This literature review investigates the effectiveness of the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) in managing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). It explores the role of MedDiet as a non-pharmacological intervention, highlighting its potential to reduce the severity of T2DM and improve overall health outcomes. The review synthesizes findings from various studies, including randomized control trials and meta-analyses, to demonstrate how MedDiet components, such as high plant-based food consumption and olive oil, can modulate metabolic pathways, improve glycemic control, and reduce cardiovascular risks. The review also addresses research gaps, particularly regarding the carbohydrate content of the MedDiet, and concludes that the MedDiet is a promising approach for effective T2DM management by reducing blood glucose levels, improving the lipid profile, and decreasing the risk of microvascular complications. Overall, the literature review emphasizes the importance of the MedDiet in T2DM management.