NED University Materials Engineering: Coating Characterization Report

This report presents a comprehensive analysis of coating characterization through Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) and electroplating, focusing on enhancing surface properties like wear and corrosion resistance. The project involved using cold sputter coating for PVD and hard chrome plating for electroplating on stainless steel substrates. The report details the project background, objectives, and the student's role, including research and experimental work. The study employed various characterization techniques, such as X-ray fluorescence (XRF) for composition analysis, hardness tests, and scratch tests to evaluate coating properties. The student faced challenges like solution oxidation and uneven plating, which were addressed through improved methods. The project also includes collaborative efforts with a supervisor and a visit to an industrial facility to understand real-world electroplating processes. The report concludes with a project review, highlighting the student's contributions and insights gained from the research, emphasizing the importance of surface engineering in industrial applications.

COMPETENCY
DEMONSTRATION REPORT
Career Episode 2
SYED MUHAMMAD ZIAD ALAM

CE 2.1 Project Information
Name of the project: Characterization of Coating through PVD and Electroplating
Location of the project: [PLEASE FILL]
Project Duration: [PLEASE FILL]
Organization: [PLEASE FILL]
Role and Designation during the time: [PLEASE FILL]
CE 2.2 Project Background
CE 2.2.1 Characteristics of the project
The coating methods used to give surface assurance against wear or deviation and
consumption in an administration domain. PVD and Electroplating coatings give much
advantages as opposed to the uncoated ones, and furthermore influences the creation to process
cost full of feeling by diminishing the material cost and expands the life of the part or question.
We managed icy sputter coater in PVD and hard chrome plating in electroplating to acquire the
required coating.
We utilized frosty sputter to accomplish 24 caret gold coating on stainless steel substrate.
In this coating we chose gold as target material because of the accessibility and to make the
investigation and examination less demanding. We likewise utilized hard chrome electroplating
to accomplish hard chrome coating on stainless steel substrate. We chose hard chrome as coating

material since it is the most generally utilized coating on modern scale to give high wear and
erosion resistance. Portrayal of coating is the most vital stride in the wake of playing out a
coating since when a coating is improved the situation surface security it is important to know
how it will perform in benefit condition and that is the capacity of its vital parameters like
thickness, hardness, synthesis, attachment, consumption resistance and to discover theories
particulars we have to describe the coating by utilizing distinctive compelling methods including
XRF strategy for organization of coating, hardness test for space resistance of coating, calo test
for thickness of coating, scratch test for grip of coating.
CE 2.2.2 Objectives developed for the project
The objective which had been put forward during the process of research for the project
was:
 To characterise the coating that has been obtained from PVD (Physical Vapour
Deposition) and ELECTROPTAING (Hard Chrome).
 To present a progression of surfaces to collaborate with different parts or with process
media.
 To help these surfaces with satisfactory quality to withstand benefit stresses.
 To supply chose surfaces with imperviousness to wear as well as erosion.
CE 2.2.3 My area of work
I had made extensive research on the project topic to find the best possible ways in which
the research can be completed. I had completed the whole research on my own to have a better

understanding of the different methods of electroplating with the help of which I will be able to
determine the best procedure to implement the electroplating procedures.
CE 2.2.4 Project Group
Figure 1: The hierarchy of the project
CE 2.2.5 My responsibilities throughout the project
I had made broad research on the task subject to locate the most ideal courses in which
the exploration can be finished. I had finished the entire research without anyone else to have a
superior comprehension of the distinctive techniques for electroplating with the assistance of
which I will have the capacity to decide the best methodology to actualize the electroplating
systems.
CE 2.3 Distinctive Activity
CE 2.3.1 Comprehending the theory of the project
The dynamic disintegration of metallic surfaces being used, in view of wear or erosion, at
last prompts loss of plant working proficiency and at the very least a breakdown. The cost to
industry of wear and erosion in gear is high, and acknowledgment of this reality lies behind the
proceeding with advancement of the innovation known as surface designing, which incorporates
the utilization of coatings to metal surfaces to enhance their execution in particular working
conditions. This is a subject of incredible significance to industry, which depends on long,

inconvenience free operation of plant to acquire uniform item quality and most minimal
conceivable item cost. This report, delivered under the protection of the Surface Engineering
Society, unites an abundance of coating materials and procedures of utilization at present
accessible, together with cases of how the innovation is being utilized effectively in industry.
CE 2.3.2 Engineering knowledge and skills applied in the project
CE 2.3.3 Accomplishment and task performed
Physical Vapour Deposition (PVD) forms are atomistic statement forms in which
material is vaporized from a strong or fluid source as iotas or particles, transported as a vapour
through a vacuum or low weight vaporous (or plasma) condition to the substrate where it gathers.
Normally, PVD forms are utilized to store films with thicknesses in the scope of a couple of
nanometres to a huge number of nanometres; be that as it may they can likewise be utilized to
frame multilayer coatings, evaluated piece stores, thick stores and unsupported structures. The
substrates can extend in estimate from little to expansive, for example, the 10' x 12' glass boards
utilized for structural glass. The substrates can extend fit as a fiddle from level to complex
geometries, for example, watchbands and device bits. Run of the mill PVD statement rates are
10– 100å (1– 10 nanometres) every second. PVD procedures can be utilized to store movies of
components and combinations and also mixes utilizing responsive statement forms. In receptive
statement forms, mixes are framed by the response of keeping material with the surrounding gas
condition, for example, nitrogen (e.g. titanium nitride, TiN) or with a co-saving material (e.g.
titanium carbide, TiC). Sorts of PVD Coating
 Vacuum dissipation
 Sputter testimony

 Ion plating
Vacuum testimony which is once in a while called vacuum vanishing is a PVD procedure
in which material from a warm vaporization source achieves the substrate with next to zero
impact with gas particles in the space between the source and substrate.
Sputter testimony is the statement of particles vaporized from a surface ("focus"), by the
physical sputtering process. Physical sputtering is a non-warm vaporization process where
surface iotas are physically shot out from a strong surface by energy exchange from a nuclear
measured vivacious barraging molecule which is typically a vaporous particle quickened from a
plasma.
Particle plating which is now and then called Ion Assisted Deposition (IAD) or Ion
Vapour Deposition (IVD) uses simultaneous or intermittent barrage of the storing film by
nuclear measured vivacious particles, to alter and control the properties of the saving film.
Anode position or electroplating includes making the segment to be covered the negative
terminal or cathode in a cell containing a fluid or electrolyte which must permit the section of
electric current. This electrolyte is normally an answer in water of a salt of the metal to be saved,
and is kept up at a controlled temperature which can be up to around 60 "C. The electrical circuit
is finished by a positive terminal or anode which is by and large made out of the metal to be kept
and is found a short separation far from the cathode. Under the activity of an immediate current
connected at a low voltage, decidedly charged metal particles in the electrolyte move towards the
cathode, where they experience change to metal iotas and store on the cathode, i.e. the segment
surface.

CE 2.3.4 Identified issues and their solutions
During my practical study of the different procedures I had tried to electroplate different
materials with copper. The main problems which I had faced were oxidation of the solution
which rendered it inactive in nature. The plating of the material was uneven in nature and
resulted is rapid corrosion of the metal. I had again repeated the experiment with a better quality
solution for the electroplating and a higher voltage for the procedure which resulted in a better
outcome.
CE 2.3.5 Plan to produce creative and innovative work
For the future research work I would like to implement the electroplating procedures in
more different fields and also learn about the other processes in the market.
CE 2.3.6 Collaborative work
I had collaborated with my project supervisor to understand the working of the different
electroplating techniques. He had also helped me to get a special permission to the Y.G.
International (Pvt) Ltd. where I was able to understand the industrial processes used for
electroplating. The training helped me to gain a wider angle of knowledge on the topic.
CE 2.4 Project Review
CE 2.4.1 Project Overview
The project research is targeted to produce the best electroplating techniques which can
be used to safeguard metals and non-metals from rust, scratch and corrosion. I have discussed
two procedure Physical vapour Deposition and electroplating using Hard Chrome.

CE 2.4.2 My contribution to work
I was in charge of completing the research project and deliver the final report to my
university. I had influenced expansive research on the errand to subject to find the best courses in
which the investigation can be done. I had completed the whole research without any other
person to have a predominant cognizance of the particular procedures for electroplating with the
help of which I will have the ability to choose the best philosophy to realize the electroplating
frameworks.