This assignment presents a detailed case study analysis of Mr. McDonald, a 75-year-old male with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular complications. The report begins by connecting Mr. McDonald's symptoms, including high HbA1c levels, pitting edema, proteinuria, and hypertension, to the pathophysiology of T2DM and related complications. It explores the impact of elevated blood glucose, renal disease, and the use of Metformin. The second part of the assignment outlines both pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions for managing Mr. McDonald's condition, including weight management strategies, edema control, and interventions for tired eyes. Medical interventions discussed include diuretics, ACE inhibitors and ARBs. The report concludes with an overview of the discussed nursing and medical interventions that can be used to manage T2DM and its complications.