Analysis of Leadership and Management Roles at McDonald's

Desklib provides solved assignments and past papers to help students excel in their studies.

UNIT 4
LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT
CONCEPTS
1

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................................3
TASK 1..........................................................................................................................................................4
TASK 2........................................................................................................................................................11
CONCLUSION.............................................................................................................................................17
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................................18
2

INTRODUCTION
The report mainly defines the responsibilities and duties of operation management towards the
development and growth of an organization, which deals with the set elements such as productions and
designing of the services and products and services offered towards the customers by the company. The
operation management plays an important role in the management of operations defined in a business
environment which serves helpful in implementing the set of services as per the demands of the
customers. It also helps in defining the effective set of output in terms of working together on the
company, which serves beneficial for the company in terms of defining the high revenue generation
within the company. In order to determine the importance of operations management in the business
environment the Mc Donald’s Company has been taken (Asam et al., 2015).
Mc Donald’s is the fast food company of America which was founded in 1940 by Maurice Mc Donald and
Richard in San Bernardino, California, UK. The company provides good food at attractive prices, In the
UK the company has established over 1300 restaurants, in which 1100 are franchises. The number of
people working within the company is about 120,000 people in the UK and about 1million all over the
world. The company has established over 37,855 restaurants all over the world. It mainly includes a set
of products such as chicken, fries, hamburgers, soft drinks, fries, salads, coffee, milkshakes, wraps,
breakfast, etc. Thus, in order to deal with the various types of challenges and strategies the leaders and
the managers of an organization plays a vital role towards the development and progress of the
company (Barnes, 2016).
Figure 1: Mc Donald’s logo
3

Source: (Barnes, 2016)
4

TASK 1
ROLES OF LEADERS AND MANAGERS IN AN ORGANIZATION
The leaders and the managers of an organization play a vital role in the effective development and
growth of an organization. The manager has been defined as a person having the duties and
responsibilities towards the successful task completion which have been distributed into various
departments of an organization by motivating the employees to achieve the target and goal defined
leading towards the progress of an entire organization. Leaders are the persons which are termed to be
superior to the existing set of employees in terms of having the higher level of knowledge and capability
to handle the situations in an effective way in order to achieve the established goal and target of the
company (Davidson et al., 2016). Managers define the role of providing discipline in an organization and
on the other hand leaders define the role of motivating the employees to accomplish the defined task
with full potential to meet the goals. The managers of an organization have the duty of interacting with
tasks which are defined in relation to shareholders, suppliers, staff members leading towards the
progress of the entire organization. The differences and similarities identified between the leaders and
managers are defined as:
BASIS LEADER MANAGER
Definition An individual who has the
responsibility of motivating the
employees in order to work with
full potential leading towards the
achievement of goals (Binz et
al., 2014)
An individual who performs the
set of operations which includes
monitoring, planning and
controlling towards the
development of an organization.
Method In order to meet the target of an
organization, leaders define the
effective set of ideas and
In order to define the effective
set of procedures and methods,
plans have been made by the
5

opinions towards the effective
development of an organization
manager inaccurate way.
Characteristics The main element defined in a
leader is defined as
Foresightedness
The set of plans are being
defined as per the availability of
resources and time available in
an organization.
Subordinate The leaders have been followed
due to their values and beliefs.
The manager assures the fact
that every individual contributes
to the growth of an organization.
Form The major type of leadership
style followed by firms includes
the transformational leadership
In terms of completion of the
task, the transactional model is
defined towards the functioning.
Decision The leaders have the power to
take important decisions in an
organization (Knee et al., 2016).
The manager of the firm takes
the final decisions
Objective The objective of the leader is
to define the development
and growth of an organization
The successful accomplishment
towards the objectives of an
organization is the main aim of
the manager.
Focus Leaders focus mainly on the set The manager of an organization
assures the effective functioning
6

of people. of various business operations
(Chiarini, 2015).
THEORIES OVER THE ROLE OF LEADERS AND MANAGERS FUNCTIONS
According to the statements of Henry Fayol, the functions of management are subdivided into basic five
functions which majorly include the planning, commanding, organizing, coordination and controlling. In
terms of the management defined in Mc Donald’s, it has defined the various set of strategies and
procedures which contributes towards the growth of an organization. There has been set of boundaries
defined by the managers in terms of defining the task completion strategy, where the performance of
employees are evaluated by the leader's support and abilities towards the interpersonal skills defined by
the employees of the firm. The progress and developments of Mc Donald’s have been determined with
various responsibilities associated towards managers and leaders, which are defined as:
PLANNING
In order to introduce the set of strategies and procedures which contribute towards the development of
an organization named as Mc Donald’s, the effective plan has been made which includes various
information such as the details about sales and revenue towards the retailer’s product. The leader of the
Mc Donald's makes use of the set of skills defined over the set of employees such as interpersonal skills,
communication skills, etc.
ORGANIZATION
In order to implement the plan in an effective way, the managers of the Mc Donald’s uses the available
set of resources in terms of defining the tasks associated with the business. The main responsibility of a
leader is to motivate the employees towards the successful completion of work in order to generate an
effective set of results (Davidson et al., 2016).
GUIDING
7

The managers provide a way towards the employees and staff in order to effectively accomplish the task
in an efficient way. The leader contributes towards the creation of team and effective working of the
team in order to assure the successful completion of tasks
COORDINATION
As Mc Donald's have a high number of employees working in an organization, thus it serves mandatory
to define the set of tasks in the coordinative way, which leads towards the accomplishment of various
tasks in an efficient way, which helps in meeting the quality standards in an organization defined by
leaders and managers of an organization.
CONTROL
There are the various set of procedures and strategies which are developed by managers which are
implemented on an organization named as Mc Donald’s, where the set if the results are evaluated by
leaders on the basis of the performance of the employees and staff being defined (Davidson et al.,
2016).
ROLE OF A LEADER AND THE FUNCTION OF A MANAGER APPLY IN DIFFERENT SITUATIONAL
CONTEXTS.
The functions and roles which are defined by leaders and managers serve helpful in terms of defining
the desired set of targets and goals in an organization, the set of traits such as leadership styles serves as
the critical way of evaluating operations related to the management. Mc Donald’s is facing various
challenges in terms of pricing of the resources, tools and materials which rising in the industry, which
can be handled by defining the effective set of operation management functions along with the abilities
of leader which are used towards the planning and organizing accurate strategies in terms of defining
the cost at an effective rate along with the generation of revenue towards the organization ( De Roover,
2017).
In terms of enhancing the various set of strategies and procedures applied over an organization such as
Mc Donald’s, leaders and managers play a vital role in accordance with the traits and characteristics
defined towards the leadership in terms of the management. This type of concept determines the need
for enhancing the existing set of services and practices, various situations which are included in an
organization are:
8

STABLE SITUATION
The types of situations which are not be changed further which focuses on the development of the
organization in terms of obtaining stability within an organization. For example: If no change is identified
in terms of the inflation rate, boom or recession in the market, then in such case the market will found
to be stable without affecting the organization.
SLOW TO MODERATE SITUATION CHANGE
In the situation where the competition will not be determined the set of factors will moderately change
the purpose of an organization, from stable situations of slow change towards the moderate change in
situations. For example: During the rise in the rate of inflation, the moderate form of changing situations
will be observed in order to generate an effective set of results (Greene et al., 2016).
RAPID CHANGING SITUATION
Such type of situation is currently observed in many organizations such as in Mc Donald’s towards the
fast-changing marketing situations as per the environment of the market. For example: In the sector of
fast food there are rapid changes as per the taste of the customers which influences the way of
manufacturing the products in another way.
Mc Donald's defines slowly to moderate situations in terms of benefiting the organization by the
development of the products which are defined as:
OUTER CHANGES IN AN ORGANIZATION
These are the set of changes which are influenced by the external factors of an organization which
includes the actions determining the results in terms of regulations by government, variation in tax and
policy, change in preferences and taste which influences the macro level. In Mc Donald’s the position of
an organization determines the stability in an organization.
INNER CHANGES IN AN ORGANIZATION
These types of factors include the components such as changes in the financial condition of the
organization, change in management and team, marketing strategies, planning of the new techniques
leads towards the diversification of the products and services in an organization (Greene et al., 2016).
9

DIFFERENT THEORIES AND MODELS OF APPROACH, INCLUDING SITUATIONAL LEADERSHIP, SYSTEMS
LEADERSHIP, AND CONTINGENCY
The different types of theories and models of approach including the various types of leadership styles
are:
SITUATIONAL LEADERSHIP
It is defined as the type of leadership in which the leader has the flexibility to adjust the type of style as
per the situation over which the alteration has been defined. This type of leadership encourages leaders
to opt for the best suitable style in order to achieve the targets and goals. It is dependent on the specific
skill defined by the leader. This type of leadership theory was given by Kenneth Blanchard and Paul
Hersey in the year 1969.
The characteristics of the situational leadership style are:
 An accurate understanding of the demands of followers must be done
 The trust and confidence of followers must be achieved
 As per the situation, leadership style must be changed
 Best leadership style must be selected on the basis of requirements of followers (Greene et al.,
2014)
SYSTEM LEADERSHIP
It is defined as the type of leadership which enables the leaders of an organization to develop the
conditions where the employees at every level of an organization can work effectively and productively
with respect to their potential. This type of leadership approach was developed by Dr. Ian Macdonald.
The characteristics of system leadership style are:
 It provides tools to the leaders in terms of predicting the behavior of people in an organization
 It contributes to defining the effective systems which define the productive behavior towards
the organization
 It leads towards the more effective realization of the purpose of an organization
 It helps in providing an effective set of procedures in an organization (Greene et al., 2014)
CONTINGENCY LEADERSHIP
10

The type of leadership which states that effectiveness of a leader is contingent on the basis of the type
of leadership style followed by the leader as per the situation, where the leader must determine the
type of leadership followed by him. This theory was developed by Fred Fiedler in 1958. In this theory,
the styles are assumed to be fixed.
The three types of contingency theories which are popularly used are:
 Fiedler’s Contingency Model
This type of approach deals towards the understanding of a leader's behavior, where a test
known as LPC (Low Preferred Worker) is being used to evaluate the style to be used in
leadership. The set of leaders opting for the test generates an opportunity to provide the name
of the person with whom they did not want to work. Leaders taking the test should circle the
choice which best defines the person who serves as the difficult to work with. After the
completion of the test the LPC score has been defined where the score of 57 or less than this
determines the leadership style as task-oriented, the score between 58-63 determines that
leader can have relationship oriented or task-oriented approach and the score greater than 64
determines the relational leadership style (Hamlin et al., 2017).
 Robert House’s Path-Goal theory
This theory is based on the concept of a follower's motivation, which identifies the four styles of
leadership:
Directive: In this leader defines authorities and direct way of communication towards their
followers.
Achievement-oriented: The leader defines the high expectations towards the followers.
Participative: The leader works along with his followers including the set of ideas.
Supportive: In this, the leader provides support towards his followers in terms of defining
concern and cares towards their well-being and needs.
11

Figure 2: House’s Path-Goal theory
Source: (Hamlin et al., 2017)
 HERSEY’S AND BLANCHARD’S SITUATION MODEL
It is defined as the type of leadership in which the leader has the flexibility to adjust the type of style as
per the situation over which the alteration has been defined. This type of leadership encourages leaders
to opt for the best suitable style in order to achieve the targets and goals. It is dependent on the specific
skill defined by the leader. This type of leadership theory was given by Kenneth Blanchard and Paul
Hersey in the year 1969.
Figure 3: HERSEY’S AND BLANCHARD’S SITUATION MODEL
Source: (Haksever et al., 2018)
12