Comparative Study on Menstruation Perceptions in India: Analysis

This research project presents a detailed comparative study exploring the perceptions of menstruation among boys and girls in India. The study delves into the background of menstrual hygiene management challenges, particularly in low-income areas, and poses research questions regarding attitudes, beliefs, and challenges related to menstruation. The scope of the research encompasses the importance of menstrual education and the need for hygienic practices, citing existing data on unhygienic conditions faced by women in India. The research methodology outlines the problem identification, literature review, and data collection processes, including ethical principles and limitations. The significance of the study emphasizes the need to break stereotypes and address health concerns, while the benefits for stakeholders include improved perceptions and awareness. The report concludes with a discussion of the aims and objectives, including a comparative analysis of boys' and girls' perceptions to identify areas for improvement in menstrual hygiene management and education.

Research
Project

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
Background.................................................................................................................................1
Research Questions.....................................................................................................................1
Scope of the research..................................................................................................................1
Significance of study...................................................................................................................3
Explain the significance and rationale of the proposed research................................................3
State clearly the importance of carrying out such research.........................................................4
Evaluate the main benefits that different stakeholders will obtain through your research.........4
It is important to state clearly who will benefit from what.........................................................5
SUMMARY.....................................................................................................................................5
LITERATURE REVIEW ...............................................................................................................6
Critics .........................................................................................................................................6
Articles 1 : “Not a dirty word: Indian girls shatter menstruation myths”...................................6
Article 2: “Knowledge practices and restrictions related to menstruation among young women
from low socio-economic community in Mumbai, India “.........................................................6
Article 3: “Holistic Approach, collective action needed to address menstruation issues of rural
women”.......................................................................................................................................7
Article 4 : “Putting the Men's in Menstruation”..........................................................................8
Article 5 : We do not Know': a qualitative study exploring boys perception of menstruation in
India. ...........................................................................................................................................9
Article 6: To understand the need base importance of creating awareness about mensuration in
both males and females...............................................................................................................9
Article 7 : We Need to talk about periods: why is menstruation still holding girls back.........10
Article 8 : To recommend the ways to eradicate the challenges faced by females and methods
to create awareness in them to maintain their hygiene.............................................................11
CONCLUSION .............................................................................................................................12
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY...................................................................................................12
Research Strategies ..................................................................................................................12
Research Design........................................................................................................................13

Data Collection..........................................................................................................................13
Discuss the techniques for analyzing primary techniques........................................................15
........................................................................................................................................................19
Ethical Principles......................................................................................................................19
Research limitation....................................................................................................................20
CONCLUSION .............................................................................................................................22
REFERENCES .............................................................................................................................23
.......................................................................................................................................................26

INTRODUCTION
Title: “Comparative study on exploring boys and females perception of menstruation in
India”.
Background
In middle income countries and other areas of poverty, menstrual hygiene management
can be problematic for women and girls. In India it has been assumed that most of the women
facing issues and challenges while having menstruation. Overall, it brings new opportunity and
growth in order to make better awareness among all girls and as well as boys. Besides, women's
are facing huge number of data collection and fast growing services in terms of making good and
healthy environment (van Eijk and et.al., 2016). Present scenario will be taking the deep study of
making comparative study on exploring boys and females perception of menstruation in India.
This will be discussing the analysis on females that helps to explore the wide range of awareness
in among population. Moreover, it brings new better approaching strategies and exploring
knowledge. However, little is known their knowledge and attitudes towards menstruation. The
present study undertake to explore the knowledge and explaining the concept of actual
presentation and growth. Besides, the main issues which is more concerning and important is that
barriers to menstrual hygiene management faced by adolescent scholar girls in low income
countries are gaining interest at practice and policy levels. This makes effective and more
exploring generating goals. Study defined the aimed to examine how these things will help to
control the overall, scenario of the study.
Research Questions
 What are the attitudes and beliefs in regard to menstruation in India ?
 What are the perception of women about menstruation. What are the challenges they
faced ?
 What are the perception of boys towards mensuration in India ?
 How they managed the menstruation process and dealing with the challenges ?
Scope of the research
Menstruation is the most challenging time that has been facing by the women's. It
exploring the nature of things that helps to control the process and fast growing matter of fact.
Overall, the thing is to explain the new matter of things and growing the best effective
performance growth (Willis, 2017). There are several methods and growth that will help to
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control the best possible things and matter of fact. Overall, often brings this makes better growth
and challenging behavior that brings new ways of dealing things. Besides, Menstrual education
is the required education process that helps to provide better education level of things that works
according to needs and wants. Many big organizations and effective generating target goals helps
to sustain the better effective goals and objectives. Overall, it brings new way of making
hygienic product or services. In according to menstruation is still considered a natural event by
women. Overall, it brings new opportunity and growth in order to being the best approachable
environment for women safety (Sommer and et.la., 2015). Present study will help to review the
importance of menstruation in order to brings new safety precautions. Besides, it brings new
better fast growing performance in order to hold the best effective service growth. On the basis
of previous research, it has been seen that 1150 urban and 850 rural women are suffering from
unhygienic environment. It makes better opportunity and growth in order to keep the all
environment safe and secure. This research process will help to identify the problem through
invention has been done. There are given some following steps that includes in research process
 Identify the problem: In this first process of research is done on the basis of given issues
and problems. This process has developed a research question that has been answered by
identifying the research problem. Such as investigator research the perception level of
boys and girls on menstruation in India (Newman and Wolfgang, 2017). This has been
the biggest issue in India specially in rural areas. Due to less awareness and sources.
 Review the literature: In this next process of research problem has been identified, and
investigator going into deeper to collect the facts and information. These steps have
provides the knowledge and effective growing performance and fast provides services.
This process will give chance to scholar to collect the data into more efficient manner.
Overall, it brings new better opportunity and growth in terms of better processing level.
 Clarify the problem: further in third steps' researcher will clarify the issues and
problems to narrows the scope of the study. Such as time has been given into perfect
manner. This has been preferred and fast effective growth factor that helps to solve the
issues into deeper manner (Sahoo and et.la., 2015). This overall, in this process of
working and effective source of learning will help to solve the issues and problems.
 Clarify and define terms and concepts: in this next process of learning will help to take
new process of learning and growth. In these steps' investigator will help to covered the
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process of generalizing things and explains the effective process or making good
presence of making things. In this present study that is based on menstruation is the
perception of boys and girls. This make the effective and generating things and process.
Overall, it brings new growth and channel (Dion, 2014).
 Define the population: Research project has focused on a specific group of people,
facilities, park development, employee evaluations programmers, financial status and
marketing efforts. Meanwhile, it expresses the various sources and perception level that
makes all process easy and approaching. Overall, research has been includes better fast
growing performance and matter of fact. Population is very much helpful and fast
growing performance that helps to take the productive task oriented process or making
good things and process (Anagol, 2017). Overall, it brings new matter of fact that helps to
take the best effective process oriented work.
 Develop the instrumentation plan: This is the another process of research that helps to
make better target performance level. Besides, it also brings new level of working and
task oriented performance for better performing level. Study will also take different tools
and techniques in order to explain the better fast growing performance.
 Collect data: once instrumental plan is completed, the actual study begins with the data
collection of data. In this process investigator will answer the all question. Each research
required a specific data collection in order to create new working environment. In terms
of India, 88% of women's are using ash, husk or sand during their days. That is totally
unhygienic and safe (Tegegne and Sisay, 2014). This is the issues or problem that is
required to be answered through data collection and using different facts and statistics.
 Analyze the data: Last step of research process will look upon the data, that has been
collected by scholar. This helps to create new research report that represent the different
facts and organization tools.
Significance of study
Explain the significance and rationale of the proposed research
The current research work has depicted a study carried out to compare among the perception of
boys and girls towards mensuration in India. This study is immensely important to break some
stereotype thoughts of people living in India. It is mainly due to the fact of still considering it a
deprived nation with large number of poor regions in it. This in turn results in causing numerous
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health related issues in the girls and they are largely suffering from major number of fitness
concerns (Lewis, 2015). It is therefore important to eradicate the deteriorating mind set of certain
people who are consequently hampering the well-being of girls to a great extent. This
investigation is thereby intended to compare the awareness level of both boys and girls about
mensuration to later ascertain its pertinence.
State clearly the importance of carrying out such research
This study is important in terms of identifying the realistic perception of people towards
mensuration with a major involvement of both girls and boys. It is with a special context of India
where its deprived regions are not having apt management of menstrual hygiene. Herein, on
comparing the thoughts of boys and girls towards menstruation, it has been found that the boys
are not assured of menstruation and calls it a taboo. Not only the boys, but there are girls who are
together known to ignore the importance of being hygienic at the time of going through their
menstrual cycle. It is also due to a state of poverty that insists near around 70% Indian women to
use old rags rather using the sanitary napkins (Palinkas and et.al., 2015).
This leads to the existence of several reproductive diseases in women. It is however due to a
sense of disgrace and dishonour that is directly associated with the fact of menstruation in India.
Due to which, a large number of women are still not allowed to enter their kitchens as well as
temples and also not permitted to touch some food and water the plants. Although, there are
people who believes it to be orthodox mentality and thus do not entertain it. This study will thus
refer to determine such existent perception of boys and girls towards menstruation in India and
intend to correct the same.
Evaluate the main benefits that different stakeholders will obtain through your research
This is to ascertain the benefits that will be obtained from the associated stakeholders of
this research work. This has mainly involved the Indian boys and girls whose perception towards
menstruation will be explored in this study by the investigator. It will thereby benefit the boys to
have an ideal perception towards menstruation by getting aware of its actual occurrence and
consequences, if treated wrongly (McLaren, 2016). Also, the researcher associated with study
will be benefitted by the fact after determining the real perception of the boys and girls about
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menstruation. By which, it will be easy to address the factual issues that are arising due to a
negative perception of people towards menstruation. This will in turn assist to conduct another
research to find out ways for improving people’s perception towards menstruation in India as a
way of avoiding its atrocious consequences.
It is important to state clearly who will benefit from what
Herein, the girls will be benefited from good health with guys having accurate knowledge about
it and the researcher will get to know the real perception of Indian boys and girls about
menstruation to further take a reasonable step towards it.
Aims: To identify the comparative study on exploring boys and females perception of
menstruation in India.
Objectives
 To describe the attitudes and beliefs in regard to menstruation in India.
 To identify the perception of women about menstruation and the challenges faced by
them.
 To ascertain the perception of boys towards mensuration in India.
 To understand the need base importance of creating awareness about mensuration in both
males and females.
 To recommend the ways to eradicate the challenges faced by females and methods to
create awareness in them to maintain their hygiene.
SUMMARY
Menstruation is the most concern point or important topic for women's. This has been
seen that many of the countries poor girls are faced many issues related lack of resources or
hygienic factor. The present study will be going to present the distinct information on the topic
of menstruation. Besides, this will also explore the comparative study on exploring boys and
females perception of menstruation in India.
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LITERATURE REVIEW
Critics
Articles 1 : “Not a dirty word: Indian girls shatter menstruation myths”.
MURBAD India (Thomas Reuters Foundation) after attending a menstruation myth
busting class in her village in India. Most of the women are thinks that periods is not good or
might be they are bad luck. This article has been presenting by Roli Sharma
Overall summary of this article is that, According to Anagol, (2017), Menstruation also
referred to menarche, signals that the females body is now ready to bear children. Overall, it
makes better presentation and growth. Menarche has occurring after the age of 16 years. A
normal onset of menarche is considered to occur between the age of 11 and 15 years.
On the basis of overall discussion Roli has been presented the Health practitioners and
women alike tent to view normal biological processes, such as menstruation and medical
treatment. Attitudes of the persons are both in positive and negative manner. On the basis of
research and study both men and women having negative perception towards menstruation.
Good things in this article is that, it helps to make people more aware and knowledgeable
and give faith on that they are not covers under bad things. Besides, article helps to give support
to women rights and explained that they don't need to shatter from those things.
Article 2: “Knowledge practices and restrictions related to menstruation among young women
from low socio-economic community in Mumbai, India “
This present article has been given by Cronje HS, with the aim of focusing the challenges
faced by women while having their periods.
In spite of that, overall summary will have been based on the challenges and issues faced
by young women regarding their menstrual hygiene. They also having young daughters were
also included in the same conditions.
Conclusion of this article is that, This negative attitudes are includes various reasons such
as feeling embarrassed, annoying, disabling and having awkward behavior these days. In spite of
that in some poor places where does not have proper resource for girls to have safe menstruation
time. Specially in India, due to lack of proper awareness village girls are facing high issues in the
context of menstruation process. Women have difficulty and looking after for a proper hygienic
environment. In terms of education Indian women are not well educated on menstruation or pre-
menarche. It is partially very much necessary to get proper knowledge about all the process of
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menstruation. According to Dion, (2014), it was found that 71% girls in India is not properly
aware about the knowledge of menstruation before their first period. Overall, it brings low
performance and develop growth in terms of low performance level. Overall, there was a very
negative attitude towards this overall period session.
This article helps to support to know about the proper awareness of menstruation for both
women and boys.
Article 3: “Holistic Approach, collective action needed to address menstruation issues of rural
women”.
This article has been given by Aditi Gupta who is a blogger and articulated with women
empowerment. Under which they summarize the holistic approaches and represents the action
needed to be taken on menstruation issues.
This has been taken according to needs and wants of the organization. According to
Grogan, (2016), Interestingly women' s are said that boys having more information about
menstruation than women and therefore did not need to be told. This has been told by Hurwitz
and et.al., (2017) that this is not any shameful matter for both boys and girls. Besides, it should
be discussing by males and females for taking more knowledge and facts. Besides, another
necessary knowledge should be taken by the boys and girls are taking care of hygiene factor.
This is the most essential and component part in the overall session that should be taking care of
health.
It has been concluded that, Besides, according to Lahme, Stern and Cooper, (2018), it has
bee analyzed that 82% adolescence girls having lack of resources to get over from the overall
time period. Due to which they suffering from different health issues. Besides, it also takes care
of the different essential targets that should to protect girls health and issues. Overall, it brings
new opportunity and growth. There are many issues facing by the women during their period
duration weather in terms of hygiene factors or due to improper resources. Some women are not
preferred to discuss this topic with any other persons specially when men's are presents. Due to
which they never grow up its knowledge and confidence level. This can also give less knowledge
and proper information to protect hygienic factors.
This is good thing to express the issues and taking corrective action plans against
Menstrual hygiene management is the big issues that affect health and educational achievement
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of women and girls of reproductive age suggested by Mahon, Tripathy and Singh, (2015).
However, In India rural area is completely not informed about the menstruation.
This article supported to think that it is all about senseless and annoying thing which
happened with girls. Due to lack of education and improper resources about personal hygiene.
Article 4 : “Putting the Men's in Menstruation”.
This article given by Manjit Gill and John Harvey on the topic of Putting the Men's In
Menstruation. That helps to summarize the Mens perception on menstruation. It helps to make
men's more aware about the safety needs required by the organization.
Summary of this article is that Good things in this article is According to the perception
of men depends on the actions of the women in their family, it means without the cooperation or
support of men women cannot faces that challenges.
Good things in this overall summary is that, stigma of menstruation that wife and mother
of sanitary pad inventor Arunchalam Muruganatham. According to Mason and et.al., (2017),
Menstruation is still facing social, cultural and religious issues and problems rather in the context
of resources or education. Overall, it brings new process and task making performance level. In
terms of challenges women faces in terms of lacking resources such as Hygienic sanitary
napkins. In the context of rural areas of India are using unhygienic products such as wood
shaving, low quality of cottons, grass etc. the rural overview or picture still grim and lower. It
gives negative impact on the health issues of women's which is not good or healthy for others as
well (Holistic approach, collective action needed to address menstruation issues of rural women,
2017). Another challenges women's faced that is lack last mile access.
This article support that women are required to use all resources for protecting better
hygiene factors. women's are not getting sanitary napkins within their approachable places. For
that, they all need to go far away to arrange new ones. Overall, it brings new challenges and
improper steamy of arranging sources and growth. Besides, lack of affordability is the another
issue facing by the women's in the context of lack of affordability. It has been seen that there are
significant roles of proper sanitation while women's are suffering from periods.
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Article 5 : We do not Know': a qualitative study exploring boys perception of menstruation in
India.
This topic has been given by the Linda Mason, that helps to provide better depth
knowledge of presenting deeper knowledge of qualitative study that helps to know the boys'
perception of menstruation In India.
This article summaries the boys' perception of menstruation. According to nature living
in a society in which the respectability of a family revolves around shame and where standards of
this shame is based primarily around the behavior of women. Comparatively, girls perception is
high as compare to boys. Overall, there are many boys who understand this situation and having
great knowledge about this matter of fact. It gives positive impact that impact on the behavior of
better things and growth suggested by Newman and Wolfgang, (2017). Boys said that
menstruation is a natural process that is spoken about is hushed tones by girls and women as a
female issues. Besides, there are some boys who understand periods and get happy to make
aware about its hygienic point of views.
Advantages of this process is that, it brings new better opportunity and growth in order to
meet the needs of health issues suggested by McDowell, (2018). Overall, makes good impression
on the behavior of women's. It has been seen that women are having their own planning and
strategies to handle this period time.
In spite of that, this article support Globally, these strategies vary greatly due to the
personal preferences. Apart from that, it will also give necessary impact on the women life.
Menstrual beliefs, knowledge, practices were all interrelated content with menstrual hygiene
management according to women's safety needs. Comparatively, girls perception is high as
compare to boys.
Article 6: To understand the need base importance of creating awareness about mensuration in
both males and females.
This article has been given by Racey and et.al., (2016), awareness is very much essential
for the organization is that to make environment more positive and hygienic. On 28th May, the
whole world were celebrated international Menstrual Hygiene Day.
Summary of this article is that, It has been observed that, story of menstruation is
incomplete without a piece of cloth, and understanding the challenges of different segments of
women in our society. It is very much important now to get knowledge about the menstruation
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