People and Organization Management Report: Marks and Spencer Analysis

This report provides an in-depth analysis of people management within organizations, focusing on leadership styles, organizational structure, and organizational culture, using Marks and Spencer as a case study. It explores various management styles, including autocratic and democratic approaches, and leadership styles like participative and delegative leadership. The report also examines different organizational structures such as hierarchical, flat, and divisional structures, as well as organizational cultures like clan, adhocracy, and market cultures. Furthermore, it discusses the relationship between organizational culture and structure, specifically in the context of Marks and Spencer. The report also addresses the legal requirements related to equal opportunities and the benefits of diversity in the workplace, referencing the Equality Act 2010 and its implications for organizations. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of effective management styles, leadership, organizational structure, and culture in achieving organizational goals and fostering a positive work environment.

Managing people and
Organisation

Contents
Introduction.................................................................................................................................................3
Main body...................................................................................................................................................3
Conclusion...................................................................................................................................................8
References...................................................................................................................................................9

Introduction
People management refers to a set of practices that encompass the end to end process of
talent acquisition, optimisation of talent and retention of talented people while providing a
continuous support for the enhancement of business. Managing people in an organisation plays
an important role as it helps the company e to attain their common goal in an effective manner
(Antimisiaris and Cutler, 2017). This organisation can create, comprehend, communicate,
collaborate and confront one another in order to develop a positive working culture within the
organisation. The essay report is being discussed about management and leadership style and
their role in an organisation. Organisational structure and organisational culture is also discussed
in the report and the relationship among them. Lastly, the report is discussing legal requirements
about equal opportunities and benefits of diversity at the workplace. The Chosen organisation of
this report is Marks and Spencer which is a British multinational retail company founded in the
year of 1884. The headquarter of the organisation is situated in London. The company is
specialised in selling clothes, home products and other food products mostly with its own label.
Main body
Management style is a way in which the managers of an organisation used to work in
order to fulfill their goals in an effective manner. These styles include the way that managers
plan, organize, make decisions, delegate and manage their subordinates within the organisation.
Types of Management Styles: Autocratic Management Styles: it is the kind of Management
which follows a top to down approach with one way communication where the employer used to
communicate to their employees (Copperman and Brown, 2021). This is the most controlling of
different management styles with the management making workplace decisions and all the power
in their hands.
Democratic Management Styles: it is the type of Style where the managers use to
encourage their workforce to give input during the decision making process but the ultimate
decision will be taken by the higher authorities only (Dahlke, Hall and Baumbusch, 2017). In
this type of management style communication goes both ways top to down and bottom to up.
This process allows for diverse opinions, skills and ideas in order to inform the decision.

Leadership style is the leader's method of providing direction implementing the plan and
motivating the workforce. There are several leadership styles which can be proposed and
identified by the authors which are exhibited by leaders in the political business in other fields.
Types of leadership styles: Participative Leadership Style: these are rooted in democratic
theory. This style helps in order to involve team members while making the decision (Drust,
O’Boyle and Gillett, 2018). This helps the team member to feel included, engaged and motivated
in order to contribute their views. If there is an egg disagreement within a group it can be a time-
consuming process to reach a consensus. This helps in encouraging the creativity of employees.
Delegative Leadership Style: this leadership style focuses on delegating initiatives to
team members. This style can be successful only when the team members are competent, take
responsibility and prefer engaging in individual work (Hietajärvi, Aaltonen and Haapasalo,
2017). This helps in innovation and creativity is highly valued by the employees. This style helps
in creating a positive working environment which is also used in order to motivate the
workforce. It is used in order to develop a positive brand image into the competitive brand image
which helps them to attract their targeted customers towards the organization. This helps them to
enhance their sale and enhancement of the profitability.
Marks and Spencer uses democratic management styles in order to encourage their
employees to give their imports during the decision-making processes and also use participatory
leadership style which is used to encourage their employees to give their creativity to the
organisation and also resulted in high level of productivity for the organization (Klonek and
Parker, 2018). This helps in increasing the motivation and job satisfaction. It helps the chosen
organsiation to get innovative ideas from their workforce which helps the company to develop
their products in an innovative manners which can be used to encourage their targeted audience
so that they can avail their products more.
Organisational structure is a system which outlines how certain activities can be directed
within the organisation so that they can achieve the common goal in an effective manner. There
are several activities which are included in organisational structure such as rules, roles and
responsibilities which are also helpful in determining how Information flows between different
levels within the enterprise.

Hierarchical organisational structure is in the pyramid shaped chart. It is the most
common type of organisational structure which is used by many of the organisation as in this the
chain of common goals from top level to the ground level and each employee has a supervisor
(Lee, Lanting and Rojdamrongratana, 2017). It is helpful in defining the different levels of
authorities with their responsibilities. As it is used in order to motivate the Employees with clear
carrier parts and chances for promotions are more.
Horizontal or flat organisational structure of its companies with few levels between upper
management and staff level employees. This helps in encouraging less supervision and more
involvement from the employees sides (McGinlay and et. al., 2021). It helps in Giving more
responsibilities to their workforce and faster communication.
Divisional organisational structure is used by the company in order to have a control over
their own resources which are essentially operating. These are used by the large organisation as
each division has its own marketing team, sales team, IT team and many other teams.
Organisational Culture is the collection of values, expectations and practices which helps
the org anisation to guide and inform the actions of all the team members. The positive culture
exemplifies positive traits which are used by the organisation in order to improve their
performance and brings out the qualities which are hidden in the firm (Regehr and Goel, 2020).
There are several types of organisational culture:
Clan culture where the people used to focus on the sensors that help the company to feel
like one big family. In the organisation there is a highly collaborative working environment
where every work force is valued and communication is on the top of the priority. This is often
paired with a horizontal structure which helps the organisation to break barriers between the
employees and used in order to encourage the mentorship opportunities among them.
Adhocracy culture is rooted in innovation. There are several companies which cut the
ages of the industry in order to develop the next big thing before anyone else has started. In this
they need to take the risk and value individually in the sensors that workforce is encouraged so
that they can think creatively and bring different ideas for the benefits of an organization
(Simmers and McMURRAY, 2019). This helps organisations to have high profit margins and
notoriety.

Market culture helps the organisation in order to focus on the competition and their
growth as it helps in determining the external factors which have an impact on the organisation.
Organisation used to examine from the bottom line in mind and each position has an object
which is aligned in order to attain the common goal of the organizational (Zanella and Guda,
2020). The work force used to focus on external success rather than internal satisfaction.
Relationship between organisational culture and structure of Marks and Spencer plays an
important role in order to motivate their employees so that the company can attend to the
common goal in an effective manner. The Chosen organisation used to follow a flat
organisational structure as it has Limited levels of Management between administrative level and
Frontline employees (Taylor, 2020). This helps companies to encourage Their employees in
order to make more decisions. As it is easy for them to allow a rapid change and solve the issues
which are faced by the employees within the organisation. The Chosen organisation uses Dragon
organisational culture where uh everywhere the business makes real efforts in order to improve
their customer service market reach and provide proper training to their employees which helps
them to satisfy their customers and resolve their issues in an effective manner.
United Kingdom employment equality law plays an important role in order to develop
rules and regulations which legislate against prejudice based actions in the working environment
of any of the organisation. Labour Law talks about unlawful discrimination against a person with
respect to the age disability gender marriage and other civil partnership such as race,, religion,
belief, sex, maternity and many others. The equality e act 2010 talks about the discrimination in
access to education public service private goods and services transportation and in addition to
employment (Thornton and et. al., 2018). The main objective behind this act is to consolidate
update and supplement the number of prior acts which are related to Equality and formulate the
basis of anti discrimination laws. These laws are helpful in order to protecting any discrimination
based on nationality of the person and citizenship and also helpful in order to extend the rights of
an individual in order to beyond the workplace (Westaby, Fowler and Phillips, 2020). This helps
in protecting with respect to discrimination or unfair treatment on the basis of these protected
characteristics which is against the law. That is provided a legal Framework so that they can
protect the rights of an individual and promote equal opportunities for everyone. This helps in
ensuring that people with protected characteristics are not disadvantaged. All law only talks

about discrimination but not specifically what reasonable adjustment in order to support and
advise the clubs in an attempt to mitigate any legal action. Every organisation is required to
provide access to the audits, design appraisal staff training and other programs in order to have a
positive working culture within the organisation. Marks and Spencer is also so following the
provisions of an act and always try to provide equal opportunities for every employee without
discriminating then on the basis of their caste, religion, sex, age, maternity and any others (Ye,
2017). The company is using him in resource policies and provide and data privacy which helps
them to protect the data of their customers and employees.

Conclusion
From the above report it can be concluded that it is necessary for every organisation to
have a proper management style in order to manage their workforce in an effective manner
which helps them to get the best outcome and enhance their productivity of an organisation. This
can be done by adopting a best leadership style so that the company can use different leadership
styles in order to manage the internal factors in an effective manner which helps them to
motivate their team so that they can give their best to the organisation. The organisational
structure and culture also plays an important role in the company as it is beneficial and helps in
order to attain the common goal of the organisation. There are several laws which help the
organisation to provide equal opportunities and benefits of diversity at the workplace. This is
beneficial for both the organisation and the employees as it helps in protecting the rights of the
employees and helpful in motivating them to work in a positive working environment.

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