Unit 17: Understanding & Leading Change Report - Marks & Spencer

This report analyzes the concepts of understanding and leading change within an organizational context, using Marks and Spencer as a case study. It begins by comparing different organizational examples where change has impacted strategy and operations, followed by an evaluation of internal and external drivers of change and their effects on leadership, team, and individual behaviors. The report then assesses measures to minimize the negative impacts of change on organizational behavior and identifies barriers to change, determining their influence on leadership decision-making. Various leadership approaches for managing change are also explained. The report incorporates tools such as SWOT and PESTLE analyses to provide a comprehensive understanding of the challenges and opportunities associated with change management, concluding with recommendations for effective change leadership.

Unit 17 Understanding &
Leading Change

Table of Contents
Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
P1 Compare different organisational examples where there has been an impact of
change on company’s strategy as well as operations.............................................................1
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................4
P2 Evaluation of ways in which internal as well as external drivers of change affect
leadership, team and individual behaviours in company......................................................4
P3 Evaluation of measures which could be taken to minimise negative impact of change
on organisational behaviour.....................................................................................................7
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................9
P4 Explain various barriers to change and determine how they influence leadership
decision making in a company’s context.................................................................................9
TASK 4..........................................................................................................................................10
P5 Various leadership approaches for leading with change in a range of company’s
context......................................................................................................................................10
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................11
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................12

INTRODUCTION
Understanding and leading change helps in preparing employees to meet problems which
come with initiating as well as implementing change process. Organisation change could be
referred as inhaling different fluctuation in business as well as their procedures that impacts it's
working as well as performance. It is a significant factor that could be benefit for business to
handle in company markets and to achieve their planned objectives and goals in an effective
manner. As when there is regular failure that is faced by businesses then requirement of
organisation change may increase business standards as a result it could be improved and leads
in in effective performance and opportunities (Bligh, Kohles and Yan, 2018). Organisation
change could be taken for some specific period of time for enhancing chances for sustaining their
business position in markets. For that there are various theories that are attracted with companies
change. As change are inclined towards achieving some particular objectives and aims. This
report is based on leading and understanding change of Marks and Spencer’s, which is British
multinational retailer that deals in home products, selling clothing as well as food products.
Company is is operating by selling most of products on its own lab labels. This report includes
comparisons of organisation example, ways of internal as well as external drivers of change,
measures to minimise negative impact of change, barriers to organisational change, leadership
approaches to handle change along with its conclusion.
MAIN BODY
TASK 1
P1 Compare different organisational examples where there has been an impact of change
on company’s strategy as well as operations.
Organisational structure creates an important role for developing a company e as a
structure then leads in managing equality e as well as diversity in business along with
organisational structure helps businesses to maintain its brand image in corporate markets. As
every business face various complexities as well as difficulties in their practices. And in order to
earn profit it is necessary for companies that difficulties as well as issues are to be reduced
(Fuerstenau, 2019). For reducing difficulties, it is essential for businesses that different processes
as well as technology are to be used so that companies could deal with challenges as well as
changes in an effective manner. For enhancing business performance which is imperative in
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nature and with that it is important that company’s organisation structure should be enhanced so
that they can get assistance in introducing new product as well as service in markets. And for that
internal communication should be used effectively e so that any change could be undertaken in
an efficient manner. For this an action plan is needed to be made that consists of different it tools
as well as strategies for dealing with change management. As these processes along with tools
could be beneficial for handling change management and giving opportunities in an effective
manner.
One of main objective of business growth is to design business processes effectively for
handling with risk that arise. Business surroundings is related with different positive as well as
negative implications incorporate markets. In this factor main responsibility of a manager is to
identify the requirements and demands of their customers and according to that search various
ways in which their needs could be fulfilled. In terms of marks and Spencer company is highly
focused on fulfilling requirements of customers with their needs of stakeholders (Hendry, 2019).
In present time company is facing problem India sustainability that is considered to be a large
issue for them. These business operations could lead company to handle with their competitors
such as Tesco. In terms of change comparison marks and Spencer and Tesco are stated as
follows:
Basis Marks and Spencer Tesco
Structure Company is multinational
grocery retailer in which they
are delete their operation at a
global level. As compared to
Tesco marks and Spencer is
related with less employees so it
is crucial for them to achieve
their goals.
Tesco is having their
company structure in that
company is limited by
guarantee. In this
organisational structure is
beneficial for them to deal in
international market.
Companies organisation
structure is beneficial for
them in carrying their
business practices across
global limits.
Change in As business surroundings are Company is one of most
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external
factors
interlinked through varied
aspects which provides direct
implication to business. The
suspects are greatly implicating
towards business working as
well as incoming off talent (Lea,
Hall and Lawrence, 2020). As
company is managing its
operation at a wider scale so it is
not easy for company to design
white changes that could
implicate their business
processes. As marks and
Spencer is focusing on utilising
and having profitable outcomes
to their company.
effective market leader that
provides various groceries
and retailing items to
customers. As company is
said to be global company
that helps in managing
various employees in carrying
their business. For achieving
positive changes India
company is focusing on
enhancing their performance
so their business difficulties
could be reduced.
 Operations: Operational strategies are referred as business practices that company is is
carrying for dealing with change in its business function. For that strategic manager as
well as supervisors are needed to perform effective communication so that strategies
could be communicated to its staff members along with different stakeholders without
facing any difficulty are performed. As managers of company is having role for
motivating employees in a way which could lead in improving their performance as well
as accepting company change in a smooth way.
 Strategy: It is said to be plans as well as steps that are followed by businesses for having
and effective direction in which aims and goals of company could be achieved. strategies
are referred as steps that are carried by company for achieving short term as well as long
term goals of company (Koens, Postma and Papp, 2018). By having proper company
strategy in business it could good design and their objectives in a way it could lead in
achieving business objectives. In terms of marks and Spencer for achieving company
objectives it is necessary for them implement and define various strategies in a way that it
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could be implemented in their operations in suitable manner. For determining market
situation PESTLE analysis is carried so that it could help in identifying market conditions
of corporate markets.
TASK 2
P2 Evaluation of ways in which internal as well as external drivers of change affect
leadership, team and individual behaviours in company.
Changes are basically carried to have deviation from once comfort level. In present time
companies are generally seeking for managing change transition in order to achieve prominence
as well as sufficiency in their businesses. For businesses which is imperative in nature basically
acquire strategic as well as operational changes within their business operations for achieving
customer demands in systematic way along with dealing market competition. As every change
create positive as well as negative effect in business or there could be e decrement or increment
in company’s financial as well as operational efficiency. Ash changes are related through
process, policies, product as well as operations. Sum of internal and external change drivers in
terms of marks and Spencer are as follows:
 Competitors driver change: There is a challenge for company to deal with its
competitors as well as manage its brand image in market. Marks and Spencer is designing
and formulating various effective strategies so that they could manage their business
operations with competitors (Wallensteen, 2018). Company is making market expansion
strategy for carrying their business practices as well as maintaining their survival in
markets.
 Technological driver change: As present technology is important element that is needed
to be used by every business for achieving their goals as well as having fast growth. By
adapting new emerged technology which is imperative for introducing changes in
business that could arise as well as situation role of a leader as well as manager is to get
improved that leads to have growth in markets. For making high profitability managers as
well as leaders of company e is focusing on providing training to its employees so that
they could handle change effectively e as well as business difficulties could be handled
well.
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 Customers drivers change: As there is requirement of customer which are emerging as
well as dynamic for implementing change within a specific period of time. Companies
are carrying their business operations for satisfying requirements of their present as well
as existing customers (Grove and Gray, 2018). For caring this Marks and Spencer is
needed to use different product strategies in order to you have upgradation in their
operations. Customers requirement are most effective as well as important for company
which are to be satisfied by taking continuous innovation practices as well as market
trends.
SWOT analysis of marks and Spencer:
Strengths  Company is having strong offerings in their line
through latest industry trends.
 There is strong and effective E-Commerce
infrastructure.
 Marks and Spencer is having highly effective
corporate social responsibility activities.
 Company is having strong focus on improving
customer experience on regular basis
Weaknesses  Company is having poor financial performance.
 There is high Reliance on UK market which
makes it difficult to market situation in local
country.
 There is sudden product recalls that creates to loss
in customer confidence.
Opportunities  There is an opportunity of planning for investing
in Indian market.
 There is an opportunity of having online presents
for enhancing market position.
 There is opportunity of reshaping clothing
segment of company (Thakur and Mangla, 2019).
 There is simplification in their operating model.
Threats  Company is having depreciation of Sterling post
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Brexit.
 There is changing market trends in clothing space
due to change in customer’s preferences.
 There is stiff and high competition in food
segment of UK.
PESTLE analysis of marks and Spencer:
Political factor  There is decrease in sourcing caused because of
fair trade policy in company’s operation.
 There is Brexit for having important implication
for businesses.
 Company is facing changed taxation policy as
well as government policy.
Economical factor  There is conflict with the small retailers over price
of product that is increased due to currency impact
of Brexit.
Social factor  There are various initiatives that supports business
environment communities that helps in cutting
down internal cost.
 There is chain of product that recalls in creating
negative social trend.
 There is received flag as a non trendly store in
company.
Technological
factor
 There is chance of technology partnership which
is used for strengthening security, compliance as
well as risk.
 Company is having impact on value chain
structure in its customer service sector.
 There is a rate of technological diffusion.
Legal factor  There is financial dispute through landlords.
 There is employment law for company (Knights,
2018).
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 Company is having data protection law along with
safety and health law for preventing any
uncertainty.
Environmental
factor
 Company is having environmental friendly e as
well as sustainable products in their operations.
 There are various laws that are regulated in
association with environmental pollution.
 There are various attitudes towards as well as
supporting for renewable energy.
How company change affect leadership, individual as well as team:
 Team: As policies administrative of company leads to you have changed when any
change a new demand is carried in markets (DePoy and Gitlin, 2019). For this factor
teams play an efficient function in staying motivated as well as using changes in an
effective way for achieving company's goals and objectives.
 Individual: As for individual direction that are provided by manager of company are
needed to be followed by them so that conflict in business could be avoided in terms of
workforce. As human resources are said to be backbone of company in performing whole
operations.
 Leadership: While adapting of changed function of a leader as it is needed for company
that lead should have proper implemented change and its operations. In this leaders are
basically responsible for adapting prominent policies as well as practices for dealing with
changes.
P3 Evaluation of measures which could be taken to minimise negative impact of change on
organisational behaviour.
Business surroundings is related with various task that are associated with execution in
business. As these operations are beneficial for managing profitability of company as well as
managing its sustainability. These executions are associated with acquiring changes in company
as well as managing it with effectiveness (Miller, 2020). In terms of marks and Spencer company
is having a diversified function to its leaders as well as manager that could create in accepting
changes in a proper way. For reducing negative impact of change it is important to use policies in
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an accurate manner so that profitability e off company could be improved. Besides implementing
important techniques which are essential for achieving positive benefits in company along with
market change there are some of tools that are explained as follows:
 Decision plan through employees: This method is used by leader in process of designing
policies or plan for company. In this method staff members of company are undertaken in
process of decision making as well as responsibilities are provided to staff members as
per their potential. In terms of marks and Spencer company is focused in arranging
elements in a way a that system could be followed in an effective way. Along with that
feedback could be e taken by employees for determining area of modification and
improvement in company. It is beneficial for employees for understanding values in
company that leads to higher motivation.
 Building pathway: This technique is imperative for management of marks and Spencer
which prepare specific action plan that could lead in operations of business for staying
adhered to all strategies that are being introduced by company. This technique is
beneficial in improving employee coordination with objectives of company that could
help in accomplishing goals and objectives (Theodoulides, Kormancová and Cole, 2019).
Action plan is an important result that could help staff members to follow giving
directions for achieving goals in a provided Time scale. This technique is beneficial for
developing employees interest in a method that could benefit to change management in
company. In this manner changes could be adapted by employees in an effective manner
that leads to achievement of higher performance and goals of company.
Bruke Litwin Model:
This model is said to be e a significant method that could be used by human resource
manager of company for determining effectiveness of employees. As manager of company e are
focused on recognising requirements as well as importance of their employees so that they could
allot them their responsibilities in a proper way. This model is beneficial in various ways for
having effective outcomes which could be accomplished by determining the requirements of
customers and fulfilling it.
 Mission or strategy: As for having survival in market it is important that company should
stay focused to their defined mission as well as adopting effective strategies on regular
basis. In terms of marks and Spencer company is focused in designing effective strategies
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that are flexible so that it any change according to market requirement it could be
fulfilled and maintained. For most mission of marks and Spencer is to serve quality
products to its customers so that they could achieve their growth.
 External environment: In this aspect different factors that consists political, social ethics,
competitors and so on. These aspects are said to be external aspects as well as it helps
business in achieving productivity along with higher profitability (De Mooij, 2018). In
terms of marks and Spencer this factor it is used by company for analysing outer
environment by performing PESTLE analysis that determines various external conditions
which could be handled in efficient way.
TASK 3
P4 Explain various barriers to change and determine how they influence leadership
decision making in a company’s context.
As each company should take some changes which are stated or not stated for progress of
time. It is not easy to use changes in business effectively. That is why company should perform
innovation in a way that is existed for having change. Organisation change generally makes sum
of company to seek help for using changes in business. These changes are important for
company in case of replacing objectives and goals of company that are going to benefit
company. In terms of Marks and Spencer’s company is going to determine various barriers in
implementation of different changes in business that are as follows:
 Competitive forces: As changes could result of external threats. There are various
situations in which business competitors are experienced in terms of their product in
compared to business. It can lead to persist change that can come up with high probability
as well as risk of failing.
 Resistance to change: As major issue is said to be resistance for designing any change
from employee of company (Wasko, 2020). As they are not comfortable and supportive
in adapting changes they think that these changes will complicate their job processes
along with making some extra efforts.
Force field analysis:
Force field analysis is needed to be carried by Kurt Lewin in 1940 (Owusu-Ansah, 2020).
This technique assist company in determining various forces as well as behaviour along with
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resistance which might come against changes. To carry this analysis there are specific steps
which are to be followed by company that are as follows:
 Defining problem: It starts with defining current situation as well as list of issues and
challenges that needs change as well as modifications. It is responsibility of managers to
determine present situation along with dance of modification which is going to lead
company in solving that issue.
 Defining change objective: In this step all internal as well as external factors along with
forces that are leading to change are identified. Managers required to think as well as
exam mind some thoughts deeply.
 Identifying driving forces: In this step as1 changes are determined and forces which are
going to process changes has to be determined along with influential power as well as
enter relationship with each and other for having critical analysis.
 Identifying restraining forces: In this step managers of marks and Spencer’s have to list
all restraining factors along with their interrelationship (Lamon, 2020).
 Developing a comprehensive change strategy: It is considered as last step in which
managers design and detailed change strategy which could be beneficial in company’s
future.
TASK 4
P5 Various leadership approaches for leading with change in a range of company’s context.
As changes are only beans stipulated by company and its leaders. Leaders of company are
assigned with responsibility for implementing and communicating effectively change in
company. In terms of marks and Spencer’s various leaders of company have their own leadership
styles to implement change in their workplace. Of leadership approaches which can be used to
handle changes in company that are as follows:
 Coaching: As leaders of marks and Spencer’s are provided with specific instruction as
well as steps which are required to be performed as being a part of change along with
defining how operations are carried (Weigend, 2018). This approach is more supportive
as compared to directive approach that helps in enhancing skill set of employees of
company.
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 Delegating: This style of leadership helps in decision making responsibility e which
leads to you have delegation that are passed to employees. Forever success of leadership
approach it is necessary that it should have supportive as well as behaviour has to be
directive in company.
 Directing: It is said to be one-way communication style of leadership in which managers
have already framed changes that are to be implemented as well as they straight compare
forces for adhering changes in a given point of time frame. This approach is highly e
directive as well as less supportive. In this approach directions are provided by managers
that continuously provides benefits by making activities achievable in an effective
manner.
So as a result leadership style that are implemented by company e and its manager helps in
assisting them in using change smoothly e in company e that are based on different aspects. It is
beneficial in managing employees as well as different influencers in company (Hampden-Turner
and Trompenaars, 2020).
CONCLUSION
From above report it could be concluded that company change is considered as one of
important element of business that is associated with modifying business processes as well as
activities. For fulfilling and achieving goes as well as the objectives of businesses which attend
to adopt change so that they could allying market trend with business working practices. For
achieving success customer requirements are said to be primary element which is to be
undertaken and for this changes are incorporated in business.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Bligh, M.C., Kohles, J.C. and Yan, Q., 2018. Leading and learning to change: the role of
leadership style and mindset in error learning and organizational change. Journal of
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De Mooij, M., 2018. Global marketing and advertising: Understanding cultural paradoxes.
Sage.
DePoy, E. and Gitlin, L.N., 2019. Introduction to research E-book: understanding and applying
multiple strategies. Elsevier Health Sciences.
Fuerstenau, D.W., 2019. A century of research leading to understanding the scientific basis of
selective mineral flotation and design of flotation collectors. Mining, Metallurgy &
Exploration .36 (1). pp.3-20.
Grove, S.K. and Gray, J.R., 2018. Understanding Nursing Research E-Book: Building an
Evidence-Based Practice. Elsevier Health Sciences.
Hampden-Turner, C. and Trompenaars, F., 2020. Riding the waves of culture: Understanding
diversity in global business. Hachette UK.
Hendry, J., 2019. Understanding japanese society. Routledge.
Knights, J., 2018. 3 Understanding leadership. Leading Beyond the Ego: How to Become a
Transpersonal Leader.
Koens, K., Postma, A. and Papp, B., 2018. Is overtourism overused? Understanding the impact
of tourism in a city context. Sustainability .10 (12). p.4384.
Lamon, S.J., 2020. Teaching fractions and ratios for understanding: Essential content
knowledge and instructional strategies for teachers. Routledge.
Lea, J., Hall, G. and Lawrence, J., 2020. Leading a step-change in scholarship in college higher
education. Delivering Educational Change in Higher Education: A Transformative
Approach for Leaders and Practitioners.
Miller, V., 2020. Understanding digital culture. Sage.
Owusu-Ansah, N., 2020. Leading Sustainability: Understanding Leadership Emergence in
Community Resources Management Areas in Ghana. The Qualitative Report .25 (7).
pp.1766-1779.
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Thakur, V. and Mangla, S.K., 2019. Change management for sustainability: Evaluating the role
of human, operational and technological factors in leading Indian firms in home
appliances sector. Journal of cleaner production .213. pp.847-862.
Theodoulides, L., Kormancová, G. and Cole, D., 2019. Leading in the Age of Innovations:
Change of Values and Approaches. Routledge.
Wallensteen, P., 2018. Understanding conflict resolution. Sage.
Wasko, J., 2020. Understanding Disney: The manufacture of fantasy. John Wiley & Sons.
Weigend, A.S., 2018. Time series prediction: forecasting the future and understanding the past.
Routledge.
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