Policy Development Report: Analysis of Marks & Spencer Policies

This report provides a detailed analysis of policy development, covering various aspects such as policy development processes, cycles, and analytical frameworks. It examines the importance of existing policies and relevant legislation. The report includes a case study on Marks & Spencer, evaluating its current situation, internal and external factors, and the need for an Access and Equity Policy. It identifies risks associated with the absence of such a policy and proposes priority areas for development. The report also delves into the practical application of policy development principles within a real-world business context, offering insights into how organizations can create and implement effective policies to address challenges and promote equity. The Marks & Spencer case study analyzes the company's internal and external environment, identifies key issues, and proposes an access and equity policy to address them.

Running head: POLICY DEVELOPMENT
Name
Student ID
The course & unit of competency: POLICY DEVELOPMENT
Date:

1
Name: COURSE: POLICY DEVELOPMENT
Student ID:
Date:
Table of Contents
ASSESSMENT 1: WRITTEN QUESTIONS......................................................................2
ASSESMENT2: PROJECT................................................................................................6
Part 1:.............................................................................................................................6
Part 2:.............................................................................................................................8
Part 3:...........................................................................................................................10
Part 4:...........................................................................................................................12
Part 5:...........................................................................................................................14
Part 6:...........................................................................................................................17
References:......................................................................................................................19

2
Name: COURSE: POLICY DEVELOPMENT
Student ID:
Date:
ASSESSMENT 1: WRITTEN QUESTIONS
A) Explain policy development processes and practices.
Policy development is one of the important facts and includes several steps to
implement a policy. Steps are as below:
Issue identification: Issue identification is essential to make the policy, and the
organization must need to understand which issue needs to be resolved by modification
or creation of a policy.
Appointing the persons or board: Policy development procedure is the long-term
process and to maintain the process systematically appointing a board, or some
persons is essential.
Setting the policy development process: This step is essential for the development of
the policy where board need to develop a plan, conduct research and prepare the whole
chart of which steps are needed to be taken first (Hill & Varone, 2014).
Research: This includes a research process of evaluating the policy of other company,
internet research, evaluating the participants and much more to judge the effectiveness
of the policy.
Consultation: This stage includes consulting the discussion paper with all the
stakeholders and gains the review or feedback from them regarding the policy.
Preparing draft: In this stage, a draft has been made as a first step towards the
preparing the policy by evaluating the consultation process (Oleszek,2014).
Consultation stage 2: After preparing the draft it is mandatory to share it with the
stakeholders and take the review from them for better understanding.
Adaptation: after evaluating all the factors and terms when board get the satisfaction
then it is the perfect time to finalize the policy

3
Name: COURSE: POLICY DEVELOPMENT
Student ID:
Date:
Communication: After finalizing the policy it is necessary to build a suitable
communication with the organization’s all members, proper training can also be
formulated to understand and implementing the policy.
Monitoring: After implementation, proper monitoring needs to be formulated to judge the
future step.
B) Explain the operation of policy cycles
:
Operation policy cycle consists of 5steps are as below:
Setting the policy agenda: the First component of the policy cycle is setting a policy
agenda regarding which resource company have, which need to manage which need to
give the priority and many more. This is the basic process of formulating requirements
and finding the source to meet it.
Writing policy: Demonstrate the policy in a clean, simple and clear manner to make it
simple for the organization.
Implementing policy: Implementing the policy is the important part because basically,
people think that policy is made to restrict (Holmes, 2015). in order to mitigate this
proper clear presentation is needed and should have to provide sufficient time to
understand the policy.
Enforcing policy: After the implementation of the policy and determine all the factors
and review, feedback policy has been enforcing.
Reviewing and Updating Policy: After the enforcement, it is necessary to review the
policy every time because sometimes after implementing the policy it becomes diversely
affected the organization (Sheldon, 2016). Proper review needs to be done to maintain
the policy systematically.
C) Describe how to use analytical policy development frameworks

4
Name: COURSE: POLICY DEVELOPMENT
Student ID:
Date:
An analytical framework is a process to develop the policy within an organization.
It has five steps structure through which whole the policy development process goes
through. The first step is to realize the need for the policy. It is the basic step that needs
to be taken after identifying the issue. Next step is the planning. Policymaking
procedure is time-consuming and complicated. In order to develop a proper policy clean
and clear planning is needed. The very next step is the implementation of the policy.
This is the vital step of the analytical framework because before implementing, various
steps need to be followed such as understanding the policy, make aware about the
policy, proper training of the authority to understand rules and regulation. Implementing
policy is also time-consuming because numerous stages are there and proper, flexible
decision must need to be taken to implement any policy because lots of variables
depend on a single policy (Valls et al. 2016). Not all the policy helps to mitigate the
situation sometime reverse reaction can also happen. After implementing, another
important step is the evaluation of the policy. Evaluation stages are also important
because it reveals the importance and effectiveness of the new policy and also shows
the whole activity of the policy. The review is the last part that needs to be taken from
the employees and authority of the organization about the effectiveness of the policy.
Review stage reflects the actual nature of the policy, is it helpful or not. This basic five
components of the analytical framework complete the whole process of the policy-
making and also reveals the importance of the newly made policy.

5
Name: COURSE: POLICY DEVELOPMENT
Student ID:
Date:
D. Identify the role of the existing Policies and Procedures underpinning the work area
and how they relate to identifying area for policy development or review.
Existing policies and the procedure can be stated as the main regulating
structure of an organization. Existing policies help to organize the conflict situation not
only that also guides the company and employees how to interpret with the
organization. Policy maybe of different types and all the policy helps to lead the
organization in a systematic manner. Sometimes new issues arise and existing policies
are not suitable to mitigate the issue. For example, if employee turnover occurs in an
organization, then the company needs to rebuild or develop the existing policies to
retain the employees and also need to develop the exact procedures how to retain the
employee to meet the policy. In this type of situation, development of the new policy is
needed and for this review and evaluation need to be done. Development of the new
policy can be done after evaluating the existing policy, and existing policy always guides
the authority to develop the new policy. Existing policy reveals the area for which
policymaking is needed through the dissolution of the existing rules (Boarnet et al.
2017). When an existing policy and procedures are not able to cooperate with the
situation, then it automatically demanded the development of the new policy and also
determined the area of research to prepare the new rules.

6
Name: COURSE: POLICY DEVELOPMENT
Student ID:
Date:
E. List five legislations/regulations on which policies and procedures should be based?
Five legislations on which policies and procedures should be based are as follow:
a) Healthy and safety act
b) Equal opportunity act
c) Employee code of conduct act
d) Anti-discrimination and harassment act
e) Employee disciplinary act
ASSESMENT2: PROJECT
For this project, the chosen company is Marks & Spencer(M&S) which the
multinational retail company of the united states and have many branches all over the
world.
Part 1:
1) Describe the organization current situations including internal and external factors,
issues, events, and business directions.
Marks & Spencer is the largest brand in the UK and has the popularity among
the customers. Internal factors like their product lifecycle are 3 to 5 years, and high price
sometimes creates problems between the customers. However, the company has the
strong market position and variety of products still various issue like employee
dissatisfaction, job security, products quality sometimes affect the company in a large
manner. External factor like changing the tax structure, health act affect the company in
a various time interval.
Issues facing the company is the environment of the stores and lack of proper
training of employees to operate the stores. Several issues are notified against the
Marks & Spencer regarding the environment of the stores as a few days ago a chair

7
Name: COURSE: POLICY DEVELOPMENT
Student ID:
Date:
broke down and a lady got a severe injury, and in another store, a small disabled kid
was injured by a broken piece of glass found in the floor. Several issues also brought
into notice like bad behaviour of the employees like discriminating black people in the
UK, offensive and unnecessary shouting on few women and kid and also few
employees left the company due to unequal justice and unequal resource distribution
because they belonged from the other culture and moved to the rival TESCO
("Welcome to Marks & Spencer", 2018). Several events regarding employees training
have been taken and also some measures to remove the harmful environment have
been taken. Marks & Spencer is now going to launch the new training procedure and
also wants to remove the barriers in stores to increase the sales by providing the secure
atmosphere to the customers.
2. Explain how the Access and Equity Policy and Procedure are important to the
business and its clients.
Access and Equity Policy is the most important policy for the company because
this is the main policy to promote the equality in the business and also to facilitate the
just work environment. Above-mentioned issues like misbehaviour of the employees on
black people and uncertain injury of a disabled kid can be minimised by developing the
new Access and Equity Policy. Access and Equity Policy includes various steps to
remove the barriers in the workplace and promote fair and equal distribution of the
resources (Dunn,2015). The issue regarding the social discrimination and unequal
justice also decrease the image of the company and client also got discouraged due to
sales decrease. Access and Equity Policy helps to secure the organization from the
legal harassment of the government. This policy and procedures push the company to
increase the level of their business by providing equal justice and maintain the value of
the customers. Employees satisfaction can also be met by the Access and Equity Policy
by facilitating proper distribution of facilities.
3. Conduct critical analysis of the need for Access and Equity Policy and Procedure
development against the internal and external environment.

8
Name: COURSE: POLICY DEVELOPMENT
Student ID:
Date:
Access and Equity Policy is important to minimise the internal and external
factors of the M&S Company. Access and Equity Policy reveals the fare participations of
the customers and also spreading the equal justice in the workplace. In M&S several
internal and external issues are notified. Misbehave with the black women is the main
issue which needs to mitigate and for this implementing the Access and Equity Policy is
essentials. Unpredictable injury of a disable kid and a woman also reveal the arbitrary
situation of the stores and to minimise the issue development of the Access, and Equity
Policy is needed because this policy reveals the secure and safe participation in the
business (Walsh,2017). Unequal justice and resource distribution among the employees
are also demanded the development of Access and Equity Policy to generate the proper
resource distribution and equal justice ignoring the background of the employees. All
these internal and external factors and a disturbed situation in the stores and company
reflects the need for the Access and Equity Policy and company is also determined to
facilitate proper policy to minimize the situation.
4. What are the priority areas for this policy development?
The main priority area of this policy development is to promote the proper workplace
environment with safety, security, and proper training of the employees to behave
properly with the customers ignoring the background, cultures, racism, and age, gender.
All these areas need to sort out to facilitate the business properly and Access and
Equity Policy is the main policy they must need to develop.
 Proper training of the employees
 Facilitating the equal justice in the company
 Improving workplace environment to ensure the safe participation of the
customers.
 Providing justice by ignoring the gender, caste, racism.
Part 2:
1. Identify and analyze risks of the issues likely to impact if this Policy and Procedure is
not in place.

9
Name: COURSE: POLICY DEVELOPMENT
Student ID:
Date:
If this policy is not in place, the numbers of factors can arise which can impact
the business. Continuous discrimination and injustice with the black people can hamper
the company in the society, and government interference can occur which is not
predictable for the company, and also company can lose their brand image in the
market. An improper workplace can cause many other injuries to the customers, which
can even force the government to close the stores of the M&S. Continuous employee
turnover in the ground of culture discrimination can also hamper the workplace image,
and new recruitment will be hampered. Sales of the company can also go down due to
this congested condition of the company.
2. Outline the policy development requirements in a policy development plan.
Action Responsibility Timeline Target
(Description of action) (action owner) (completion date) Measurable target
Introduction of the
access and equity
policy and
discussion of
issues facing by
the company and
need of the
development of
the policy.
Compliance officer April 17 Staff will
understand the
issues and policy
ti incorporate with
it.
Develop a proper
training regarding
avoiding the
discrimination on
the ground of
racism and
facilitating proper
guidelines to
Compliance officer April 25 Employees will
understand the
access and equity
policy and will
avoid the
discrimination on
the ground of

10
Name: COURSE: POLICY DEVELOPMENT
Student ID:
Date:
understand the
access and equity
policy.
racism in future.
Facilitating proper
training regarding
on job behavior of
the employees to
promote the
access and equity
policy
Store manager May 30 Employee will get
the information
about the on job
activities within
the store.
Part 3:
1. Conduct a group consultation to analyze information for policy.
The consultation process is very much important for the company to develop the
policy because through the consultation process information are gathered for the policy.
There are few steps of consultation such as:
Development: In this stage the board who is engaged to direct the policy, identify the
need for the policy. In this case, the issues are the main reason to develop the policy
and identification of the issues are done from the public review, evaluation and many
more.
Preliminary consultation: In this process, the board has submitted the draft of the policy
to the groups confidentially and discussion regarding the policy occurred.
Review: In this step, all the information gathered is reviewed thoroughly to understand
the issues.

11
Name: COURSE: POLICY DEVELOPMENT
Student ID:
Date:
Taking the review from the group member: After discussion of the draft policy, the
individual review has been taken to understand the need and requirement of the policy.
Taking the decision: After the consultation of all the reviews and regulation of the policy,
the final decision has been made to mitigate the issue with a critical analysis of all the
information and future aspect of the policy.
8) Document source of information required to support the policy development
In order to develop the policy proper document source is needed. Document
source is of various types such as public review, journal review, internal review, report
review and many more. In Marks and Spencer, the issues which are brought into
account and for which development of the policy has been initiated, public review are
the main source of this issues. Review from the public and various newspaper and
journal review reveals that some disorder happened in the stores and within the
organization. All these sources demanded the development of the policy to mitigate the
issues and for proper justification.
9. Draw up an analytical framework for the development of the policy

12
Name: COURSE: POLICY DEVELOPMENT
Student ID:
Date:
ISSUE IDENTIFICATION
POLICY ANALYSIS
STRATEGY &POLICY DEVELOPMENT
POLICY IMPLEMENTATION
REVIEW THE
POLICY
ANALYTICAL
FRAMEWORKK
ANALYTICAL FRAMEWORK OF POLICY DEVELOPMENT
PART 4:
10: What are the policy options and the key points to be addressed in the policy and
procedure?

13
Name: COURSE: POLICY DEVELOPMENT
Student ID:
Date:
Policy option:
a) The main policy option is to facilitate the equality and justice in the workplace.
b) Increasing awareness regarding the discrimination on the ground of racism, sexual
harassment, culture, age, gender and many more.
c) Providing safe participation of the customers.
d) Increase the sustainability level of the company.
Key points:
a) Free participation of employees in the organization.
b) Mitigating the discrimination on the ground of racism.
c) Organizing proper and safe workplace .
d) Accelerating the growth of the company by facilitating the policy.
11. How do you communicate and promote the policy options?
Communicating and promoting the policy is one of the important parts of the
development the final policy and implementing the policy. In order to communicate and
promote the policy company can share the draft with their stakeholders and other
important people of the M&S company. Internet access is another best way to get the
review of the policy. Uploading the policy brief on the company’s website can be
effective, writing blog regarding the research and policy is another viable solution to
communicate and promote the policy
12. Explain the risk treatments according to the policy development plan.
Risk treatment is the process of identification of the risk and selecting the risk
that are not acceptable (Çifci et al., 2016). In the policy development plan there are

14
Name: COURSE: POLICY DEVELOPMENT
Student ID:
Date:
several risks that need to be treated seriously and for this an action plan can be
measured as below.
Risk
identification
Action Risk treatment Risk owner Resolved date
Discrimination in
the store on the
ground of
racism
Reduce  Identification of
the cause of the
issue.
 Identification of
the training to
manage.
 Proper review of
the training.
Store’s
employees
25th april
Employee
turnover due to
unequal
distribution of
the resource
because of
different culture.
Reduce  Identification of
the cause of the
issue.
 Implementing the
policy and raise
the awareness
about the
legislation.
Human
resource
authority.
17th may
13. Explain the policy development approvals/endorsements procedures
In this approval procedure, three steps are there such as:
Prepared approval form: document manager who is responsible for preparing the
document, completes the approval form, and then release it to the higher responsible
officer including the final draft for their signature and review.
Submission for the approval: After getting the draft and form responsible officer signed
the form and sent a partial approval form to the approver (Tomczak, Reinecke &
Kuss,2018).

15
Name: COURSE: POLICY DEVELOPMENT
Student ID:
Date:
Post-approval: responsible officer inspects the whole procedure of draft and the signed
approval form and ensures that the approval form and draft are sent to the higher
authority and document manager.
Part 5:
14. Draft the Access and Equity Policy and Procedure
Draft of access and equity policy:
 Improving free participation of the customers.
 Remove discrimination on the ground of age, gender, culture, racism.
 Remove inequality within the organization.
 Person with disability may also included in this policy to promote the social and
health promotion
 All the customers must be treated fairly and professionally.
 All the trainers are responsible to promote the quality training and proper
supervision.
 Violence of Access and equity policy must be treated according to the policy‘s
regulation.
Procedure:
 Facilitating proper training for the employees.
 Organising proper workplace in the store.
 Proper evaluation within perfect time interval.
15. Consult with 3 colleagues (your classmates) to determine whether any amendment
is required.
1st classmate: According to him policy is fine and viable, and it will help the company to
promote the equity and fair treatment.
2nd classmate: According to him some rules need to make for those who will break the
policy. This will help the company to maintain the policy.
3rd classmate: Including disable person in the policy can hamper the safety and healthy
issue. It needs to be amended.

16
Name: COURSE: POLICY DEVELOPMENT
Student ID:
Date:
16. Implement risk management to ensure policy development progress meet the
timeframe
Risk management is important in the development of a policy. In order to implement the
risk management few steps are:
Identifying risk: Identify and evaluate the risk is most important in implementing risk
management.
Facilitating risk management statement: It is important to give a statement that the
company is not taking any chance of any risks, all the risks are taken seriously.
Outlining the strategy: Proper outline of the risk management has been taken to fix the
strategy.
Training: It is the most important part and to be familiar with the new practices training is
required to understand and mitigate the risk.
Document procedure: A well-written document is prepared for facilitating the risk
management and point of the issue is clarified in the document and all the strategy as
well for the staffs (Allen, Simonsen & Latessa,2015).
Choosing responsible officer: In order to facilitate the risk management responsibilities
have been divided into the specific person for the better result.
17. Develop an implementation plan in the policy that details responsibilities for
implementation initial and ongoing training and maintenance of the policy.
Plan Time Responsible officer Deadline
Conduct a training to
the authority
management
regarding policy and
effects of the policy
Within 2day Policy coordinator 3days
Sending draft to the Within 4days Policy manager 5days

17
Name: COURSE: POLICY DEVELOPMENT
Student ID:
Date:
company stakeholder
Arranging meeting or
session with all the
employees to let them
know about the policy
Within 5days Human resource
manager
6days
18. Develop a mechanism for monitoring compliance with the policy, quality assurance
and evaluation of the policy.
Preparing a monitoring strategy: First step to developing a monitoring mechanism is
preparing a perfect strategy. Which need to evaluate and why need to evaluate and how
to be evaluated such question must need to be answered by this strategy.
Allocate the responsibility: allocating responsibilities is the better option to monitor the
whole process properly and fairly.
Evaluating others policy: Evaluating others policy is important for the company because
it will reveal the gap and strength of the company.
Checking the review: Review analysis is another important monitoring technique that
can help to find out the effectiveness of the policy.
19. Present the Policy and Procedure in the organizational style and format
requirements
Access and Equity policy:
 Marks and Spencer, as a largest retail business aims to ensure that free and
flexible participation of the customers in the store.
 M&S ensures that all the customers are treated fairly and professionally.
 M&S aims to ensure equal distribution of the resource and equal judgement.
 Quality training is provided to increase the effectiveness of the employees.
 Violence of the policy will be punished according to the rules and regulation.
Procedure:
 Proper training will be provided.

18
Name: COURSE: POLICY DEVELOPMENT
Student ID:
Date:
 Facilitating proper workplaces in the store .
 Evaluation of the whole procedure in perfect time interval.
Part 6:
20. Write an email to the key stakeholders in order to circulate the newly developed
policy.
Sub: Circulation of the new policy.
All the people associated with the M&S are requested to look the new Access and
Equity policy. The main aim of the policy is to provide equal and fair distribution of the
resource and to remove all the barriers regarding discrimination on the ground of age,
gender, culture, racism. Establishing the proper environment in all the stores and
professional behaviour of the employees in the store. Proper training will be provided to
every employee to understand the policy. You are requested to provide your feedback
and opinion regarding the policy.
Thank you,
M&S
21. How would you manage fallout from dissenting stakeholders?
An opinion of the stakeholder is important for the policy and different opinion
of different stakeholders need to be evaluated for a better result. In case of dissenting,
an event can be arranged to make them understand about every rules and regulation of
the policy. Their opinion must also be considered to develop the better policy. If any
policy creates confusion or harms the stakeholders choice then that rules must need to
be evaluated again.
22. Organize an information session to release and promote the policy. Include the
handouts and signatures of the participants who attended the information session.

19
Name: COURSE: POLICY DEVELOPMENT
Student ID:
Date:
Violence of the policy must not be accepted and all the employees are requested to maintain the po
Removing any type of discrimination on the ground of age, gender, race, culture, racism. Proper beha
Policy will also available at the social media and many other website, proper
ACCESS AND EQUITY POLICY
Free and flexible participation of
all the customers in the stores of
the M&S
Removing barrier by managing the
suitable and valuable workplace
environment safe from any disaster.

20
Name: COURSE: POLICY DEVELOPMENT
Student ID:
Date:
References:
Allen, H. E., Simonsen, C. E., & Latessa, E. J. (2015). Corrections in America: an
introduction. Prentice Hall.
Boarnet, M. G., Giuliano, G., Hou, Y., & Shin, E. J. (2017). First/last mile transit access
as an equity planning issue. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and
Practice, 103, 296-310.
Çifci, S., Ekinci, Y., Whyatt, G., Japutra, A., Molinillo, S., & Siala, H. (2016). A cross
validation of Consumer-Based Brand Equity models: Driving customer equity in
retail brands. Journal of Business Research, 69(9), 3740-3747.
Dunn, W. N. (2015). Public policy analysis. Routledge.
Hill, M., & Varone, F. (2014). The public policy process. Routledge.
Holmes, J. E. (2015). The mood/interest theory of American foreign policy. University
Press of Kentucky.
Oleszek, W. J. (2014). Congressional procedures and the policy process. Sage.
Sheldon, M. R. (2016). Policy-Making Theory as an Analytical Framework in Policy
Analysis: Implications for Research Design and Professional Advocacy. Physical
therapy, 96(1), 101-110.
Tomczak, T., Reinecke, S., & Kuss, A. (2018). Introduction. In Strategic Marketing (pp.
1-18). Springer Gabler, Wiesbaden.
Valls, M., Ayrault, J. M., Royal, S., & Chanteguet, J. P. (2016). Bill project authorizing
the ratification of the Paris agreement adopted on the 12 December 2015-Nr
3719. Impact study. Opinion on the behalf of the Commission for sustainable
development and land planning on the bill project, after initiation of the
accelerated procedure authorizing the ratification of the Paris agreement adopted
on the 12 December 2015 (nr 3719)-Nr 3733.
Walsh, C. E. (2017). Monetary theory and policy. MIT press.