Organizational Culture Analysis: A Marriott Case Study

This report provides a comprehensive analysis of Marriott's organizational behavior, focusing on its culture and its impact on employee motivation and overall organizational success. The report begins with an introduction to organizational behavior and the significance of studying it within the context of Marriott. It then identifies Marriott's culture using Hofstede's cultural dimensions theory, examining aspects like power distance, individualism, uncertainty avoidance, masculinity, and long-term orientation. The report explores how Marriott's culture enhances organizational effectiveness by emphasizing communication strategies and the application of communication theories. It further evaluates the role of culture in employee motivation, applying Maslow's theory to explain how Marriott meets employee needs. Finally, the report assesses how Marriott can leverage its organizational culture to further enhance its success, highlighting the importance of a positive culture in attracting and retaining employees, fostering effective communication, and promoting a collaborative environment. This analysis provides valuable insights into how Marriott manages its organizational culture to achieve its business objectives.

Organizational behaviour

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................3
Identify its culture in line with a theoretical model of your choice.............................................3
Explore how culture improves organisational effectiveness with a focus on communication....4
Evaluate the role of culture on employee motivation..................................................................5
Evaluate how the company could use the culture of the organisation to further enhance its
success.........................................................................................................................................6
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................7

INTRODUCTION
Organization behaviour is very challenging study about the employees and very
interesting too. This study is used to identify the human behaviour, work environment,
intelligence, in the group and individual. In every organization managers has known about that
how people behave within the groups and organization (Aithal and Kumar, 2016). Its helps the
managers to understand the needs and desires of the employees and if they give appraisal to
employees if they work hard and behave well in the organization and the appraisal are like more
incentives, promotion etc. In context of the current report there is discussion about the culture
which is followed by Marriott full stop there is use of various cultural theories in order to discuss
the current culture within the organisation. there is also a discussion about how organisation can
improve the organisation effectiveness by focusing on communication. There is also a discussion
about role of culture motivation within the organisation. in and there is discussion about how the
organisational culture will enhance organisational success.
TASK 1
Identify its culture in line with a theoretical model of your choice
Organizational culture of Marriott hotel
Marriott was founded by John Willard Marriott in 1927.Marriott International is an
American multinational organization that manages and franchises large selection. Marriott core
values run the business. They treat the customer, associates and society in a very good manner
that create a very good impact of the organization. Marriott gives a fair treatment to their
employees and provide training and development and opportunities to them. At Marriott, the
security of company culture is proven financial positive. The five main core values of the
company is putting people first, pursuing excellence, embracing change, acting with integrity
and serving world.
Hofstede's cultural dimensions theory
Hofstede's cultural dimensions theory is a structure for cross-cultural communication,
developed by Geert Hofstede. In this theory the four dimensions are define mainly. The four
dimensions explained about the organizational culture that how to behave in organization and,
what are the main functions of the organization that followed by the mangers because good

environment very beneficial for the company and very satisfied for the customer and employees.
So every organization followed this theory. So, according to this theory Marriott hotel also
followed the dimensions of this theory that is “power distance index” as all know that Marriott
support core values so and they treat their associates and customers very nicely so they always
taking care of the functions and rules means they believe in equality do they give authorities to
the employees according to their designation but they do not give total rights so the lower people
think that the power is distributed unequally (Ayoko and Ashkanasy, 2019). “Individualism vs.
collectivism” marriot is multinational organization and manage many franchises across the
nation so they always want to work with groups more than individual because they want to
coordinate with everyone so they believe in collectivism. Some of the things that always spoken
by them that is “I” versus the “WE” so the groups are always raced with loyalty and supports
each other in every condition and when any conflicts arise. “Uncertainty avoidance” ,a Marriott
is multinational company so they cant take any risk of uncertainty but if there is any chances of
uncertainty so there are some laws , rules, planning that will help the company. In this case high
degree people feel uncomfortable and avoid the situation but the lower degree employee accept
the case and think about the situations and find the solutions. “Masculinity vs. Femininity”
every country has their own rules and culture that support femininity and masculinity just like
Japan considered masculinity and Thailand considered femininity. So In UK Marriott support
more masculinity because every nation have their own culture in UK the first set of goals
generally described as masculinity later described as femininity. “Long vs. Short Term
Orientation” this dimension was added after original fourth dimensions. This dimension is
defined by Michael Bond. So, long term orientation means that business results may take time to
achieve their goals just like Marriott is multinational company so it took so much time to achieve
that goals. The associates have to maintain long term relationship with company with patience
and potential. Short term orientation is some small goals that employees have to reach within
time frame. But if a poor country that is short term oriented because they have less investment
and less economic development while long term oriented nations continues with developing
because they have good economy conditions.
It can be evaluated from the above mentioned information that cultural theory can be
implemented in context of Marriott hotel where organisation can easily improve its function as

well as achieve appropriate results in a desired time by maintaining functions according to the
needs and requirements.
Explore how culture improves organisational effectiveness with a focus on communication
Communication
Communication is sending and receiving the ideas, information, concepts, and behaviour.
Communication is Latin word which means is “share”. General term of the communication is
sending the information from one place to another and this information can send by any way.
There are so many ways to transfer the information (Barry and Wilkinson, 2016). There are
mainly three elements that are required for the communication that is sender, medium (platform),
and receiver. Now on the other side there is one more way in technical language that thought,
encoding, decoding. Communication can be one way or two ways, verbal or nonverbal, formal or
informal. Communication is introduced for connecting with people, places and it can be used to
share different kind of the thoughts and information.
Organisational communication in Marriott hotel
Organisational communication is defined as a channels and forms of the communication
in the company. In the organization there are so many type of the communication that is formal,
downward, upward, internal, external, informal, lateral etc. organizational communication is
build the trust of the employees. They think that they have voice and they can share their opinion
and problems in the company. Organizational behaviour helps the company to grow and create
good relationship between the associates which create loyalty between them (Buchanan and
Huczynski, 2019).
Three main theories that are applicable for Marriott Hotels: scientific management,
human relations, and system theories. Scientific management is defined by Frederick Taylor and
motivated by economic incentives and with vertical communication flow top to down. Chester I.
Barnard and Elton Mayo introduce the human relations theory and this theory follows the
horizontal communication. In order to improve the communication within the organisation will
achieve the objectives organisation can use appropriate systems which will help in improving the
functions as well as achieve its business objective in an appropriate manner. There is also a
discussion about the use of communication tools which help them in performing the function in
an appropriate manner.

Evaluate the role of culture on employee motivation
Employee Motivation
Employee Motivation can be defined as an encouragement provided by the the company
to its employees in order to complete the goals and aspirations of the organisation. Employee
motivation can be internal as well as external. Internal motivation arises when an employee to
perform better for his/ her inner fulfilment. External motivation arises when an employee
enhances his/her motivation in order to achieve rewards and other benefits from the company.
Organisational culture can directly effect the motivation of employees. For example – A positive
and peaceful culture will always create a healthy environment in the company which in turn will
motivate the employees to deliver their best.
Application of Maslow theory of motivation on Marriott Group
Maslow theory can be defined as a theory of motivation involving five major needs i.e.
Physiological, Safety, Social, Self esteem and Self Actualisation and impact of their fulfilment
on the motivation of the employees.
Physiological Needs:- Physiological needs of employees can be termed as the basic
needs and wants that needs to be satisfied in order to carry out day to day functioning of the
company . In case of Marriott, good salary and pay as well as a good working environment can
motivate the employees to achieve the goals of the organisation effectively and efficiently (King
and Lawley, 2016).
Safety Needs:- These needs involve providing general security to the employees working
in the company. In Marriott, fulfilment of job security can help in employee motivation.
Social needs:- In order to motivate the employee, it is very important for the company to
cater to their social needs. Marriott encourages cordial relationships among the employees
working in the organisation and also promotes team work within the organisation.
Self Esteem:- Marriott believes in boosting the confidence of the employees by indulging
them in various activities. In order to increase the employee motivation it very important to
enhance the self-esteem and provide the opportunity for growth and development of the
employees.
Self – Actualisation:- Self – Actualisation is termed as what an individual thinks about
him/her. It is basically an introspection of an individual regarding his/her own self. Marriott

provides the scope of improvement to the employees for self-assessment and evaluation and
judge their own performances by providing them relevant feedbacks,.
By the application of the theory to the Marriott Group we can conclude that motivation
plays a vital and prominent in enhancing the growth, development as well as the performance of
the employees as it gives them the encouragement and confidence to excel in their respective
jobs. Marriott is working to satisfy these needs in order to motivate the employees to generate
higher revenues and profits (Martin, 2017).
Motivation is an important process within the organisation as it helps in maintaining
appropriate communication as well as using the tools and techniques in an appropriate way. It is
identified that motivation is helpful in boosting the motivational process as well as improving the
communication strategies so that organisation can achieve its objective by managing the
communication between different individuals in an appropriate manner.
Evaluate how the company could use the culture of the organisation to further enhance its
success
The culture of an organisation is one of the important components for the growth and
development of the organisation in the long run. Nowadays, culture is one of the major reasons
that candidates consider while applying for position in a company.
The culture of a company also helps in retaining the employees. An organisation that has
great values and beliefs will always provide a better culture to its employees and it will help the
company to retain them for a longer time period which in turn will contribute in success of the
company (Wilson, 2018).
A positive culture helps the organisation in effective utilisation of human resources and
also helps in attracting good staff in the company. An open culture also provides a platform to
employees to voice their opinions, feedback and suggestions (Singh and Srivastava, 2016).
It can be said that culture has a direct influence on the success of an organisation as it
helps to provide motivation and encouragement to the employees to utilise their best potential in
order to achieve the goals of the company effectively and efficiently.
A reliable culture also helps in maintaining coordination and cooperation among the
employees of the company which ultimately builds the rapport of the employees and also helps
in creating mutual trust among the employees.

A good organisational culture also helps in promoting effective communication in the
company and also helps in eliminating the barriers of communication which in turn makes
communication smoother and reliable. A good and effective communication system in the
company reduces the chances of fights, differences and conflicts within the organisation and also
helps in creating peaceful and collaborative space for employees working in an organisation
(Wilson, 2017).
Overall, it can conclude that organisational culture plays a prominent role and is also
considered one of the driving forces in the success of the organisation. Culture is dominantly
dependent on the environment generated in the organisation. Companies comprising good and
relevant culture will likely to grow and develop in the near future in comparison to those with
ineffective and irrelevant cultures.
CONCLUSION
In the end, it can be concluded that there are many elements that constitute the
organisational behaviour of Marriott group of Hotels. These elements also contribute to the
success of the company as they have ability to affect the company in a good and positive way.
As mentioned earlier employees motivation and encouragement is one of the factors that has led
to the success of Marriott Group. Marriott has always given importance to its employee’s growth
and development and has provide various opportunities to them to enhance their skills and
knowledge. Enhancement in their skills and knowledge has further helped the organisation to
carry out complex operations very smoothly. Culture has also played a very essential role in the
growth of the company as it has built such values, beliefs and vision in the company which are
accepted and appreciated widely. Marriott is one of the most celebrated names in the hotel
industry today due to consist drive for innovation, development and excellence.

REFERENCES
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