Value and Contribution to Organisational Analysis: Marks and Spencer

This report examines the value and contribution of Marks and Spencer (M&S) to its organisation. It begins with an introduction to human resources and the importance of organisational value creation. The report then delves into the organisational design of M&S, highlighting its flat structure and its impact on communication and employee involvement. It explores the importance of organisational design theory, including its influence on leadership, organisational culture, and growth. The report also considers the impact of the external business environment on organisational development and design, including technological and legal factors. Furthermore, it analyses the McKinsey 7S model, a tool for designing organisational structure. The report also discusses motivation techniques, such as incentives and creating a positive work environment, to improve employee performance. Finally, it emphasizes the role of managers and leaders in motivating employees. This report provides a comprehensive analysis of M&S's approach to organisational design, value creation, and employee motivation.

Value and
Contribution to
Organisational

INTRODUCTION
Human resource refers to a people or staff member of company that helps in conducting business operations in more effective
and efficient manner (West, 2017). This is very important part of company as it leads to achievement of goals and objective as well as
successful performance of business operations. It is essential that company add value in organisation in order to make it a successful
business. Adding values to activities of business that lead to creating more profitable as well as well performing organization. This is
very helpful in creating measurable roles and activities and achieving desired goals of business. Chosen company for this Marks and
Spencer. This company was brought about by Michael Marks and Thomas Spencer in 1884. It is one of the leading brand and
multinational British retailer firm. Marks and Spencer is supply well quality ready to wear article of clothing products, foot wearable
and other fashionable accessories. It's headquarter is situated at London, United Kingdom and it is offering its commodity to global
level. This report consists of organisation design theory importance as well as different motivation techniques to improve performance
of employees. A proper research is conducted in order to evaluate emerging HR development. Apart from this relationship between
organisational design and change management is also evaluated.
MAIN BODY
TASK 1
P1
Organisational design can be defining as a step by step alignment of business structure in which all communication and
business activities flows. Each and every organisation is following a proper organisation design which lead to perform organisational
activities in more effectual or cost-efficient manner. There is different type of organisation design that are accountable for flow of
enterprise activities in more impressive style. So that goals and aims of respective organisation could be successful achieve (Elsmore,
2017). Marks and Spencer is a multinational company that is supplying its commodity to various region of the globe. It is very
essential that this organisation has effective organisation design with respective to company's strategies as well as structure.
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Marks and Spencer company is following flat organisation structure which is very helpful in developing business strategies
and performing enterprise operations in more impressive and correct way. Organisational design is considering as an intersection of
business strategies, human resources, operations, goals etc. It is essentials that organization is following organisational design so that it
can accomplish desired objectives and aims. Structure of organisation refers to the the reporting relationship between employees. This
is can be describe in a form of chart that displays reporting relationship between all employees of respective company. It is in a form
of hierarchy which represent who will report to whom (Waddell and et.al., 2019). Flat organisation structure is design to have limited
number of layers within organisation. This is a formal organisation structures which represent the flow of communication and
activities within organisation. Companies which are following this type of organisation structures have very few or no levels of
management between employees and management system. Marks and Spencer company is supervising its employees with less strict
rules and regulations as well as promoting staff member involvement. Flatter organisational structure of Marks and Spencer company
is very helpful in performing enterprise dealings in more effectual and economical manner. Importance of organisational design theory
is mention below.
 Organisational design is very helpful in influencing the leadership of respective company. Through design of Marks and
Spencer organisation will be capable to develop effective relationship between employees. This is very helpful in creating
strong and positive image of organisation in mind of employees so that they work with their full capabilities.
 This is responsible for creating culture of organisation as well as structure. Organisational design is very crucial for developing
and building positive culture within company. This will have direct impact on functioning of all task and activities of business
(Quendler, 2017). Marks and Spencer company is following flatter organisational structures which help in developing positive
and friendly organisational culture.
 Organisational design is very important for growth and development of company. This is help in hinder the growth plans of
Marks and Spencer company. This is developed to make effective and efficient functioning of organisation. It is motivating
employees to use their full skills and capabilities to perform business activities.
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 Respective organization is capable to adapt organisational changes and motivating employees to work in better manner. Marks
and Spencer company will be able to gain competitive advantage over other rival company when its employees are perform
their task with full skills and potentials.
 This is helpful in increase global competitiveness advantages over other rival companies as well as help in enhancing
performance of employees (Riratanaphong and van der Voordt, 2015). Marks and Spencer company will be able to effectively
manage the diversity with in organisation as well as provide better product and services.
Contemporary organisational designs
Contemporary organisational design can be defining as a structure which is developed to design for empowering employees.
This is helpful in take better business decision as well as employees have right to implement changes without need of supervisor’s
approval. In contemporary organisational design employees are given different requirements, milestones as well as goals for
improving productivity. This is helpful for employees as it will provide freedom to employees in which they can successful implement
their ideas and take their own decisions. Contemporary organisational design will lead to growth and development of organisation as
well as help in performing activities in more effective manner.
It is very important for Marks and Spencer company to develop and design a structures that will help achieving set goals and
objective. Organisational design is describing as a proper process of designing activities, authority, structure as well as flow of
information. Organisational design of Marks and Spencer consist of creation of roles, business process as well as structures in order to
ensure that respective company accomplish its objectives. It is essential of respective company to designing such organisation that will
lead to meet with the strategic aims. This will help in successful achievement of set objective as well as performing business activities
in more effective manner.
Considering the impact of the external business environment on OD.
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There is various factor of external business environment which will have huge impact over organisational development and
design. It is very important for Marks and Spencer company to consider impact of external business environment on OD. The major
factor which will have affect over Marks and Spencer organisation design is mention below. Technological factor – This factor consists of new and innovative technology that will help in conducting business operations.
It is very important for respective company to use more updated technology in its business process in order to develop
effective organisational design.
 Legal and ethics – Organisational design is completely bases on legal and ethical factors. This play a crucial role over
development of strong organisation structure in order to conduct business operations in more effective and efficient manner.
Marks and Spencer company needs to consider laws and legislations developed by government for smooth functioning of
organisation.
There are different types of theories in which company will be able to perform its activities as well as influences employees to
achieve desired goals. These theories are responsible for development of organisation. It includes McKinsey's 7 s models which is
mention below in detail.
McKinsey's 7's Model
This is one of the effective tool that can be used by company in order to design structure of organisation. McKinsey model
includes 7 internal factors that is divided into hard and soft S. all of these elements are mention below in detail.
Hard S included: Strategy: This refers to development of plan or taking right business decision which will help in conducting business
operations. Strategies are helpful in gaining comparative advantage over other rival companies. Structure: This can be defining as a way in which company needs to develop flow of communication. Structures is a way in
which business division is divided and organised to flow tasks.
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 System: This refers to the process or a procedure in which company will perform its daily activities as well as take right
business decisions. System is a daily procedure, workflow and business decisions in which company will perform business
activities.
Soft S included: Style: This can be defining as a way in which company is performing its business activities as well as a way in which
management functions are conducted. It it important as this refers to manner in which company will manage top level. Staff: This is one of the crucial element as in this company will be able to perform business activities in more effective and
efficient manner. It is essential for respective company to hire talented and highly skilled employees. Skills: Skills are essential as it is considered as an ability to perform business task as well as manage its performance. This is
helpful in conducting activities in more effective and efficient manner.
 Shared Values: This is a norms or standards which guide the behaviour of employees as well as actions of company. Shared
values will influence that entire staff member as well as management activities.
TASK 2
P2
Motivation refers to the process of influencing worker to work in effective manner as well as use their full capabilities to
achieve set goals. It is very important in encouraging person so that they give their best performance so that firm's objectives can be
successful accomplish. There are different types of motivation and majorly two types such as positive and negative motivation
(Schulze. and et.al., 2013). Marks and Spencer company needs to use various approaches of motivating its employees in order to
improve as well as enhance performance of employees. It is duty of managers and leaders to motivate employees. There are different
types of approaches used by firm to attract, maintain, develop as well as reward human resource in order to create a highly skilled
workforce. Positive motivation refers to a process of motivating employees by providing incentives, rewards for their good work.
Marks and Spencer company can provide different type benefits which could be in monetary and non monetary terms. This will help
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in encroaching employees as well as improving their overall performance. Negative motivation can be describe as a case where
company is motivating employees due to fear or some other forces. This type of motivation techniques consist of punishment, lay off,
demotion etc.
There are various techniques of motivation that should be used by respective organisation in order to increase performance of
employees as well as develop a skilled and dedicated workforce (Mir and Pinnington, 2014). Various motivation method are mention
below in detail.
Incentives: Marks and Spencer company can provide different types of incentives to employees in order to increase their work
performance. This is considered as an effective process of influencing behaviour of employees towards achievement of set goals and
objectives. This company can use different types of incentives which will be provided to employees when they successful achieve set
goals and targets. Incentives could be extra amount of money that is provided on achievement of particular objectives. Most of the
employees are interested in earning more so this motivational techniques will be very effective in creating skilled workforce (Cebrián,
Grace and Humphris, 2013). This motivational techniques will help in attracting employees so that they can perform their task in
accurate manner in order to achieve set targets.
Creating positive work environment: It is very important that Marks and Spencer company has positive and friendly work
environment. This is essential in building strong workforces within respective company. Employees will feel more motivated and
perform business operation in correct manner when company have positive work environment. It is essential for attracting as well as
maintaining talented employees within organisation as it will help in building strong team. This is an effective way of influencing
employees behaviour as well as motivate them to achieve desired goals of organisation. This motivational techniques could be used by
respective company to maintain skilled employees as well as dedicated workforce with in organisation.
Achievement recognition and rewards: It is important that employees work is recognised in correct manner. Respective
organisation needs to celebrate the achievement of employees in order to motivate them. It is essential that rewards and recognition
are provided to employees in correct time. When company is celebrating great work done by employees in front of other in order to
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motivate them. This will help in improving performance of other employees as it will encourage them to perform business activities
in more effective manner (Cho, Park and Dahlgaard-Park, 2017). Recognition is one of the effective motivation method as it will
improve employees performance. This is an effective method of motivating employees of Marks and Spencer company. This company
should provide employee rewards as per their work great work done by staff members.
Training and development: Company should provide timely training to its employees so that they can improve their overall
performance. Training and development is an effective method for developing skills and qualities of employees so that they can work
in effective and efficient manner. Marks and Spencer company should provide training to its employees so that they can perform
business activities in correct manner. By this method company can improve its business activities as well as achieve desired goal in
effective manner. Training is an effective method for motivating employees as it lead to performing enterprise actions in correct way.
Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation.
There are two different types of motivation and this will help in influencing employees as well as performing activities in more
effective manner. Different motivation includes intrinsic as well as extrinsic motivation. In intrinsic motivation, behaviour of a person
is motivated by internal desires. There are different ways in which an individual will be motivated which includes reading books,
exercising in order to relieve stress and various other techniques. In extrinsic motivation a person will be motivated by various
external factors. This includes all those factors which will push an individual to do something as well as perform task in better manner.
Content versus process motivational theories
Motivation theories are considered as a framework that will help a person to perform business activities in more effective
manner. Motivation theories are divided into two different parts such as content theories and process theories. Content theories
majorly consist of all those theories which define what motivate a person. In process theories it consist of those theories that help in
explain different factors which are related to reason of motivation as well as how its occurs. Content theory includes Maslow's
hierarchy of needs, Herzberg's motivator-hygiene theory, alderfer's ERG theory and McClelland's three needs theory. Where as
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process theory includes Skinner's reinforcement theory, Victor Vroom's expectancy theory, Adam's equity theory and Locke's goal
setting theory.
How motivation can be harnessed to support competitive advantage.
Motivation play a crucial role in gaining competitive advantage over other rival companies. In order to achieve success in
business and accomplishment of set goals it is very important for company to perform business activities in more effective and
efficient manner. Motivation will support Marks and Spencer company to perform task in in better manner as well as using full
potentials to complete task. This will lead to gain competitive advantage over other rival companies.
Human capital theory
Human capital theory is majorly concerned with the knowledge and experience which help in conducting business operations in better
manner. Human resource is considered as a major capital of organisation as they are responsible for conducting business activities in
effectual manner. It sis very important for company to find and hire capable employees that is able to perform business functions.
Human capital theory is refers to the modern extension which includes explanation of wage. Human capital is concept with is majorly
related to the values of knowledge, habits and attributes which are people or employees have within them. It is very important for
improve productivity as well as performance of employees. It is essential for Marks and Spencer company to develop its organisation
as well as support them to perform business operation. Respective company needs to provide training to their employees as well as
support them in enhancing their skills and capabilities.
TASK 3
P3
Human resources is sector is improving day by day and it is very important that Marks and Spencer company develop it HR
practices. This company needs to conduct market research in order to analyse trends in market area (Jones and Harris, 2014). Human
resource is one of the crucial part of organisation as it helps in conducting business activities in more correct and appropriate manner.
Market research as well as contemporary knowledge is helpful in supporting evidence for emerging HR development. Respective
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company needs to analyse as well as evaluate internal and external environment carefully so that they can develop better business
strategies. Emerging HR development in recent time will have huge impact on overall functioning of respective organisation. Leaders
and managers needs to analyse as well as evaluate technological changes, new rules and regulation in order to implement HR
developments. It is very important for company to conduct research which will help in developing knowledge about emerging
development in HR practices. Different emerging HR development is mention below.
Acceleration Performance Management- It is known that job satisfaction and performance go hand in hand. Having a
chance to explore their creativity in turn leads to development of both job satisfaction and performance. Speeding up growth can be a
result of measuring and managing employee performances. This will help in gaining comparative advantage over other rival
companies and performing business activities at global market level.
Reviewing culture and giving continuous feedback- This is one of the most popular trends of HR can be consider as a
culture of reviews and feedbacks in the organisation. A HR manager focuses on improving the work performance of the employees in
the company. This can achieved when employees get continuous feedbacks on the work done by them and having it reviewed by a
senior. This practice not only helps the managers but also the employees in knowing where they might be doing wrong and areas that
need improvement.
Fitness Apps to increase employee engagement-Most organizations are expected to follow the trend of introducing fitness
and wellness apps to create work-life balance. For employees to be more productive and to be able to build a sustainable workforce, a
balance between work and life is important. The apps help in creating a balance between both. For example- employees can have
access to yoga, life counselling etc.
Employee Experience- A number of organizations reformed HR departments in their companies with the motive of focusing
more on human resource strategic in order to provide more attention is given to the worker as well as internal talent of organisation
this will result in more productivity and higher job gratification. Therefore, organizations now will be able to provide more attention to
the overall content of an worker.
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There is huge development in human resource practices as well as skills requirement. This is enhancing due to evolution in
advance technology and that has major impact over workforce behaviour as well as organisational culture. Impact of new and advance
technology on human resource of Marks and Spencer company is mention below.
Artificial Intelligence in HR- HR Bots do not destruct the usual human but transform and help in analysing the data.
Artificial Intelligence also helps eliminate bias while recruiting workforce. It helps access candidates based on their actual
requirements and avoids favourism. Organisations can focus on team relations instead of being caught up in unexciting tasks.
Use of online skill assessments- Online skill assessments have come up as an effective tool for talent management. Online
assessments can be of different kinds such as tests, surveys, quizzes can be used to mitigate the risks and rely on mere self-
assessment.
Investing in Talent- To promote talent development, more and more number of organizations are investing to satisfy the
employees and making them happy. Happy employees are more focused towards their goals and show a growth in their performance.
As a result, they have a higher retention rate and a strong sense of ownership.
Remote staff- Working from home or another country for employees has now become easier than ever. A study was
conducted and it was shown that about 70% of the employees needs to work in remotely manner at least once in a week. Organizations
are now focussing on using a their global network talented freelancers instead of recruiting full time organisation as well as build
short-term relationships.
Introducing Learning Management Systems- Development of skills is important no matter at what stage of career the
employees are. Today, organizations expect continuous learning among the employees. Therefore, companies are introducing learning
management systems that help managers check and track employees' learning process accurately.
Demand of work life balance
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