Leadership and Management in Marks & Spencer: A Comprehensive Analysis

Desklib provides solved assignments and past papers to help students succeed.

LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT
1

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................................3
TASK 1..........................................................................................................................................................4
P1.............................................................................................................................................................4
P2.............................................................................................................................................................5
P3.............................................................................................................................................................9
TASK 2........................................................................................................................................................13
P4...........................................................................................................................................................13
P5...........................................................................................................................................................15
P6...........................................................................................................................................................17
CONCLUSION.............................................................................................................................................20
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................................21
2

INTRODUCTION
There many companies which have been establishing their markets in many different parts of the world
with the high-profit generation. Every such company aims to determine the best set of strategies and
procedures which are applied over the growth and development of an organization. Here the report
includes the in-detailed analysis of the various set od of operations and strategies which are applied in
an organization by the supporters and the backbone of an organization in terms of managers and
leaders defined in an organization (Asam et al., 2015).
Marks & Spencer has been recognized as one of the most popularly known company in the retail sector
which is the public limited company. The headquarters of the company has been established in London,
UK. The company serves to generate a large amount of profit over the retail sector of London, where the
total revenue of the company is evaluated to be €10.622 billion by operating the income of €690.6
million. At present, the total numbers of employees which are defined in an organization are 84,939 as
per the survey of 2017. The founder of the company Sir Michael Marks Thomas Spencer who founded
the company in the year 1884, the company serves to work as per the requirement of its customers as
the result of which the company follows the hierarchal structure implemented over the set of
procedures applied in the company (Asam et al., 2015).
3

TASK 1
P1
LEADER
A leader can be defined as the person which aims to generate motivation among the employees of an
organization by defining the mission and vision towards the organization depending upon the needs and
requirements in an organization.
MANAGER
Manager can be defined as the person who aims to manage the various procedures and operations
defined in an organization which includes planning, control, and coordination among the followers
which provides the best strategy dealing with the accomplishment of needs (Barnes, 2016).
ROLES OF LEADERS V/S MANAGERS
LEADERS MANAGERS
The subordinates of an organization are motivated
by the leader towards the accomplishment of
goals.
The entire organization has been effectively
managed by the manager
The foresightedness quality has been determined
by the leader
The intelligence quality has been determined by
the manager.
The decisions are facilitated by leaders The decisions are taken by managers
The set of followers are defined by the leaders the set of employees are defined by managers
The conflicts are utilized as an asset by the leader The occurrence of conflicts is avoided by the
managers.
The level of change is promoted by the leader The reaction towards the change has been defined
by the manager
The leaders aligned the people The manager organizes the people
The set of people are focused by Leader the procedures and process are focused by
Manager
The basic consult towards the leader in the The final results are accomplished by managers
4

development and growth of the team members. (Barnes, 2016).
ROLES AND CHARACTERISTICS OF LEADERS AND MANAGERS IN MARKS & SPENCER
The leaders and managers play an important role in the development and growth of an organization
where the responsibilities of a manager in Marks & Spencer are:
 The scheduling, hiring, managing of employees is being done by managers
 They are responsible for the evaluation of periodic views over the employees
 They are responsible for dealing with the disciplinary actions
 They are responsible for the execution of an effective set of procedures in an organization
The roles of a leader in Marks & Spencer are:
 The performance management is determined by the leader in an organization
 The operation management is determined by the leader in an organization
 The better and accurate sets of solutions are provided by a leader towards the accomplishment
of company services (Renz, 2016).
P2
ROLE OF LEADER IN DIFFERENT ORGANIZATIONAL CONTEXT
In an organization, the leaders and managers serve as an important asset within the organization as they
lead towards the fulfillment of the desired tasks defined in an organization. There are many functions of
management defining unique styles and traits of leadership which contributes towards the effective
working of the organization. Marks & Spencer has been facing many situations in relation with the
availability of material and resources in such situations the functions of management can serve helpful
in dealing with these situations (Binz et al., 2014).
As Marks & Spencer has been recognized as one of the most popularly known companies in the retail
sector which is the public limited company. The headquarters of the company has been established in
London, UK. The company serves to generate a large amount of profit over the retail sector of London,
where the total revenue of the company is evaluated to be €10.622 billion by operating the income of
5

€690.6 million. At present, the total numbers of employees which are defined in an organization are
84,939 as per the survey of 2017. The various set of situations which are defined in the company are:
STABLE SITUATION
In Marks & Spencer, any types of situations are defined within which the growth and development of an
organization are found to be stable. In a stable situation, the market doesn't define any change in terms
of recession, boom and inflation rate within the market. The stability has been defined instead of
affecting the organization
SLOW TO MODERATE SITUATION CHANGE
In Marks & Spencer, the competition can’t be determined towards the change in the purpose defined
within the organization from slow stable situations towards the moderate king of situations, which can
be found to be changed within the company, which leads towards the increase in the rate of inflation in
relation towards the effective set of growth and development strategies determined towards an
organization (Greene et al., 2016).
RAPID CHANGING SITUATION
Towards the fast-changing market, many types of situations are defined according to the environment
of the company, in the retail sector of marketing where the sales of the products depend upon the
demands of the customers. The company defines the best strategies and procedures in terms of
satisfying the demands of customers.
Marks & Spencer determines slow situations into moderate situations which serves beneficial towards
the profit generation and growth go the company towards the retail marketing sector, which is defined
as:
OUTER CHANGES IN AN ORGANIZATION
Marks & Spencer is defined as the leading company in the retail sector. The company includes a various
set of factors upon which the entire working of the organization is dependent. This includes modification
towards the policies determined by the government in terms of tax. The set of laws defined by the
company towards the variation in many policies and laws implemented over the organization by the
government of the country (Binz et al., 2014).
6

INNER CHANGES IN AN ORGANIZATION
These types of changes include the change in the financial condition of an organization. It includes
changes towards the marketing strategies, growth of a new and effective set of tools and techniques
defined in an organization. The changes in the team management lead towards the diversification of
many services and products which are defined in an organization (Greene et al., 2016).
FUNCTIONS OF MANAGERS
According to the statement defined by Henry Foyal, the functions and characteristics of management in
an organization are categorized into 5 major processes which include planning, controlling, guiding,
coordinating and controlling. As per the organizational context, the majority of strategies and
procedures leads towards the growth of an organization. The managers and leaders serve as an
important asset towards the development of the company. The role of managers in Marks & Spencer is
defined as:
PLANNING
It serves as the basic and most important step. It defines the set of procedures and strategies which are
new towards the process of an organization. In the procedures and strategies, the set of methods are
used as per the requirement towards the demands of customers. It includes revenues and sales with
reference to the retailer’s product.
ORGANIZING
After defining the planning towards the development and growth of an organization, the leaders and
managers of the company implement the best set of procedures with respect to the successful
completion of tasks. The managers of an organization deal with organizing the set of procedures in an
effective way. They motivate the employees to deal with the upcoming challenges in an organization
(Binz et al., 2014).
GUIDANCE
In order to determine the successful completion of tasks as per the demands of an organization, The
managers provide accurate and appropriate guidance towards the employees at various levels of task
7

accomplishment. It leads towards the successful and effective implementation of the various tasks
applied in an organization.
STAFFING
In terms of defining the effective set of methods and procedures, it serves necessary to have healthy
staffing towards the organization. Marks & Spencer recruits the staff and assigns the tasks as per the
ability and skills of the employees, which leads towards the efficient and successful implementation of
resources (Bush et al., 2019).
COORDINATION
On being determined as the leading company of UK, Marks & Spencer serves the best services. The
coordination among the employees of the organization leads towards the effective implementation of
various demands and procedures defined towards the growth and progress of an organization.
CONTROL
There are many strategies and procedures which are defined in Marks & Spencer. The managers of an
organization regulate the working of the procedures performed bt the employees. They regulate the
performance of employees contributing to the development of the organization (Chiarini, 2015).
8

P3
There are many theories which are being applied with reference to the type of culture and the
environment of marketing defined towards the organization. As Marks & Spencer has been defined as
the popular company in the retail sector, there are many different types of leadership approaches which
are utilized within the company which is defined as:
As Marks & Spencer is the retail industry which mainly concentrates towards the food and clothing. The
company works upon the "Lead to succeed". It is the leadership program which helps in determining the
future leaders of the company. This program has been considered the flagship development program. It
defines the future people strategy in an organization
AUTOCRATIC LEADERSHIP
This type of leadership style defines the way of defining the objectives towards the employees, along
with the accomplishment of the tasks. The feedback provided by the customers encourages the
employees to work better.
In Marks & Spencer, this style is used on rare occasions such as the entrance of new employee in an
organization. A dynamic type of leader uses this style in case of dealing effectively with the problems
generated in an organization, with reference towards the short time period (Davidson and Olsen, 2016).
BUREAUTIC LEADERSHIP
This type of leadership includes the fixed set of official duties towards the hierarchy of authority. In this,
the system of management and rules along with the concept of decision making is applied. This types of
leadership serve beneficial on regulating line of business and defining the innovative and creative set of
ideas among the employees of an organization.
DEMOCRATIC LEADERSHIP
This type of leadership includes the active participation of employees and staffs towards the decision
making the process of an organization. On involving the set of ideas of the employees of an organization,
the employees are defined as an important asset towards the development and growth of the company.
This motivates the employees to work with full dedication to the company. The final decision is taken by
9

the leader of an organization. This type of leadership style encourages the staff and members of an
organization.
In Marks & Spencer, this type of leadership is used by the dynamic leader. It has been used when the
leader needs input from its employees (De Roover, 2017).
COERCIVE LEADERSHIP
This type of leadership is used in conditions where the follower or the company needs a complete
turnover attempt. In Marks & Spencer, it serves effective during the occurrence of disasters, when the
performance of the employees matter the most. In such situations, immediate completion of instruction
leads towards the faster recovery of an organization.
However, as per Goldman's research, this style provides a negative impact on the working
environment of the company. It provides little opportunity for the reward.
TRANSACTIONAL LEADERSHIP
It is defined as an important style to be used in Marks & Spencer. The goal of the company has been
achieved by assuring the high performance among the teams of the company defined at a different level
of hierarchal structure. By using the bureaucracy approach, this leadership style is found to be most
suitable as per the retail business. The employees are defined and dedicated towards the work by them
motive of achieving reward system and increasing the size of the company (Donate and de Pablo, 2015).
LEISSEZ FEIR LEADERSHIP
It is the type of leadership style in which the leader allows the employees to take the decisions in a free
manner. It leads towards the motivational environment which overcome the low productivity within an
organization. In this style, employees have the ability to analyze their own problems.
OTHER THEORIES OF LEADERSHIP
SITUATIONAL LEADERSHIP
In Marks & Spencer, this type of leadership is determined effectively by using the hersey’s and Blanchard
Situational Model. This model was defined by Paul Hersey and Kenneth Blanchard. It includes the type of
10

leadership which is determined according to the requirement by accomplishing the targets in an
organization.
Figure 2: HERSEY’S AND BLANCHARD’S SITUATION MODEL
Source: (Davidson et al., 2016)
The features of this leadership are:
 It leads towards the increase in the level of confidence among followers by leaders
 It defines accurate understanding in terms of demands of followers
 This type of leadership changes as per the conditions of the organization
 It helps in selecting the best leadership style by defining the demands of followers (Haksever
and Render, 2018).
CONTINGENCY LEADERSHIP
In Marks & Spencer, the leadership approach is determined effectively by selecting the Fiedler’s
Contingency Model which is defined as:
Fiedler’s Contingency Model: In this type of model the test named as LPW (Low Preferred Worker) has
been defined which contributes towards the leadership style classification. This method is best suitable
for leaders who face difficulty in working with some set of employees. The names of such employees are
provided by a leader in conducting the test. The score of the test defines the4 exact behavior of
employee towards the organization. The score of LPW which is equal to or less than 57 provides task-
oriented leadership style. The score of LPW which is between 58-63 provides task-oriented or
11

relationship-oriented approach. The score greater than 64 defines a relationship leadership style
(Hamlin et al., 2017).
12