, Marks and Spencer can assort power which provides
five sources which describes in given below:
 Reward Power: As per this directly related which refers about Marks and Spencer
implement rewards to those employees who able to attain better outcomes which able ton
control as per employee remuneration with better reward system.
 Coercive power: This is one of opposite that defines Marks and Spencer manager who
having knowledge to expect an unwanted work experience towards its employees
(Farrukh and et. al., 2018). This factor implies effective promotion, termination or
suspension.
 Legitimate Power: It emphasis about mutual agreement and position where it related to
assigned job responsibilities on the basis of define periods which have contain effective
knowledge and skills base. This power is assigned better work delegation on the basis of
Marks and Spencer. Expert Power: This is affiliated towards highlight to approach expertise who circulate
large information along with knowledgeable which required through employees where it
help to accomplish positive outcomes in Marks and Spencer.
Impact of powers on individual and team performance and behaviours:
Through above organisational power in Marks and Spencer basically follows Reward
Power in their work premises. The impact of power in individual to enhance self motivation and
implements highly improvement in full inner confidence towards their task and performance as
per specified time period. Apart from it, the impact in team to perform task along with targets to
attain need more contribution in desired outcomes. By concluding the organisational power it
commence to help Marks and Spencer to retain their potential employees as well as control on
their performance level with proper guidance provide to them.
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Task 2.
P2. Evaluate how content and process theories of motivation and motivational techniques
enables effective achievement of goal in organisation perspective.
Motivation: It is process that intimates, guides and concerned goal nature of behaviour.
Motivation is type of desire as an act to facilitates service for attaining goals. As more
understanding about concept of motivation, it involves two theories which provides better
understanding of motivation factor such Process and Content theory in perspective of Marks and
Spencer.
Content Theory: According to this theory where find answer to what motivates an individual
where it majorly focuses on needs of that individual that helps to fulfil basic requirement. In
perspective of Marks and Spencer in following explantation of motivation about McClelland's
Needs theory:
Mcclelland needs theory: In this need theory comprises about specific need towards
individual that tend to acquired over the period of time that customised within single experience
of McClelland theory. It contains three basic motivating needs in which need of power, need for
affiliation and need of achievement and along with associates with effective performance driven
to determines basic need to fulfilled.
 Need of Power: As per this power is contain ability to influence the behaviour of others
through which people are having high needs seeks high level of position towards
organisation (Forssell, 2020.). In Marks and Spencer, top level management like
superiors, manager and executives having power to control activities, decision making
and assigned roles and responsibilities to workforce on the basis of capabilities.
 Need of Affiliation: In this factor high need of affiliation enhance pleasures, bonding and
better relationship to reduces the pain. As in Marks and Spencer organisation employees
are interacted between each other to feeling people to accept where it helps to maintain
relationship. It enhance to enhance better enjoy that use to console with sense of close
relationship to coordinate with among peer ones in workplace.
 Need of Achievement: It is one of important and intense desire to accomplish. This type
of motivation promotes who are achievers that reduces moderate risks and performing
activities by systematic manage activities (Hiekkataipale, 2018.). Similarly, in Marks and
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Spencer there are leaders and manager who seeking for fair feedback after completion of
work. To provide incentives and rewards in terms of provide favourable outcomes.
Process Theory: This theory is having process that defines ideas that explains about how entity
changes and develop. Process theories is mainly design with proper variance as well as effective
system that dependent one independent variables.
Goal setting theory of motivation:
Goal setting theory process about provides motivation and direction to employees
through enhancing better setting more complex along with effective goals which enhance to
increase better productive performance and profits of manpower through generates motivation of
accomplishment by challenging specific objectives. In perspective of Marks and Spencer applies
this theory by focuses overall principles which involves in goal setting theory:
 Clarity: This is one of essential goal or objectives which aims and setting by manager of
an organisation, where Marks and Spencer manager clear out about objective in
employees mindset (Kaur., Malhotra and Sharma, 2020). Therefore, it reduces the
chances of chaos and other form of barriers that helps to leads towards in succession
planning.
 Challenge: Through better development of an employees it is essential to setting
challenges target in which employees can accomplish their targets. Many employees get
more motivated by successfully achieve challenging task as well as optimise positive
outcomes in return.
 Commitment: It depicts about goal commitment and loyalty which is necessary, in early
stage of setting up objectives or target through manager. It enhance to discuss importance
with employees where they provide significant level of contribution towards employees
in goal setting and decision making process.
 Feedback: According to this factor it implement by expertise or manager who assess and
provide fair feedback to employees. Within an open discussion and implies of feedback
where employees provides different opportunities to clarify expectation by adjusting
goals difficulty and proper gain recognition (Pan and et. al., 2018). The impact of
feedback enhance to provide sense of importance that prevails chance to facilitates
employees to sharing problem and issues which will improve performance to effective
motivation power.
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Evaluation:
As in two motivation theories is explain about employee perspective where their needs
are important which makes them provide satisfaction in job and increase their internal
capabilities that help to accomplish their target. McClelland theory depicts about its individual
need of achievement and power that perform in employees working aspect that enhance to keep
motivate in effective manner. In other phase, Goal setting theory, this majorly commits about
individual and group employee of Marks and Spencer must have goal or objective which makes
it motivate to accomplish in better way of aspect. Clarity, charity, commitment and feedback
plays major role to guide and provide positive outcomes during processing of goal achievement.
Task 3.
P3. Role of effective team in achievement of objectives.
Team is defines about group of individual who work with each other towards accomplish
a common goal successfully. As team can be differentiate two parts effective and ineffective as
per their performance basis.
Effective team ensures to accomplish their aims and objective in given time period while
Ineffective team, are not have appropriate skills even lack of performance where they would not
attain the goals ineffective way (Pradhan and et. al., 2018). Some of the skills are highlights
towards effective team in Marks and Spencer:
Soft Skills:
Some of soft skills are linked with personal and interpersonal skills of individual and
team are included which is high necessary that increase the productivity in workplace.
 Communication Skills: According this skills is essential to convey deliver or
communicate with an information in effective way (Seong and Hong, 2018). Effective
communication skills helps to reduces barriers or conflicts at the time of discussion. This
way of communication shows quality of effective team.
 Self Discipline: To being effective team which is necessary to all members of team
behave in discipline manner as well as necessary to follow the guidelines. This ensures
completion of work on time to fulfil overall guidelines which makes effective team and
ensures to achievement of targets.
Hard skills:
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It includes the ability of learning able to presentable skills, knowledge and credentials of
particular individual that is explained below in context of Marks and Spencer:
 Technical knowledge: By having proper team of effectiveness which can achieved when
all member on having technical knowledge and full information which is about project
and objectives to accomplish in better way.
 Degree and certificates: As all member of team must insists towards relevant degree and
certificate as per needful for task (Simbine and Tukamushaba., 2020). An effective team
only attain their target when all member are having optimum educational qualification
with desired target and objectives
Compare between Effective team and Ineffective Team
Basic Effective Team Ineffective Team
Decision making As per effective team, all member
of team undertakes decision after
consent with all team members. It
removes all the barriers and
conflicts as per time to helps by
attaining mutual goal and
objectives.
As per these type process of team
in decision making which takes
places without any consent
among all team member which
create confusion and rise of
among all individuals.
Distribution of Power Effective team is one of which
power is divided equally towards
all the teams which develop their
performance.
The system of power distribution
is one of most important which is
distributed by decrease morality
and performance of team
member.
Effective team opposed towards ineffective team in different factor:
 In Communication, effective team is more better than ineffective team in terms of clarity
of message and better coordination between member in systematically, but ineffective
team member are not skilled enough to coordinate or share their work unappropriated.
 In Decision making, there is high fair ability of decision making power in effective team
as they not consume much time and initiates to enhance quick solution which generates
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positive outcomes (Soto and Rojas., 2019). Therefore, ineffective team does not have any
power of decision making in fact, they takes more time to implement strategy and
decisions.
Tuckman development theory
By under this development theories made in perspective of Marks and Spencer to make
better effective team in context of Marks and Spencer company. According to this model
explains that team develops their maturity and ability level, relationship establish within
leadership fluctuates leadership styles. It contains four types team building forms which helps to
Marks and Spencer manager to create effective team. Forming: It is first step of Tuckman's model defines about to creation and introduced of
the team with each other. After that evaluation is categorised on the basis of skills and
interest of team member which are made by organisation to effectively distribute the task
as per interest of employees which increase their competency. Storming: This is second steps which efforts to contribute towards reduces chances of
barriers and conflicts in particular formation of team. As Marks and Spencer ensures that
their team must have ability to reduces challenges and become efficient team. Norming: As per this third stage all the member of team which they shared working such
skills and knowledge of team appreciate towards effective team that enhance leader a
good performance through motivation. Performing: It is fourth stage, where team member ready with all instruction and having
clarity of objectives as well as commence to improves the performances within ability of
objectives accomplish in successfully manner.
 Adjourning: This is final stage in which project of task comes to reaching towards its
ending or destination which reflects about actual performance and effectiveness of
team .As per targets get accomplish that team would known eas effective team but if task
is not attained it will known as ineffective manner.
Evaluation:
In above Tuckman team building, it is been explain that how leader of Mark and Spencer
can approach this team building concept. As it is very essential to making understand employees
by undertakes overall responsibility in which preparing to implementing action of work through
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