Marriott Case Study: Organisational Behaviour Analysis Report

This report provides a comprehensive analysis of organisational behaviour within Marriott, a major hospitality company. It begins by defining organisational behaviour and its importance, then delves into Marriott's organisational culture using Hofstede's model, examining power distance, individualism, uncertainty avoidance, masculinity/femininity, long/short-term orientation, and indulgence/restraint. The report then explores organisational power, focusing on reward and coercive power, and discusses the role of organisational politics at Marriott. It further examines motivational theories, including Herzberg's two-factor theory and equity theory, to understand employee motivation. Finally, the report analyses team dynamics, including the stages of team development according to Tuckman's model, to illustrate the creation of effective teams within the company. The report aims to provide an understanding of how these factors affect the workplace environment and employee performance at Marriott.

ORGANISATIONAL
BEHAVIOUR

Table of Contents

INTRODUCTION
Organisational behaviour is the combination of administration related activities which
include production and determining the behaviour of individuals who work in an organisation.
For this it conduct proper research to analyse the basic objectives and requirements of the
employees. Moreover this study focuses on the interaction of employees and also reflects the
behaviour and assumptions of them (Borkowski, 2016). To examine the behaviour of people,
managers use scientific research to observe the personality and frame of mind of the employees
as what they do to in particular situations and circumstances. This report is based onMarriott
which is an American diversified hospitality company which manages franchises its broad
portfolio of hotels and other concerned services. Company is founded by J. Willard Marriott and
led by Bill Marriott as an executive chairman. Marriott becomes the third largest hotel chain with
30 brands and 7003 properties in 131 countries. Additionally, this report is going to cover that
how the culture power and politics impacts team and its behaviour on organisation and also
analyse the different theories of motivation it is helpful in achieving the desired goals. At last,
different theories concepts and models replied in the context of considered company.
TASK 1
P1.
Organisational Culture:
The culture of administration is relies on the values of company and the behaviour of
employees who work in it. Every structure carry its own civilisation which aid them in
examining and analysing the action of their workers (Vasu, Stewart and Garson, 2017).
Organisational culture is useful in dominant and managing the people of an organisation as it
influences many elements like technology, product type, style and strategy of Management. The
culture consider the vision, mission, norms environment of company. In order to describe the
culture of Marriott, Hofstede model is used which is discussed as under: Power Distance Index: This culture describe the extent in which in equality and power is
considered. Here, these factors are viewed from the perspective of followers who belongs
from lower level. As high power describes that culture in which in equity and power
difference is considered and represent high respect towards authority (Kanfer and Chen,

2016). Meanwhile, low power depicts the motivation towards the structure of
organisation and focus on the distribution of power among the subordinates. For instance,
if Marriott adopt low power within the organisation that it put affirmative effect on the
execution of their employees and enhance their productivity. Collectivism vs. Individualism: This dimension describe the degree in which societies are
classified into groups and their perceived obligations on groups. As individualism put
emphasis on achieving personal goals and always consider self image and self work
before others (Gelfand and et. al., 2017). Meanwhile, collectivism put great importance
on achieving the goals and objectives of whole group and the wellbeing of group. In
relation with Marriott, collectivism is good for them as here, the viewpoint of whole
group is considered which helps in motivating employees and their performance. Uncertainty Avoidance Index: This dimension consider the uncertainty which arises
from the unknown and unexpected situations. High uncertainty depicts list amount of
tolerance towards risk and ambiguity whereas low uncertainty depicts high tolerance
towards risk as here employees are more open and easily accept the rules and regulations
(McShane and Glinow, 2017). In terms of Marriott, low uncertainty index is helpful for
their employees and organisation too in terms of surviving in critical situations. Femininity vs. Masculinity: This factor depicts the preference of society towards
achievement and attitude of sexual equality, behaviour and so on. For this, masculinity
defines the features of gender roles and temperatures on wealth building towards the
achievements of material whereas femininity depicts the features of quality of life, fluid
gender roles and so on. In relation with Marriott, both the dimensions are useful for
company according to the situations and levels. Short Term vs. Long Term Orientation: This dimension describe the viewpoint of
society as here long term orientation put emphasis on the future and always consider
delay in short term success in order to achieve long term growth (Vibert, 2017).
Meanwhile, short-term focuses on the nearby future which consider short term success
and also put emphasis on the quick results. In relation with Marriott, company can
consider both the orientation according to the demand of situation and desired objective. Restraint vs. Indulgence: This dimension consider the tendencies of society in order to
fulfil their desire like it revolves around the society and also control by them with their

impulse decisions. For this, indulgencedepicts that society allows free gratification which
is concerned with enjoyment of life and having meanwhile, restraint depicts that society
suppresses gratification of requirements and regulate it by social norms. In terms of
Marriott, indulgence is better for them as it is helpful for hotel examine the behaviour of
society and their potential customers.
Organisational power depicts the ability which impacts the behaviour of workforce with
their control. Power is useful in modifying and changing the behaviour of employees and also
impact the desired goals and objectives of company. For this few powers are obdurates as under: Reward Power: This power treaty the ability of an individual by offering them
appreciation it is classified under two categories monetary and non monetary rewards and
both of them are useful in boosting the moral of employees and their performance too
(Lindebaum and Geddes, 2016). If Marriott this power then it positively impact the
activities of their employees meanwhile it also negatively impacts because employees can
get demotivate why not getting any kind of reward.
 Coercive Power: This power alternate of reinforcement as here superiors stimulates their
work force to perform their project within the particular period of time and also
pressurise them which can this balance the work life of employees (Kong, 2016). Here,
higher authorities may misuse their powers which tends to evolve insecurity regarding the
job among employees. If Marriott of this power then it negatively influences the
presentation of workers and because of this employees might get demotivate.
By analysing the above discussed power, reward power is best for Marriott as many of the
times it helps in encouraging the workforce to work with full potential and develop efficiency
among them it is beneficial for both employees and company.
Organisational politics defines the activity which is useful interacting with employees as it
also include power and authority with it. In organisations politics is helpful and order to bring
change and execute it is because of this presentation of manpower does not get much affected. It
is also effective in terms of getting work done at a specific period of time appreciation from the
supervisors. In terms of Marriott, politics scene in there each and every department because it
help in completing the necessary task in order to run organisation in smooth manner. By
analysing the conditions of Marriott “the Rock politics” is considered by them as it helps in
stabling the foundation its sharp ends can wreck the policies. In regard of this, “high ground” is

recommended to company as it helps in describing the suitable structure, rules and guidelines of
hotel.
TASK 2
P2.
The term encouragement is helpful describing that how the leaders will motivate and
encourage their employees in order to work in effective and efficient manner as this factor
induces or drive employees to work in particular way. In relation with Marriott, they always
consider Their employees as more valuable asset for them as it helps in in retaining them for
longer period of time. Few motivational theories are discussed in two categories:
Content theory: This theory depicts the human needs and there uncertainty according to
time. For this, to inspire workers different explanation are obstinate which are advantageous for
employees it is motivation is an inner feeling and urge which stimulates employees to work in
efficient manner. This theory consider few basic factors such as cloth food shelter and so on
which can be considered by Marriott. It is also considered as need theory and to understand this
Herzbergs’ two factor motivation theory is discussed: Herzberg is considered as a behavioural theory which is useful in motivating the
presentation of workers and as a result it helps in satisfying the requirements of
employees and also remove dissatisfaction from them (Castille, Buckner and
Thoroughgood, 2018). It can also be reasoned by the manager of Marriott as this theory
has two sub components which are obdurate as underneath:
Hygiene factor: This factor is considered as the most negative factor in terms of motivation
but plays an essential role in motivating the performance of employees in an efficient manner
full stop as if this factor is not used by the managers then it will lead to evolve discontentment
among workers because it include compensation, benefits, pay, policies of company and so on.
Motivational factor: This component it is termed as the most positive factor because it tends
to develop satisfaction among the employees which leads to enhance their performance level
(Klotz and Neubaum, 2016). As this factor considered non monetary benefits and monetary
benefits like promotional opportunities, rewards, growth and many more.
Process theory: This theory is obtained only when the change is implemented or adopted by
company for the betterment of their employees full stop as it put emphasis on the behaviour in

psychology of their employees and also want to enhance their motivation level full stop in
relation with Marriott that managers can also consider it because it helps in attaining the desired
objective in effective manner. This theory also consider few theories with it which are discussed
as under:
 Equity theory: It put emphasis on describing the performance of employees as like they
are being treated equally on terms of age, gender and so on. This theory is also
considered as justice theory because my opting this discipline and equality is maintained
within the organisation. The managers of Marriott need to make certain that their workers
are activated by supervisors in fair manner because this factor leads to them towards the
prosperity and maturation of company. For this it is the basic duty of the manager of
Marriott to motivate and understand Their workers in order to earn their trust and Faith is
important for their performance.
TASK 3
P3.
A team is a group of individuals who work together to achieve common goals and
objectives and it is made up of minimum two or more persons with their aim of achieving
expected result and enhancing the interest of organisation (Lee and et. al., 2019). Team and
group both are considered as the different phenomena because team has different kinds of goals
and objectives meanwhile group has their own personal interest.
Effective team is primary base for the company as is it consider many small elements in
order to take decision which makes a team effective. A team is termed as an effective team only
when it fulfil and consider the purpose behind it and to develop an effective team clear
objectives, good communication among employees and openers among them is always
considered (Devece, Palacios-Marqués and Alguacil, 2016).
An ineffective team is just alternate of effective team as here group of single person and
employees does not co-ordinate with each other because the main purpose is to only fulfil their
own objective. Reason behind for processing an effective team is hindering the presentation of
company and objectives.
There are various types of team improvement explanation but in terms of Marriott
tuckman theory is considered in order to develop a team which is this theory put emphasis on the

task which can be tackled from the beginners till the completion of project. This theory has four
phases which are as follows: Forming: This stage is considered as the developing state as hear the leaders will
assemble and analyse the behaviours and skills of employees in order to form and
develop a team. While developing a team, the managers of company always need to
consider the terms and interest of the employees and their corporation level with each
other because some individuals are polite and some are anxious under various situations
(Tasselli, Kilduff and Landis, 2018). The team managers of Marriott plays an important
role as hair the members and employees are remain unclear regarding their role in the job
and what is expected from them. This team is manageable only when the proper
development theory is obtained by leaders to form a team. Storming: This stage is concerned with introducing the Employees with each other and
defining suitable objectives to them and because of this little bit conflicts get start
between them and as a result most of the teams gets failed in the step because of different
kind of opinions and working styles which develop issues among them (Secchi and
Neumann, 2016). For this the leaders of Marriott need to be very patient in medicine
patients and make their prominent efforts to resolve conflicts and also provide healthy
working environment to the Employees to achieve common objectives. Norming: This step is considered as the knowing step in which employees and
individuals came to know each other and also develop coordination among them in order
to communicate better and bring new opinions to perform their job in effective manner
(Carnevale, 2018). For this trust plays an important role in order to build an effective
team and here the leaders of Marriott can take a step back and leave everything on their
employees to observe their performance and how well they can perform their job in a
responsible manner. Performing: It is the last stage in which team started working with each other in
Cooperative manner in order to achieve desired objective and what is expected from
them. Here they have clarity regarding the purpose of building team and also support
each other activity to work in together (Borkowski, 2016). In relation of Marriott the role
of manager is to delegate proper amount of burg to subordinates and put emphasis on the
development of team in order to enhance their effectiveness.

Belbin theory: It is considered as the individual of personality test theory which describe
different skills of an employee. Here, the team and its member need to reach towards the
prominent decision it is beneficial for employee and defines the roles of subordinates as it is
discussed as under: Action oriented: Here, the role of manager is to enhance the performance of team and put
emphasis on the ideas in order to convert them into action which is useful in meeting the
deadlines on specific period of time (Vasu, Stewart and Garson, 2017). In relation with
Marriott the can use this role because it helps in inducing and developing innovative
ideas regarding the team and achieving better profit with define the actions. People oriented: This factor bring people and their ideas in collective manner which
define their role and also influences them to perform in organised manner full stop for
this team worker need support and proper resources in order to develop contacts from the
external side of organisation. In regard of Marriott they can bring coordination by
developing team Spirit within the structure and culture of company.
 Thought oriented: This role is useful in determining the different options which helps in
offering technical support to team (Kanfer and Chen, 2016). In terms of Marriott the role
is to induce the thoughts and opinions of their subordinates which can develop creativity
and innovation among them and their performance.
TASK 4
P4.
OB defines the investigating of human behavior which depends on assorted concepts and
put emphasis on the employed style of workers in order to analyse the action of subordinates of
Marriott path goal hypothesis is used which is helpful in defining the specific goals and
verifiable to encourage them. Moreover it also assist in offering proper counselling and career
path to workers in order to make them more bearing for company full stop to analyse
achievements of company four paths are discussed as: Directive: Here, managers will provide guidance to the subordinate and also clearly
define that what is expected from them and to achieve it what they need to do how to do
everything and also schedule their work (Gelfand and et. al., 2017). To manage teams in

effective manner the leaders of Marriott guide Their employees and clearly specify
regarding the expected result and goals. Supportive: By considering this path leaders make suitable objectives which can easily
achievable for their workforce and also guide them in friendly manner. In this path
leaders of company became more friendly and supportive for the employees is it helps in
motivating and boosting the moral of workforce (McShane and Glinow, 2017). The factor
is suitable in those conditions in which assigned work is quite complicate. This theory is
useful only when the managers are confident for their employees as they can perform
with their full potential in positive manner to achieve desired objectives. Participative: In this path, the leaders of company include Their employees in decision
making process which helps in enhancing in improving the performance level and also
useful in attaining the desired outcome. Because of this, the relationship among the
employees and managers will get healthy and managers will consider the suggestions of
subordinates because they think that employees are the important part of organisation
(Vibert, 2017). This path is helpful for those employees or only in those conditions in
which workforce is highly experienced and trained as because of high work pressure
disputes and delay in work can happen.
 Achievement: According to this phase, leaders of companies set high and complex
standards for employees because they think that there workforce is competent enough to
achieve suitable goals. Meanwhile it put negative impact on the performance and frame
of mind of employees because they think that they do lot of work without any proper
guidance (Lindebaum and Geddes, 2016). This path is best in those situation in which
employees are highly skilled and professional satisfaction and technical.
CONCLUSION
Therefore, it is analysed that to run an organisation in a smooth manner appropriate
behaviour of employees is required. For this the culture of organisation politics and power plays
a significant role which depicts the vision and beliefs of company. Power is helpful because it
assist in delegating the authority and responsibilities according to the knowledge and skills of
employees. In addition to this, various motivational theories are discussed which helps in
encouraging and inspiring the employees as it is important to boost their moral and performance.

it is also determined that effective team building is important as it helps in fostering the
performance of employees and also the presence of effective leader is important to attain desired
objectives.

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