Social Responsibility of Business: Analysis of Key Concepts and Cases

This report delves into the multifaceted concept of social responsibility in business, analyzing the ethical behaviors, sensitivity, and accountability that organizations, particularly small and medium-sized enterprises like Marshfield Bakery, should embrace. The report explores the dilemmas businesses face when balancing profit maximization with societal and environmental welfare, as well as presents ideas for enhancing corporate social responsibility (CSR). Part 1 focuses on the core principles of social responsibility, highlighting the importance of ethical conduct and stakeholder considerations. Part 2 examines the phenomenon of whistleblowing, its underlying theories, and provides real-world examples for critical evaluation. Finally, Part 3 offers a reflective piece on the overall themes discussed. The report emphasizes the significance of CSR in fostering sustainable growth, improving brand reputation, and attracting customers, employees, and investors. It also discusses the challenges and counter-arguments associated with implementing CSR initiatives, ultimately advocating for a balanced approach that benefits both the business and society. The report also includes an analysis of the views of Sumantra Ghoshal on the failure of the education system in curbing corporate fraud.

Social Responsibility of
Business 2

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
PART 1 (ESSAY)............................................................................................................................1
Social Responsibility.......................................................................................................................1
Dilemmas faced by business organisations in confronting their corporate responsibilities...1
Ideas in the area of Business Social Responsibility...............................................................3
PART 2 (ESSAY)............................................................................................................................5
Phenomenon of whistleblowing.......................................................................................................5
Theory of whistleblowing.......................................................................................................5
Examples to critically evaluate the phenomenon of whistleblowing.....................................6
PART 3 (REFLECTIVE PIECE)....................................................................................................7
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................8
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................9

INTRODUCTION
Social Responsibility of Business is mainly associated with the ethically behaviour of
business organisation which consists of sensitivity and high reasonability towards the people,
society, cultural aspects, economics along with the meeting environmental and other issues in
general (Voronkova and et. al., 2020). In current scenarios not only the big companies are
working towards social responsibility but the small and medium sized companies are also
making efforts to fulfil and meet there social reasonability of business. The current assignment is
based on Marshfield Bakery which is a small sized company operating as a family founded
bakery that is distributing handmade goods comprises of rusks and biscuits along with preserved
pastry goods and cakes throughout the UK and Europe (The best small companies with a
turnover of up to £10m in the UK. 2018). This easy comprises of a description about dilemmas
faced by business organisations in confronting their corporate responsibilities along with argue
ideas in the area of Business Social Responsibility.
PART 1 (ESSAY)
Social Responsibility
As per the view point of Poiedynok, V., 2019, Social responsibility is a vital concept
associated with that kind of business which aim maximizing value for their shareholders along
with leading all possible benefits their the society and overall environment. Thus, it can be
evaluated that Social responsibility basically means that all individuals and the companies have a
social implication and duty to act in the best interests and towards welfare of their environment
along with the society as a whole. In today’s, world with increasing awareness in customers and
investors regarding the concept of social responsibility it has been increasingly important and
must for all business organisations to focus and emphasis more on their key social responsibility
which comprises of sensitivity and positive attitudes towards environment and whole society
(Popescu, 2018).
Dilemmas faced by business organisations in confronting their corporate responsibilities
Today’s organisation are not only profit cantered but also looking for better ways and
ideas to contribute in the welfare of society and overall environment in which they are working.
But beside this, according to the view point of David Sarokin, 2018, a dilemma and challenges
are also faced by business orgnisation while fulfilling their social reasonability as critics and
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some stakeholders argues that nature of business should only be profit oriented and it does not
canister whole society and environment as stakeholders thus, the main purpose of a business
should remain to work for the key stakeholders not for the welfare or befits of society or
environment. Thus, an argument is also made by individauls in favour of stakeholders only
irrespective of welfare society. But in today’s world where larger section of customers and
investors are in favour of Social responsibility to become vital and important for an orgnisation
to meet their CSR and other forms of responsibility towards society and nature. The crux or
summarisation of social responsibility concept consists of dilemma that where an orgnisation
should be focused towards its profit or work for both profit and welfare of society (Harrison and
et. al., 2019). Thus, an evaluation of this dilemma faced by business organisations in confronting
their corporate responsibilities can be made as coming up with the theories that enact polices and
aim at promoting a ethical balance in business activities that should set a proper coordination
between dual mandates for a business which comprises of profitability for surviving and befitting
society and environment as a whole.
Further, it has been also observed that the concept of social responsibility is now not only
limited to larger companies and firms but it is now also adopted and implemented by many small
companies (Dawson, 2018). It has been observed that in first instance social responsibility is
looking somehow different from profit maximization aim of business organisation that is cresting
dilemma for these firms before confronting their social responsibility but in wider sense and long
term fulfilment of social responsibility leads and brings to better profitability and enhanced
customers base through creating a good image and reputation for a business organisation.
The Marshfield Bakery Ltd is also among such small business orgnisation that are
making efforts to meet and full fill their social responsibility through making and distributing
handmade goods and food items to its customers and is a highly successful and sustainable
transaction in its process of making homemade products more famous in customers
(MARSHFIELD BAKERY LIMITED, 2020). The Marshfield Bakery ltd is basically a family
founded bakery situated at Gloucestershire, England which is having specialisation in making
home prepared rusks and biscuits along with preserved pastry goods and cakes and sales them
across various parts of UK and Europe. A dilemma is also faced by Marshfield Bakery ltd while
confronting their corporate responsibilities that whether they should remain focused on
maximization of profits or should made efforts for meting their social responsibility (Trujillo-
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Liñán and Meneses-Calzada, 2020). But the strategically recruited, well supported, very
innovative, highly creative and inclusively managed team of Marshfield Bakery ltd always put
emphasis of fulfilment of their corporate social responsibility along with leading maximization
of profits. The main reasons behind setting a balance between social responsibility and profit
maximization goal by Marshfield Bakery ltd is based on the fact that many befits and
advantages are lead by fulfilment of social responsibility which ensures and leads to a more
sustainable and effective growth and success of organisation.
The main benefits and advantages encountered by Marshfield Bakery ltd through meeting
and fulfilment of their corporate social responsibility consist of positive business reputation and
enhanced brand recognition which increased sales and customer loyalty. Beside this, as per the
view point of Ellie Collier, 2018, many benefits and importance are lead by corporate social
responsibility for success of a business which improved public image through meeting demands
and issues of whole society. Further, increased level of brand awareness and recognition by the
way of ethical prcatises and enhanced loyalty and commitment level is also lead by meeting and
fulfilment of social responsibility. Beside this easier asses to capital and enhanced number of
investors are also a positive impact and benefit of social responsibility and to lead to better brand
image in eyes of investors which improves financial performance of an organisation (Popescu,
2017). Beside this, fulfilment of social responsibility by Marshfield Bakery ltd also ensures
attraction and retention of more talent employees through offering a better and more positive
workplace environment. Thus, it can be evaluated that overall fulfilment of social responsibility
is not only associated with welfare of society and environment but also leads to higher profits
and enhanced business success through creating a good image and better brand reputation to
attract and cater larger number of customers.
Ideas in the area of Business Social Responsibility
It has been evaluated that apart from the dilemma faced by business organisations in
confronting their corporate responsibilities but still the concept of business social responsibility
is vital and essentially needed for an orgnisation to have sustainable growth and enhanced
success. Therefore, better and more effective ideas are implemented by business organisation to
meet and fulfil their social responsibility. Marshfield Bakery ltd is small sized organisation that
is also making all possible efforts to meet and fulfil its social responsibility. The main aspect of
social responsibility is associated with welfare of society and conservation of environment. Thus,
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the main ideas of Marshfield Bakery ltd in the area of Business Social Responsibility use of
more material that are easily recyclable for packing of homemade products and also ensures
Better product durability and functionality (Poiedynok, 2019). Use of renewable form of packing
material is made by Marshfield Bakery ltd to ensure check on pollution and plastic use to safe
and conserve environment. Further, a check is also lead by Marshfield Bakery ltd to reduce the
amount of carbon emission and other harmful gases in the environment through making use of
renewable resources and sources of energy for preparation of food products and other homemade
items.
The another aspect of social responsibility comprises of society as a whole thus, efforts are
also made by Marshfield Bakery ltd to serve society and works for welfare of people which
comprises of its customers, employees and all other individual of a society (Aluchna, 2018). The
ideas in the area of Business Social Responsibility for welfare of society consist of Charitable
contributions for welfare of society along with conducing Employee volunteer programs. Beside
this, corporate involvement in community education, employment and homelessness programs
along with producing Product safety and quality to customers are viable ideas in the area of
fulfilment of Business Social Responsibility.
Apart from this, many counter-argue are also faced by these business ideas which consist
of the fact that Charitable contributions or other voluntary programmes could be costly for an
orgnisation that increase its operation cost and reduce profit for stakeholders thus, some counter
arguments are also faced by the ideas in the area of fulfilment of Business Social Responsibility
(Popescu, 2017). Beside this, providing regularly training for sustain development of skills of
employees is also a viable idea in the area of fulfilment of Business Social Responsibility which
enhance better quality product and best prcatises for welfare and betterment of society.
Thus, it can be evaluated that many ideas are there like use of renewable sources of
energy and contributing towards education and other aspects of society along with providing a
better quality and safe products to customers for fulfilment of Business Social Responsibility but
many counter argument related with the enhanced operating cost is also faced. But a crux and
summarisation can be made that the ideas which are made for fulfilment of social responsibility
would lead to improvement in brand image and reputation of organisation which leads better
customers base and profitability for an orgnisation along with leading a better society and
environment (Advantage, 2020).
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The statement given by the Sumantra Ghoshal in the article is mainly focused on the way
in which bad management theories are destroying and leading negative impact on good
management prcatises which reflects that somehow the education system has actually failed in
curbing and reducing corporate frauds as they lack practises about moral and ethical
consideration in there theories. An evaluation was made in this article that the current conduction
of business and management is somehow very significant which leads to a negative influence on
practises of management which gives rise to larger number of frauds and scams. Furthers, these
bad management influence are less seen at level of adoption but get enhanced with their
incorporation in the world view of managers which set asides ideas of morale and social
responsibility as assumptions that have come to dominate business environment. Beside this, the
main suggestion and evaluation of the article is based in thee propagating ideology of
educational institution which are mainly inspired by amoral theories and leading business
schools and freed their students from any sense and practises of moral responsibility. Thus, a
clear evaluation can be made that the article provided by the Sumantra Ghoshal is based on the
failure of education system in curbing corporate frauds which is supported and agreed with the
facts and piece of evidence provided which are reflecting that the current education system are
inspired by amoral theories and leading students away and freed from morale responsibility.
Further, it has been also evaluated that the educational theories need to be based on partialization
of analysis, the exclusion of any role for human intentionality or choice, and the use of sharp
assumptions and deductive reasoning (Aluchna, 2018). As the morality and ethics are
inseparable from the human intentionality thus, business studies and education must be based on
moral and ethical considerations along with their application in management theorises to ensure
effective management practises and more ethical way of operation to keep a check and control
on frauds and scams.
PART 2 (ESSAY)
Phenomenon of whistleblowing
The phenomenon or concept of whistleblowing is mainly associated with the person who
exposes or leaks secrete information or activity going in within the a private or public
organisation which is mainly taken as an ethical and illegal act. Apart from this, whistleblowing
is also taken as a controversial and unethical activity as the morale duty and implication of
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employees and all other associated parties to keep a balance with company’s loyalty along with
keeping in the mind the potential advantages for solving a problem through brining any
information and shoving the company in spot light (Zhao, Zhang and Kwon, 2018). The concept
of whistleblowing on grounds of ethics comprises of moral of values, loyalty and fairness which
are on stake and into conflict under the process of Whistleblowing. For example sometimes
doing something that is fair or just from ones perceptive might be often conflicts with showing
loyalty and commitment towards the organisation. Thus, it can be evaluated that the concept and
phenomenon of whistleblowing complex and difficult to categorises as good or bad as it just
depends in the circumstances and ones perception. But from ethical view point whistleblowing is
unethical and reflects lack of loyalty and commitment towards organisation. Following theories
about the process of whistleblowing and exemplas are facilitating better critical evaluation the
phenomenon of whistleblowing (Clevenger and MacGregor, 2019).
Theory of whistleblowing
As per the view point of Emanuela Ceva and Michele Bocchiola, 2019, Whistleblowing
mainly represent the practices through which the members or employees of a legitimate company
or organisation voluntary reports or reveal some wrongdoing or any other key information
allegedly occurring or going on in that organisation with the view and main purpose of initiating
corrective action to address that wrongdoing or miss happening. There are six main elements that
forms part of theory of Whistleblowing which are evaluated below:
The action – Whistleblowing mainly reflects a specific type or kind or action which
consists of a report or form of public accusation or confidential disclosure through help of some
dedicated channels.
The object- The second element of whistleblowing compress of object which reflects and
reports the wrongdoing which is allegedly occurred or going on within an organisation. It must
comprises of misuses of power or unlawful or illicit activities going in with an organisation
(Acquay, 2017).
The agent- These are the persons who raises the alert and reveals and information about
the wrongdoing. The agents may comprises of permanent or temporary employees of the
organisation and other functional people representing as a conscientious citizens who is reporting
crimes and misdemeanours.
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The locus- It follows or represent the organisation where the reported wrongdoing has
been allegedly occurred or happened that is reported by the agent.
The addressee- It basically represents the interlocutors which could be internal or
external. Addressee is taken as internal when it directly informs superior, higher level
management or other dedicated office within the orgnisation where as external addressee
comprises of police, media or any other third party outside the organisation (Moratis and
Cochius, 2017).
The aim- Whistleblowing is commonly a purposeful action, thus, this element reflects or
highlight the main aim of initiating and communicating corrective action for wrongdoing of an
origination. The aim of whistleblowing can be subjective or selfish as per the perspective and
intention of the agent of whistleblowing (Koltsova Anna, 2018).
De George’s Theory of Whistleblowing
In 1986 Richard De George published the easy based on Whistle Blowing specifies three
positions regarding whistleblowing which consist of whistleblowing as morally prohibited as it
is ethical, as morally permitted as it is vital to show the wrong and ethical doings of a form , and
finally as morally required. Under this theory of Whistle Blowing the individuals are classified
by refuting the position that whistleblowing should be morally prohibited, but also notes the
cultural resistance to whistleblowing. Further, De George’s Theory of Whistleblowing laeds a
string tradition within American which seemed more against ratting and telling crucial
information to others and also specifies that De George’s Theory of Whistleblowing is not taken
when it comes to giving norms of loyalty but in some cases considered whistleblowing morally
permitted (Advantage, 2020). Apart from this, and comparison and discussion regard the internal
v. external whistleblowing is standard vernacular as per the De George’s Theory of
Whistleblowing. Further, a discussion and evaluation of De George’s Theory of Whistleblowing
laeds to a from a standpoint towards the internal whistleblower while external whistleblowing is
continuing a process which perhaps because internal efforts to try and get wrong things and
doing corrected have failed rather than doing something radically different to support moral and
ethical considerations.
A Universal Dignity Theory of Whistleblowing
The A Universal Dignity Theory of Whistleblowing has lead two main propose
conditions for leading and ensuring ethical whistleblowing which comprises of Compelling
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evidence which are considered nontrivial illegal or unethical actions and things tend to done by
the organization, its employees or any other associated party that are deemed to violate and
freed up the dignity of one or more of its stakeholders and workers. The other propose condition
to have and ensures an ethical whistleblowing as per the Universal Dignity Theory of
Whistleblowing comprises of lack of knowledge within the organization about the wrong things
and doing or failure and lack of resources are seemed by organization to take corrective and
ethical measures on time (Acquay, 2017). Thus, with respect to Universal Dignity Theory of
Whistleblowing an analysis can be made that if any employee has any kind if sufficient evidence
which is compelling evidence for proving organizational misconduct, it is their morale and
ethical duty to blow the whistle unless there are any reason to believe that the self and own
dignity of the employees or other whistleblower should not be seriously harmed by doing so.
Examples to critically evaluate the phenomenon of whistleblowing
Whistleblowing concept is mainly associated with disclosure or leak of some crucial
sensitive information of a company by its employees or any other functionally associated person.
The some of the examples providing evaluation of phenomenon of whistleblowing as most
common cases of employees reporting are provided below:
Corruption- This example of phenomenon of whistleblowing includes of cases where a
reporting of a broad range of illegal conduct and activities is made by the agent. The most
common examples of corruption consists of Bribery along with the cases of fraud,
embezzlement, and kickbacks lead within an organisation (Poiedynok, 2019).
Racial discrimination- This type of whistleblowing reporting consists of information
regarding any kind of discrimination that is present at the workplace of an organisation and
comprises of color, descent, national or ethnic origin, or immigrant status as common base for
biasness and discrimination.
Hazardous working conditions- This type of whistleblowing comprises of unethical and
poor working conditions that are hazardous and risky for employees (Popescu, 2017).
Thus, an evaluation can be made that whistleblowing comprises of leading information
about any wrongdoing and unethical Woking going on within an organisation.
A socially responsible organization ought to regard whistleblowers through ensuring better
employee engagement and providing a platform for all employees to discuss and share their
issues so that better solution can be taken out (Trujillo-Liñán and Meneses-Calzada, 2020).
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Further, providing a healthy working environment and positive workplace also plays a vital role
in building loyalty and enhanced commitment level in employees to keep a check on incidence
of whistleblowing.
PART 3 (REFLECTIVE PIECE)
The assignment based on the easy writing on the topic of Social Responsibility of Business
and whistleblowing theories and examples is very helpful and informative for me as it provided
various crucial information regarding these two vital concept. As per the information provided
by Popescu, D. I., 2018, I had found that corporate social responsibility forms a part of an ethical
business which ensures a sensitive perceptive and attitude of business towards the whole society
and environment at a large. Beside this, I had also evaluated that a dilemma is faced by the
business organisations in confronting their corporate responsibilities which is mainly based in the
controversial theory of profit maximization and fulfilment of social responsibility (Harrison and
et. al., 2019). It has been observed by me that many authors and stakeholders were having a view
point that the main focus and emphasis of a business orgnisation must be towards maximization
of profit and meeting the needs and expectations of its stakeholders and the society is not form a
part of stakeholders of business. But in today’s world both investors and customers are having a
better awareness about the concept of social responsibility and they exert significant level of
pressures on business organisation to operate in an ethical and socially responsible way
(Dawson, 2018).
Thus, an evaluation was made by me that instead of the dilemma faced by business
organisations in confronting their corporate responsibilities, it becomes an important and vital
pat of an organisation. According to the information provided by Aluchna, M., 2018, it has been
learnt by me that fulfilment of social responsibility also leads may advantages and benefits for a
business organisation that comprises of better brand image and enhanced awareness about brand
reputation which attract and cater larger number of customers for an organisation. Thus, it can be
evaluated that fulfilment of social responsibility not only leads to welfare of society but also
ensures sustainable growth and better success of a business orgnisation (Popescu, 2018). Further,
it has been also observed by me that many ideas like use of renewable sources of energy and
keeping a check of carbon emission to protect and conserve environment are viable ideas in the
area of Business Social Responsibility.
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Apart from this, a better understanding about the phenomenon of whistleblowing is also
obtained by me and I had learnt that the concept and phenomenon of whistleblowing is manly
associated with the purposeful exposes or leaks of some secrete information or activity that is
going in within the an organisation. This act of whistleblowing is mainly taken as an ethical and
illegal act as it includes breach of trusts and loyalty from the orgnisation. Further, a better
understanding about the six main elements of theory of whistleblowing is also evaluated by me
that comprises of The action, The object, The agent, The locus, The addressee and The aim of
whistleblowing (Voronkova and et. al., 2020). Finally, a better understanding about the concept
of whistleblowing through evaluation of its examples which consists of reporting of corruption,
racial discrimination and unhealthy working environment. Apart from this, it has been also
observed that building better employees engagement and ensuring effective communication are
viable ways for socially responsible organizations to keep control and check on whistleblowers.
During this project which needs to get completed in 12 weeks many activities and
important task are lead out by me which get started from forming a team and setting objectives
and targets that I need to achieve. For that purpose many topic based on social responsibility and
ethical consideration in education system and management practises are studied by me which
enhanced my knowledge and understanding in an effective manner. Besides this, a deep
evaluation and analysis on the concept and phenomenon of whistleblowing was also made by me
during these 12 weeks. The topic of business responsibility and ethical considerations was really
enjoyed by me as it provided better understanding about the ways and practises that lead to
fulfilment of social and ethical responsibility to ensure and lead a better business environment
that is free from all kinds of fraud and scam. Further, analysis and evaluation of phenomenon and
theories of whistleblowing was quite challenging for me as it is a new topic and concept for me.
But the better understanding and knowledge gained through this project ensures and leads to
better future as it support better understanding about more and ethical responsibility in me. My
future career and development is supported by current project as it made me more aware about
good management practises and ethical consideration to ensures effective and better prcatises by
me to set a check and control on possible frauds and scams by me in future. Further, study about
the phenomenon of whistleblowing is also crucial and important for me for better future as it
would support ethical and morale practises by me and also helps me to decide which practises
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and doing of organisation and good and which are unethical to ensures and have good
management practises in my career.
CONCLUSION
It can be concluded from above stated assignment that social responsibility is mainly
associated with setting a balance between the expectations and profits maximization aim of a
business along with the welfare and betterment of society and environment. Further, it has been
also found that a dilemma is faced by business organisations in confronting their corporate
responsibilities but it has become a vital part of every orgnisation to ensures an effective and
sustainable growth through improving brand reputation and attracting larger number of
customers. Further, it has been observed that check of carbon emission and use of renewable
energy are viable ideas for fulfilling corporate social responsibility. At last, a conclusion can be
made the phenomenon of whistleblowing is associated with leak of some secrete or sensitive
information of a company.
REFERENCES
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Strategies (Doctoral dissertation, Northcentral University).
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Responsibility (CSR). In Business and Corporation Engagement with Higher Education.
Emerald Publishing Limited.
Dawson, D., 2018. Organisational virtue, moral attentiveness, and the perceived role of ethics
and social responsibility in business: The case of UK HR practitioners. Journal of
Business Ethics. 148(4). pp.765-781.
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Harrison, D. E. and et. al., 2019. Corporate social responsibility and business ethics:
conceptualization, scale development and validation. Journal of Product & Brand
Management.
Koltsova Anna, A., 2018. Social Responsibility Of Business: Approaches And Preconditions.
Annals of marketing-mba, 1.
Moratis, L. and Cochius, T., 2017. ISO 26000: The business guide to the new standard on social
responsibility. Routledge.
Poiedynok, V., 2019. Corporate Social Responsibility and Business and Human Rights:
Correlation of Concepts. Law Ukr.: Legal J., p.132.
Popescu, D. I., 2017. Social Responsibility and Business Ethics II. Corporate Social
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Responsibility. Quality-Access to Success. 18(161).
Popescu, D. I., 2018. Social responsibility and business ethics: VII. Circular economy and the
role of corporate social marketing. Calitatea, 19(163), pp.118-121.
Trujillo-Liñán, L. and Meneses-Calzada, R., 2020. Leadership and Social Responsibility in
Business. In Strategy, Power and CSR: Practices and Challenges in Organizational
Management. Emerald Publishing Limited.
Voronkova, O.Y.and et. al., 2020. Corporate social responsibility of business as a factor of
regional development. Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Issues. 7(3). pp.2170-2180.
Zhao, H., Zhang, F. and Kwon, J., 2018. Corporate social responsibility research in international
business journals: An author co-citation analysis. International Business Review. 27(2).
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Emanuela Ceva and Michele Bocchiola, 2019. Theories of whistleblowing. [Online] Available
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https://www.dnb.com/business-directory/company-
profiles.marshfield_bakery_limited.454432f1842bea751b28bd231e08b146.html>.
The best small companies with a turnover of up to £10m in the UK. 2018. [Online] Available
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