Marks & Spencer: Leadership Theories and Manager vs Leader Roles

This report provides a comparative analysis of the roles of managers and leaders within Marks & Spencer (M&S), highlighting the functions and responsibilities associated with each position. It delves into management operations, defining them as the various activities that enable management to fulfill organizational responsibilities, such as assigning duties and managing operations. The report contrasts the approaches of managers, who are typically organization-oriented and focused on setting and achieving goals, with those of leaders, who adopt more dynamic approaches and are often seen as visionary and creative. Furthermore, it examines the application of behavioral theory, trait theory, and transactional leadership within M&S, emphasizing how these theories influence management practices and employee motivation. The report concludes by summarizing the key differences between managers and leaders and the impact of leadership theories on organizational effectiveness. Desklib offers a variety of study tools and resources for students, including solved assignments and past papers.

MANAGEMENT
OPERATIONS

TABLE OF CONTENT
 Introduction
 Management theory in organization
 Conclusion
 References

INTRODUCTION
 Management operations is defined as various functions or activity of management that
enable the management to fulfil the responsibilities in the organization.
 Management operations involve various functions such as assigning duties to other
employee's, managing operations and other associated operations.
 In this report Marks and Spencer (M&S) is taken as an organization. This report
specifies the comparative analysis between the role of manager and leader in
organization context.

Comparative analysis between role of manager and leader
in organization
Basis of comparison Manager Leader
Definition Manager can be defined as
ability of individual to
manage employees and that
conduct the responsibility to
manage and operate various
operations of company
effectively.
Leadership can be defined as
ability of person to lead the
group of people.

CONT..
Approach The approach of managers is more
organization oriented they set the goals
and manage operations in such as way
that organization can effectively address
all such targets and goals of the
organization.
The operation approach of managers is
more like setting, measuring and
achieving goals.
Managers look more habitual towards
following the same practices as long as
the market not demanded some kind of
change in operational practices.
Leadership in M&S are more keen
towards following the dynamic
approaches for various operations in
company based on the various situations.
The dynamic approach of leaders towards
working practices entitled the leaders to
carry the image of visionary and creative.

CONT..
Involvement Managers in M&S carry the huge
involvement in various internal and
external operations of the M&S as
the managers carry the
responsibilities of smooth operations
of company.
Managers also need to deal with
external entities such as dealers,
manufacturers, customer's and other
associated entities as a part of the
working operations.
Involvement of leaders are mostly
restricted towards the both internal
and external aspects of the
organization.
Leaders also carry the major
involvement in internal aspects of
the organizations such as conducting
operations, solving issues and other
associated internal aspects of
organization.

Management theory in organization
Management in M&S are more keen towards following the behavioural theory for working practices.
Behavioural Theory:
 Behavioural theory is also called as human relation movement as it enable
the management to address various human dimensions in the organization.
Behavioural theory enable the management to better understand the human
behaviour in the organisation.
 The behavioural approach of management empower the management to
improve productivity by motivating employee's, solving conflicts and
managing expectations of employee's and consumer's. Role of manager is to
develop relations with employees so that actual issues of them can be
identified and proper solution can be taken to address their problem. Leaders
role is here to create healthy atmosphere where needs of workers are taken
as priority so that expectation of staff members can be met and they retain in
firm for longer duration.

CONT..
Trait theory
 Trait theory shows leaders are born with quality of leadership. Successful leaders
have qualities that or that cannot be teach to person or an individual. In context of
M&S it help company to reduce training provided to employees as their effective
skills help company to achieve goals more effectively and easily. Born skills and
abilities make employee attractive and effective towards success of organization
easily.
 Leader of company are intelligent and their role is to make positive judgement and
able to accept their responsibility for success of organization and to improve
effectiveness of organizations product and services. Leaders plays the role of guide
as they understand what their employees want and try to fulfil those requirements
to improve their effectiveness towards organization success. Self-confidence of
leaders and capacity to motivate help them to lead organization towards success.
 Mangers’ role is to utilise skills of workers in significant manner so that they work
better and contribute well in the success of business unit.

CONT..
 Transactional leadership explains that managers’ role in M&S that to
provide rewards and bonuses to their employees to increase their
efficiency towards success of organization and motivate them to work
according to requirement. Reward is provided on basis of efforts and
efficiency of employees that help organization to achieve goals and
objectives easily.
 Leaders play the role of monitor those who has to ensure that all
workers perform their duties well.

CONCLUSION
 This report concludes about various aspects that create a difference between the
position of manager and leaders in corporate organisations.
 Various functions of manager has also concluded in this report.
 Effect of leadership theories over organisation has also concluded in this report.

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
 Berry, A. J., Broadbent, J. and Otley, D. T. eds., 2016. Management control: theories,
issues and practices. Macmillan International Higher Education.
 Zeijen, M. E., Peeters, M. C. and Hakanen, J. J., 2018. Workaholism versus work
engagement and job crafting: What is the role of self‐management strategies?. Human
Resource Management Journal.28(2). pp.357-373.
 Rosenbaum, D., More, E. and Steane, P., 2018. Planned organisational change
management. Journal of Organizational Change Management.
 Johnson, A., Nguyen, H., Groth, M. and White, L., 2018. Workplace aggression and
organisational effectiveness: The mediating role of employee engagement. Australian
Journal of Management.43(4). pp.614-631.