Canterbury Christchurch Uni: Marks & Spencer's Business Context Report

This report provides a comprehensive analysis of Marks and Spencer's business context. It begins with a PESTLE analysis, examining the political, economic, social, technological, environmental, and legal factors affecting the company. The report then recommends a suitable leadership style, justifying the choice with literature and examples. A critical commentary on Marks and Spencer's Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) initiatives follows, supported by research evidence. Finally, the report discusses the effects of Brexit and the COVID-19 pandemic on the business in 2020/2021, outlining how the company addressed these challenges. The analysis aims to provide a holistic view of Marks and Spencer's strategic environment and operational responses. Desklib offers a wide array of similar solved assignments and study resources for students.

CONTEXT
OF
BUSINESS

Contents
INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................................................3
TASK ..............................................................................................................................................3
PESTLE Analysis on Marks and Spencer’s.................................................................................3
Leadership Style...........................................................................................................................5
Corporate Social Responsibility..................................................................................................7
Effects of Brexit and Covid-19 Pandemic on Marks and Spencer’s...........................................8
CONCLUSION .............................................................................................................................10
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................11

INTRODUCTION
The business is known as the organization who is having their own entity in marketplace
and it will engaged in different sectors in market like commercial, industrial or professional
activities. The business owner rum their business for profit motive in marketplace and some
business owner run their business for non-profit motive in marketplace. In market there are are
different types of business which are run first is sole proprietorship, partnership, company and
joint venture company. In business it is very compulsory for organization that there must be good
management is there so that they work in proper way and them all working for common goals in
the organization and it will help organization to sustain long term in market by competing their
competitors in market and then they able to achieve their objectives effectively and efficiently
(Brunk, 2020). This report is based on Marks and Spencer business in market. In this PEST
analysis is done on Marks and Spencer’s and it also includes the leadership style. This report also
includes corporate social responsibilities of Marks and Spencer’s and it also includes the effects
of Brexit and Covid-19 in this pandemic situation on Marks and Spencer’s business in market.
TASK
PESTEL Analysis on Marks and Spencer’s
The management of Marks and Spencer’s have to examine all external factors which will
affect their organization. The management always have to prepare pre plan for all external by
forecasting the future so that if any changes done in external environment then it will not affect
the organization operation very much and management also adopt the external changes in
organization. This is very important for management that is very essential for management to
adopt all changes in organization which is done in external environment. The external factors
which will effect organization by their Political factors, Economic factors, Social factors,
Technological factors, Environmental factors and Legal factors. These are all very important for
management to take care in their organization for their business development and growth in
marketplaces (Dhir, 2020). The management of Marks and Spencer’s have to do proper examine
of external factors which is will affect their organization, so that they will minimise those risk
and they can easily adopt the changes in organization which is done in external factors. Let's
discuss all external factors in brief that how it will impact the organization processes which are
explained in below:

PESTEL Analysis Description Impact
Political Factors  Political balance impacts commercial
enterprise of e-trade in UK. For instance,
political balance of UK offers possibility
to Mark and Spencer to amplify its
commercial enterprise in UK.
 Government of UK helps e-trade
websites in addition to norms of FDI into
the country.
 Foreign exchange regulations of UK are
low compared to different an international
location which additionally enables Marks
and Spencer’s in paying low taxes and
incomes excessive sales.
High
Economic Factors  UK has a fine monetary situation which
enables e-trade businesses to exchange
without problems in such international
locations.
 UK has a excessive disposable profits
because of this that that customers can
purchase merchandise on their selections
without taking into consideration budgets
(Gerke, Woratschek and Dickson, 2020).
 Consumer disposable profits enable
Marks and Spencer’s in buying and
selling efficiently with the aid of using
producing excessive sales from UK.
Medium
Social Factors  E-trade centres have impacted definitely
and negatively in UK. Younger
generations are fonder of on-line
Low

purchasing than window purchasing.
 Older generations also are used of the use
of on-line purchasing websites due to their
fitness problems or being not able to exit
for window purchasing.
 Nowadays, clients are searching ahead for
e-trade websites wherein they are able to
get style of merchandise with the aid of
using a unmarried click on in addition to
at their door steps.
 Mark and Spencer can make use of this as
an possibility in attracting an increasing
number of clients via its e-trade websites.
Technological Factors  Technology has given a growth to
commercial enterprise of Mark and
Spencer throughout globe. UK is an
ancient modern day in built the
technology.
 It is smooth and occasional fee of net
browsing made clients use e-trade
websites for buying every day goods.
Small companies also are taking part with
Marks and Spencer’s for trade (Holloway
and Humphreys, 2019).
 Mark and Spencer is likewise searching
out adapting drones for supplying
contactless, quicker shipping of its
merchandise to its clients.
High
Environment Factors  Marks and Spencer’s presents quickest
shipping of its merchandise to its top
Medium

individuals. Company has approx. a
hundred million top individuals related to
it.
 Company offers its product in a single or
days to its top individuals which affects in
boom of carbon emission in surroundings.
 Countries like UK are extra involved
approximately its environmental
protection which makes strain to supply
its merchandise with quickest shipping
service.
 Marks and Spencer’s have changed its
packaging from plastic baggage to paper
made programs for people to keep
surroundings from pollution.
Legal Factors  Legal elements which have an effect on
commercial enterprise of Mark and
Spencer are antitrust legal guidelines,
discrimination legal guidelines,
information safety legal guidelines in
addition to customer safety legal
guidelines.
 Regulations on counterfeit merchandise
create a possibility for Marks and
Spencer’s with the aid of using
minimizing counterfeit sales.
 EU GDPR has affected as a risk for Marks
and Spencer’s as below GDPR leak of
client’s information like name, financial
institution information, e-mail
identification etc. may be rather charged
High

as penalty quantity from the company.
Leadership Style
In organization the leaders have very crucial for their development and growth of organization.
The leadership style must be adopted by organization which is suitable for their organization
which helps management to accomplish their objectives and if management attain their goals in
given time period then it became easy for management to gain competitive advantage in market.
In organization management must have to perform their task more effectively in organization,
and then only it is possible for management that they sustain their organization for long term
period. Let’s discuss all leadership styles in brief and which is suitable for organization are
explained below:
Contingency Theory: This idea proposes that no character way or style of control may be
applicable to all situations. In distinctive words, it recognizes that there are likely variables
influencing any unique scenario, and a leader want to select out the right route of action, taking
into account those variables. Effective control is prepared placing the right balance amongst
dreams, context, and behaviour (Johan and Valenzuela, 2021). The first-class leaders have now
not excellent the right tendencies but moreover the ability to assess the dreams of their followers,
observe the scenario at hand, and act accordingly.
Situational Theory: This coaching stresses the significance of situational variables and does
now not don't forget anyone’s manipulating fashion to be higher than the others. The situational
concept is mixtures of things which can be manipulate fashion and the adulthood tiers of the
followers. According to their coaching, one in each in their kind conditions call for one in each
in their kind kinds of manipulate and decision-making. Leaders ought to act with the assist of
using judging the scenario they will be facing.
Transformational Leadership Theory: The transformational control concept, furthermore
referred to as Relationship theories, specializes with inside the dating some of the leaders and
enthusiasts. This concept talks approximately the form of chief who's inspirational and
charismatic, encouraging their enthusiasts to convert and emerge as higher at an assignment.
Transformational leaders commonly encouraged thru their functionality to expose their
enthusiasts the importance of the assignment and the better unique concerned in performing it.
These leaders aren't great focused at the business enterprise's typical universal overall

performance however furthermore deliver man or woman business enterprise people the
favoured push to acquire his or her functionality. These manage theories will assist you to sharp
your Skill (Junior, Oliveira and Yanaze, 2019).
Transactional Theories: Transactional Theories, furthermore known as Management theories or
alternate manipulate theories revolve during the feature of supervision, organization, and
teamwork. These manipulate theories remember rewards and punishments as the idea for
manipulate actions. This is one of the oft-used theories in business, and the proponents of this
manipulate fashion use rewards and punishments to encourage employees.
Behavioural Theory: In the behavioural Theory, the emphasis shifts from the tendencies or
traits of leaders to their behaviours and actions. In sharp contrast to the Great Man Theory and
the trait method to control, this precept considers effective control to be the quit end result of
many observed out or obtained skills (Yang, Wei and Shigarov, 2018). It proposes that an man or
woman can learn how to come to be a high-quality leader. This is one of the first rate control
theories.
Great Man Theory of Leadership: This is one of the earliest control theories and is based
mostly on the perception that control is an inborn phenomenon and that leaders are born
alternatively than made. According to this precept, a person capable of predominant has the man
or woman inclinations of a leader. The charm, confidence, intellect, communique skills and
social flair from birth, which set them apart (Mba, 2019). This precept emphasizes control as a
extraordinary that they have each in very own or they do now no longer and it isn't constantly
something that which they might learn.
Trait Theory of Leadership: This concept walks with interior their tracks of the Great Man
concept in assuming that leaders are born with traits that make them more suitable for his or her
characteristic of a frontrunner than others who lack those natural-born traits (Torres and
Sidorova, 2019). As such, the concept pinpoints certain trends including intelligence,
accountability revel in of responsibility, and creativity, among others, that we ought to someone
excel at leadership.
Corporate Social Responsibility
Corporate duties may be decided expectancies or duties from a company enterprise in sporting
out their enterprise operations and activities. For instance, it consists of important values
contributed via way of means of an enterprise employer toward society, economy, and

environment. In addition to that, control representatives engaged in agencies are aimed toward
attention of appropriate and suitable techniques with the intention to make a contribution first-
rate in their efforts toward finishing touch of company duties (Mustafina, 2019). The number one
and predominant significance in the back of attention of company duty is to create an powerful
logo photograph amongst human beings in society with the intention to appeal to them toward
items and offerings supplied via way of means of that precise enterprise employer.
Strategic Responsibilities: It is noted exercise of strategic making plans inside an enterprise
employer if you want to perform enterprise operations and sports in an green manner. In order to
be precise, personnel engaged in respective enterprise employer i.e., The Goring Hotel are
decided at powerful studies if you want to accumulate records which similarly affects their
decision-making practices (Padhan and Prabheesh, 2020). Moreover, it's miles together with
diverse distinctive sports and practices which includes putting in of objectives, executing
strategies, tracking of performance, etc. if you want to make a contribution company values.
Economic Performance: The number one purpose of respective enterprise employer lies in
assembly patron needs with the aid of using supplying them with a platform serving pleasant
hospitality offerings. In order to be precise, it helps clients in intake of hospitality offerings
which includes accommodation, F&B, lodging, etc. In addition to that, incomes income out of
those enterprise operations and sports similarly affects increase and improvement of standard
financial system in that specific financial nation. Moreover, powerful funding selections are
considered if you want to make certain upright allocation of budget to be had to respective
enterprise employer (Panagiotakopoulos, 2020). Therefore, these types of practices and projects
similarly facilitate in contributing values toward betterment of that specific financial nation.
Social Performance: Society in addition to humans residing in society are one of the
fundamental detail of every and each commercial enterprise company. For instance, tasks and
efforts raised through commercial enterprise company are engaged in sporting out commercial
enterprise operations and sports which will make contributions most blessings toward society. In
addition to that, it's also producing employment possibilities for humans in society to earn a
residing out of it (Pupentsova and Gromova, 2021). It permits respective commercial enterprise
company to make contributions values toward well-being of society. Another fundamental
attention of respective commercial enterprise company is to expand a high-quality operating

surroundings for his or her personnel which will offer them with appropriate and suitable
operating surroundings.
Environmental Performance: It consists of diverse values contributed with the aid of using
respective commercial enterprise corporation together with preserving sustainability in
surroundings, minimising wastage of sources, surest utilisation of sources, etc. In order to be
precise, these kinds of projects facilitate respective commercial enterprise corporation in
accomplishment of company obligations in the direction of surroundings. Moreover, attention of
surroundings obligations of respective commercial enterprise corporation is above growing
profitability in sporting out commercial enterprise operations and activities. It similarly considers
recycling of sources up-to most feasible volume with a purpose to make certain surest utilisation
of sources (Richner and Olesen, 2019).
Effects of Brexit and Covid-19 Pandemic on Marks and Spencer’s
The above facts indicates that the United Kingdom employment charge has risen through
1.1 in line with cent to 75.6 in line with cent throughout the quarter (Main figures: Employment
and unemployment charge, 2021). During the maximum current 3-month period, full-time
personnel had been the using pressure at the back of the upward push with inside the
employment charge. In comparison, the wide variety of part-time workforce individuals fell
sharply as, throughout coronavirus (COVID-19), the ones weathered 17 to 24 years vintage
regarded to be typically because of the growth in business state of no activity in comparison to
the previous 3 months. From December 2021 to February 2022, the task marketplace reached a
brand new excessive of 1,318,000 (Schlegelmilch and Szöcs, 2020). During the coronavirus
pandemic, the unemployed elderly 17 – 24 had been typically because of will increase in
monetary state of no activity relative to the sooner 3 periods. However, even due to the fact early
2021, the wide variety of unemployed people elderly 17 to 24 has been shrinking, with a number
of the ones elderly 50 to sixty four additionally attracting media interest because of paintings
state of no activity. Furthermore, it's been found and regarded that the United Kingdom
employment in 2018 changed into among 75.6 in line with cent, however following the Brexit
problems and the outbreak of the Coronavirus virus, the roles charge is anticipated to gradual to
71.four in line with cent in 2019 and 70.2 in line with cent in 2020. Considering the above chart,
it is able to be decided that the coronavirus had a sizeable have an effect on and effect on UK
labour marketplace statistics (Simons and Handl, 2019). According to the above experimentally

primarily based totally facts analysis, following the Covid-19, there was a lower with inside the
common worker charge, in addition to a terrible quantity of humans at the payroll, is visible after
2019, indicating a workforce scarcity and assisting a better degree of worker turnover with inside
the UK (Ali and Anwar, 2021). It changed into additionally located that from August to October
2020, there has been a complete drop of 0.6 in line with cent in UK nationals on RTI and a 9.1 in
line with cent growth in overseas foreigners on RTI. Based at the present day observe and
quantitative analysis, it's been decided that the United Kingdom remains presently experiencing a
better degree of worker turnover, that's manifested with inside the shape of growing
unemployment charges and elevated lack of productiveness because of the continued covid-19
problems (Szelagowski and Berniak-Woźny, 2019). This observe is primarily based totally on
present day studies that the covid-19 has ended in a better degree of sadness and dissatisfaction
amongst personnel, inflicting and assisting the quandary of elevated worker turnover. Finally,
better demotivation has been found in personnel elderly sixteen to 24, exacerbating the hassle of
excessive worker turnover. As a result, personnel' powerful getting to know and rewards
framework is turning into an increasing number of essential, and it's far cautioned for groups to
fight excessive worker turnover. According to the above labour static charts, the wide variety
elevated to 3.9 in line with cent throughout the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, at the same
time as the monetary state of no activity charge elevated through 0.1 percent factors to 21.three
in line with cent. In addition, the wide variety of task vacancies elevated to a brand new
excessive of 1,318,000 from December 2021 to February 2022, indicating a better degree of
worker revenue.

CONCLUSION
From this above report it has been stated that for management it is very crucial that they must
aware with their all external factors which is necessary for organization development and growth
in market. In market management must have to beat their competitors in market so that they able
sustain long term in market. In this report it has been conclude that it PESTLE briefly explain
and how it will impact their organization for their sustainability and it also conclude the
leadership style and how it is very important for organization for their operating their functions.
This report also conclude the Corporate Social Responsibility in reference to their process of
using evidence from their research report and it will explain in brief that how it will impact their
organization objectives. This report also concludes the effects of Brexit and covid-19 pandemic
situation on their chosen business organization.