Footstep Power Generator: Design, Analysis, and Evaluation Report

This report details the design and evaluation of a footstep power generator, focusing on its potential as a sustainable energy source. The report begins with an introduction emphasizing the need for non-conventional energy sources and the potential of footstep power generation. It then outlines a preliminary design phase, including the use of piezoelectric sensors and their integration into a system for converting kinetic energy from footsteps into electricity. A detailed design section elaborates on the components and functionality of the system, with diagrams illustrating the piezoelectric sensor and its application. The report further addresses system testing, evaluation, and optimization processes, emphasizing the reliability and sustainability of the design. An evaluation section assesses the project's viability, considering factors like reliability and a budget plan. The conclusion summarizes the project's potential as a future energy source, highlighting its environmental benefits and the importance of energy conversion for a sustainable society.

Running head: FOOTSTEP POWER GENERATOR: ASSIGNMENT 2
Footstep Power Generator: Assignment 2
Name of the Student
Name of the university
Author Note

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FOOTSTEP POWER GENERATOR: ASSIGNMENT 2
Table of Contents
Introduction......................................................................................................................................2
Preliminary design...........................................................................................................................2
Detailed design................................................................................................................................4
System test, evaluation, validation and optimisation processes......................................................5
Evaluation........................................................................................................................................7
Conclusion.......................................................................................................................................8
References........................................................................................................................................8

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FOOTSTEP POWER GENERATOR: ASSIGNMENT 2
Introduction
Footstep power generator will be an evolution in the field of the power generation as it
will be introducing the new way of recyclable energy that can meet the need and requirements of
the users. Power has been always crucial for the development and growth of the country and
hence, there is a genuine need of the non-conventional energy in manner to reduce the loss of
energy and make the environment free from pollution (Arvind et al. 2016). This problem has
been considered as an issue for the entire world and hence, the research is being driven on the
footstep power generation that can be used as the vital source of energy for delivering the needs
and requirements of the users. The purpose of this report is to propose the preliminary design and
the detailed design of the proposed project in manner to deliver it in an efficient and effective
manner. The analysis being proposed in this report will be helpful in identifying the reliability of
the proposed project within the existing real world. This could be the future integrated source of
power as the conventional source of energies are getting limited and the human kind needs a
source of energy that can meet the increasing needs and demands. Previously proposed project
emphasized on the specifications of the footstep power generator and the conceptual design for
the growth and development of the project.
This project will assure that the society and local community will be able to avail the
services as per their needs and demands related to the availability and production of electricity.
The proposed project will be delivering the preliminary design of the project that will be
highlighting how the footstep generator could be installed and could be utilized for the
production of the electricity. An evaluation is performed in this report that is efficient and
effective enough for the identification of the efficiency of the proposed project and it was

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FOOTSTEP POWER GENERATOR: ASSIGNMENT 2
identified that the project will be highly reliable and sustainable considering the future
requirements of the human beings.
Preliminary design
The preliminary design will be acting as the bridge between the conceptual design and
the detailed design that will be proposed in the next phase of this report. This section will be
emphasizing on the activities of the project development from its very initial stage. The initial
stage was to analyse the existing situation and problems in the power generation that has been
already done in previous assignment (Dev, Arora and Sekhar 2015). Thereafter, the proposition
of the footstep generator will be the next step. The piezoelectric sensor is the major component
for this project that could be spread within the populated industry for the management of the
large amount of electric production. An example can be demonstrated as following figure in
which piezoelectric sensor is already installed:
Figure 1: How piezoelectric embedded streets
(Source: Hwang et al. 2015)

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FOOTSTEP POWER GENERATOR: ASSIGNMENT 2
The users will be the common people and simple principle of energy conversion will be
used for the generation of the electricity (Larson and gray 2015). There will be not any extra
effort spent on the generation of the electricity, as the individuals walking over the roads or the
places where the footstep generator is fixed. The collected kinetic energy will be transferred into
dc form through the functioning of the piezoelectric sensor and thereafter, the collected energy
could be stored in battery for further application. This stored energy can be transferred to the
needful areas via cabling for allowing the users to avail the services (Kamboj et al. 2017).
However, the system development strategies and the management style will be the most crucial
for the successful development and deployment of this project in the real world. Following figure
can be helpful in predicting the steps and benefits those could be gained via successful delivery
of this project:
Figure 2: Preliminary Design
(Source: Created by author)
The above picture explains how the individual walking on the respective area will be
transferring the motion in the piezoelectric sensor and the circuit will be used to collect and store

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FOOTSTEP POWER GENERATOR: ASSIGNMENT 2
the electricity produced by the piezoelectric sensor (Xie and Cai 2014). The stored, electricity
can be transferred to the respective needed areas and sectors using the means of the cable. This is
the functioning of the operations related to the transformation of the mechanical energy into
electrical energy.
Detailed design
The detailed design will be emphasizing on the components and the functioning of the
footstep power generator in much detailed manner. The piezoelectric sensor will be the most
crucial component for the delivery of the project and it will be playing the most vital role in
converting the kinetic energy produced via walking into electrical energy of same value as that is
being spent in vain (Hwang et al. 2015). The following diagrams will be explaining the different
components and their detailed functioning:

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FOOTSTEP POWER GENERATOR: ASSIGNMENT 2
Figure 3: Detailed diagram
(Source: Hwang et al. 2015)
The detailed design proposed above explains the complicated circuit behind the
instalment and processing of the piezoelectric device under the roads or the streets or the areas
where there is high mobility. It also explains the electrical and electronic components those are
necessary for this conversion and assuring that the efficiency of the conversion is high.
The proposed project will be converting the kinetic energy into electrical energy through
the application of the piezoelectric sensor. The piezoelectric effects the basic principle of the
proposed system that results in the production of electricity when mechanical forces are applied

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FOOTSTEP POWER GENERATOR: ASSIGNMENT 2
to the plain materials within the certain planes. The conservation of energy is the basic principle
for the production of the electricity using this sensor that allows the conversion of the
mechanical or kinetic energy into the electrical energy (Boby et al. 2014). An array of the
piezoelectric sensors can be deployed in a series in manner to make sure that the developed
network produces electrical power of reasonable amount. 10 piezoelectric sensors can be
established in series for the production of 9 volts and 1000 mA that can be efficient and effective
for providing power to the LEDs. The most applicable sensors in the present scenario is utilizing
the PVDF and PZT, and the filters are being utilized in manner to control the output voltages.
System test, evaluation, validation and optimisation processes
As mentioned above, only 10 piezo electric sensors connected in series can generate 9 V,
1000 mA, voltage and current respectively (Hua et al. 2018). Thus, establishing a network with
maximum number of the piezoelectric sensor can be helpful in producing enough electricity that
can allow the street lights to enough lighting and manage the electricity for the society. This can
allow the mechanical and kinetic energy being wasted over the roads and the streets to be
transformed into electric energy and assure that enough energy can be produced for feeding the
necessary requirements of the individuals. The problem of power source can be eliminated using
this technology as installing hundreds of the piezo electric sensor would allow the society to
produce enough electricity (Dev, Arora and Sekhar 2015). The proposed project will be valid for
the society in managing the electric production and assuring that the developed project will be
capable enough for the management and delivery of the power generation. The proposed project
could be the lifeline for the future and hence, the validation of the project could last longer.
It is being estimated that the world will not have much non-conventional source of energy
in future and hence, the need of the conventional source of energy will be vital in future (Modi et

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FOOTSTEP POWER GENERATOR: ASSIGNMENT 2
al. 2016). The mechanical stress and strain could be easily obtained from lots of the activities
included in the project. The individuals walking, vehicles running, and many activities those can
generate mechanical energy and allow the footstep generator to produce enough electricity that
can allow the production of the electricity.
Innovation can be added to this project through gathering the mechanical energy from the
waves of water and high speed of the wind through attaching the pinions and the wheels those
can alternatively allow the project to be successful. Conversion of the energy is very crucial for
the advanced future as it would be assuring the application of all the wired and wireless devices
those are planning to be implemented in the future (Nibras, Senanayakalage and Shaffer 2017).
The proposed project if deployed in very large area would be possibly capable of supplying the
electricity through the entire city if piezoelectric sensors or the footstep generator is successfully
installed within the mobile areas. These introductions can be helpful in meeting the needs and
requirements of the future and supporting in the development of a sustainable society that is
pollution free. This will be the major point of concern for the future and hence, the sustainability
factor can also be managed and achieved through the deployment of the factor that can be
necessary for the deployment of the footstep power generation.
Evaluation
Reliability and sustainability are the two major factors based on which the evaluation can
be delivered in much reliable way. These factors can be considered in manner to identify the
efficiency of the proposed system and assuring that the benefits can be availed in an easy
manner. The reliability can be managed through the availability of the input for the production of
the electricity (Muhammad et al. 2016). The mechanical and kinetic energy are being waste
throughout the cities and world either walking individual or the moving car on the roads. Thus,

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FOOTSTEP POWER GENERATOR: ASSIGNMENT 2
there will always the availability of the input that could to transform in the electrical form and
necessary energy can be developed in an efficient and effective manner. This situation results in
the high reliability on the project for future adoption as a source of energy that can meet the basic
needs and requirements of the electricity.
Budget plan for the development of the footstep power generator:
Total no of generator required for 1 km = 3280
Activity Estimated cost
Archaeological study $20,000
Engineering plan preparation $30,000
Initiation $15,000
Planning $5,000
Footstep power generator per sq. ft $30
For 1 Km (3280 sq ft) $10,000
Cabling $ 50 (per sq ft)
For 1 Km $1,58,400
Total cost for the establishment of piezoelectric sensors and footstep power generator will
be: $ 10,000
Sustainability factor will be another considerable factor for the evaluation of the proposed
project in the real-world application. Since there is no any residual left for after the
transformation of the mechanical energy into electrical energy and thus, the developed project
will assure that the sustainability factor is being adhered through the adoption of this technique

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FOOTSTEP POWER GENERATOR: ASSIGNMENT 2
and the project is very successful in the future (Kurt et al. 2017). The productivity will be the real
component for this undertaking as the gathered vitality must be effectively changing over the
gathered mechanical vitality into electric vitality. Since, the gathered vitality will be put away in
DC frame and in this manner, battery stockpiling will be vital for gathering the changed over
vitality and putting away it for a considerable length of time that it very well may be material for
the purchasers. Following result proposes the efficiency and reliability of the piezoelectric sensor
in the adoption of this strategy for the functioning and delivery:
Figure 4: “Theoretical and measured value of resonance frequency with respect to the
various tip masses”
(Source: Hwang et al. 2015)

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FOOTSTEP POWER GENERATOR: ASSIGNMENT 2
Figure 5: “FFT analysis of the displacement vibration of the piezoelectric tile”
(Source: Hwang et al. 2015)
Figure 6: “Output voltage with respect to the various tip masses”
(Source: Hwang et al. 2015)

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FOOTSTEP POWER GENERATOR: ASSIGNMENT 2
Figure 7: “Output voltage and power graph according to the load”
(Source: Hwang et al. 2015)
Figure 8: “Output RMS power and peak power of the four piezoelectric modules with
respect to the load”
(Source: Hwang et al. 2015)
The created power would be fit for utilizing the house hold electric items including LEDs, Fans,
and other family unit apparatuses. The framework will be investigated considering the utilization
and creation proportion in way to make it material enough for the whole utilization (Kamboj et
al. 2017). The created framework ought to be sufficiently productive for the administration of
ordinary citizens needs and necessities identified with the power utilization.

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FOOTSTEP POWER GENERATOR: ASSIGNMENT 2
Conclusion
It can be concluded that the proposed project can be a successful approach towards the
introduction of the power source that can meet the increasing rate of the conventional source of
energy. The piezo electric principle allows the development of successful footstep power
generator development and allowing a wide range of the application. The above report proposed
the preliminary design and the detailed design of the footstep power generator in manner to
assure that the preliminary approach for the development of the proposed project. The detailed
design explains the circuit design of the project and how the mechanical energy is being
transformed through the application of the piezoelectric sensor and utilize the mechanical energy
in an efficient and effective manner. Based on the above project it can also be concluded that the
evaluation of the proposed project result in defining the high reliability and the sustainability and
thus, making it more applicable for the present and future world.

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FOOTSTEP POWER GENERATOR: ASSIGNMENT 2
References
Arvind, A., Joy, J., Sreekalpa, S., Sujith, S. and Ramakrishnan, R., 2016. Power Generation
through Human Locomotion. Journal of Electronics and Communication Systems, 1(1).
Boby, K., Aleena Paul, K., Thomas, J.A. and Nimisha, K.K., 2014. Footstep Power Generation
Using Piezo Electric Transducers. International Journal of Engineering and Innovative
Technology (IJEIT) Volume, 3, pp.264-267.
Dev, A., Arora, P. and Sekhar, R., 2015. Human energy harvesting through a low cost footstep
power generator. Int. J. Appl. Eng. Res., 10, pp.30101-30107.
Dubley, B. (2018). [online] Bp.com. Available at:
https://www.bp.com/content/dam/bp/en/corporate/pdf/energy-economics/statistical-review/bp-
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lever mechanism for piezoelectric footstep energy harvesting. Applied Physics Letters, 113(5),
p.053902.
Hwang, S.J., Jung, H.J., Kim, J.H., Ahn, J.H., Song, D., Song, Y., Lee, H.L., Moon, S.P., Park,
H. and Sung, T.H., 2015. Designing and manufacturing a piezoelectric tile for harvesting energy
from footsteps. Current Applied Physics, 15(6), pp.669-674.
Kamboj, A., Haque, A., Kumar, A., Sharma, V.K. and Kumar, A., 2017, March. Design of
footstep power generator using piezoelectric sensors. In Innovations in Information, Embedded
and Communication Systems (ICIIECS), 2017 International Conference on (pp. 1-3). IEEE.

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Kerzner, H. and Kerzner, H.R., 2017. Project management: a systems approach to planning,
scheduling, and controlling. John Wiley & Sons.
Kurt, E., Cottone, F., Uzun, Y., Orfei, F., Mattarelli, M. and Özhan, D., 2017. Design and
implementation of a new contactless triple piezoelectrics wind energy harvester. International
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