Graduate Diploma in Child and Family Health Nursing Literature Review

This literature review explores the significant impact of parental substance abuse on parent-infant mental health, drawing from a robust review of current research. The review examines the importance of the topic, search strategies, and critical analysis of the literature, focusing on how substance abuse negatively affects children and their parents. It highlights issues such as negativism, parental irregularity, and the use of self-medication as coping mechanisms. The review also delves into the implications for child and family health and mental health nursing practices, emphasizing the need for awareness, medication, and supportive activities to aid recovery. The conclusion stresses the importance of a positive home environment and appropriate parental behavior to foster healthy parent-infant relationships and to mitigate the adverse effects of substance abuse. The review cites various sources including books, journals, and online reports to support its findings.

Mental Health
Nursing Parent-infant
Mental Health
Literature Review

INTRODUCTION.....................................................................................................................................3
MAIN BODY............................................................................................................................................3
Significance of topic...........................................................................................................................3
Search strategy and identification of literature ................................................................................3
Critical analysis of the literature........................................................................................................4
Implications for Child and Family Health or Mental Health nursing practice.....................................5
CONCLUSION.........................................................................................................................................6
REFERENCES..........................................................................................................................................7

INTRODUCTION
Practices and behaviour of parents have wide impact on their infants in both positive
as well as negative manner. Thus, substance abuse is the practices which conduct by parents
and have wide impact in negative manner on their infants (Seitz and et. al., 2019). Moreover,
substance abuse is related to the harmful as well as hazardous utilisation of psychoactive
substances. Here, substances include alcohol, illicit drugs and several others. This report will
be going to discuss how substance abuse give impact on parents and their infants relation
(Carver and et. al., 2017). Furthermore, it is divided in several sections such as importance of
topic, research strategy and recognition of literature, analysing essentials of literature as well
as implication for child and family health or mental health nursing practices.
MAIN BODY
Significance of topic
Substance abuse is most common practices which founded in 9 out of 10 families and
this give major impact on children in negative manner. According to the view pint of Rachel
and et. al., 2020 it has been determined that, Parents who are involved in substance use and
experience of an SUD result in giving negative impact on children. Along with this, it also
results in negative impact on lowering socioeconomic status in society as well as enhancing
difficulties within social setting and family functions (CHILDREN LIVING WITH PARENTS
WHO HAVE A SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER, 2017). Kids those parents are suffering from
SUD are in danger of experiencing direct impacts, for example, parental abuseness or
ignorance, or collateral impacts, for example, family facing economical imbalance. Earlier
explorations shows that negative impacts of parent SUDs may create impact on kids of SUD
parents that is may lead to illegal medication. In addition to this, on the basis of Survey on
Drug Use and Health at national level from 2009 to 2014 , it has been determined that about
more than 8 million children of age limit not more than 17 are residing in house with at least
one such parent had substance abuse. Moreover, it is characterized through utilisation of
alcohol as well as many other drugs which result in impairment at wide level (Brown and
Shillington, 2017). Furthermore, 1 in 10 children are living in such house which have at least
one parent who consume alcohol in past year. In simple term it can be said that, there are
numerous children who are going through substance abuse and it is important to take major
step in relation of same so that better outcomes will gain in effective manner.

Research strategy and Recognition of literature
Substance abuse is major issue which reflect relation of children and their parents in
negative manner. Along with this, it has several other issues also negative social status,
negative behaviour of children and several other (Rhemtulla and et. al., 2016) . There are
several practices which parents do with children after consumption of substance and these
have negative impact on children. explanation of these are as follows :-
• Negativism – Bascially it refers to the tendancy to be negative in attitude which leads
to disappointment. The normal state of mind of the family units are unhappy and
negative, so positive aspects even didn't get noticed. In such families, the best way to
reduce negative impact is to create happy and positive enviornment in the near
surroundings to make familes feel better (Kazemi and et. al., 2017). This cynicism
will help in strengthen the substance misuse.
• Irregularity of Parents – Rules are not followed, requirement is conflicting, and family
structure is insufficient. Youngesters are facing problem in identifying what is good
and what is band for them. Accordingly, they may carry expectation of getting their
limits characterized (Milligan, Meixner and Usher, 2017). Without knowing nature,
kids can't anticipate parental reactions on particular situation and change their conduct
as per requirments. These irregularities will in general be available whether or not the
individual abuse substances is a parent or childerns and they make a feeling of
disarray—a key factor—in the kids.
• Miscarried expression of anger - Kids or guardians who dislike their sincerely denied
home and are reluctant to communicate their shock use sedate maltreatment as one
approach to deal with their subdued displeasure (Groenman, Janssen and Oosterlaan,
2017).
• Self‐medication - Either a parent or youngster will utilize medications or liquor to
adapt to horrendous contemplations or sentiments, for example, serious nervousness
or misery.
These mention are major issues which children face when one of their parent consume
substances as well as all these result in negative impact of children at wide level (Babor and
et. al., 2017). Although substance abuse in major issue now a days find in every family

because one of the parent consume substance which have negative impact on children and
their behaviour as well as relation with parents also.
Critical analysis of the literature
Theme 1: Children’s are facing substance abuse
There are numerous children who are facing issue related to substance abuse because
in families one of the parents consume alcohol and several other type of drugs. In addition to
this, substance abuse is most common practices which founded in 9 out of 10 families and
this give major impact on children in negative manner (Bondurant, Lindo and Swensen,
2018). According to the data of 2009 to 2014 data of national Survey on Drug Use and
Health, it has been determined that about 8.7 million children aged of 17 or younger then that
are living in house with at least one such parent had substance abuse. Moreover, it is
characterized through utilisation of alcohol as well as many other drugs which result in
impairment at wide level. Furthermore, 1 in 10 children are living in such house which have
at least one parent who consume alcohol in past year. In simple term it can be said that, there
are numerous children who are going through substance abuse and it is important to take
major step in relation of same so that better outcomes will gain in effective manner (Leban
and Gibson, 2020).
Theme2: Negative practices happen with children due to substance abuse
Substance include alcohol and other drugs after consuming these behaviours of
individual get change and they started reacting in negative manner towards different situation
and children or other family members (Giordano and et. al., 2016). Such as Negativism,
Parental irregularity, Miscarried expression of anger as well as Self‐medication. When all
this happen with an children their behaviour get change automatically and started getting
separate from family members.
Implications for Child and Family Health or Mental Health nursing practice
It is important for individual to get proper treatment who are involve in substance
abuse so that they can come out of it as well as get treated in effective manner so that better
outcomes will gain in effective manner. There are several nursing practices in relation of
child and family health which individual require explanation of these are as follows :-
• It is important firstly to make aware individual that what negative impact substance
consumption have so they try to avoid it (Maguire-Jack and Showalter, 2016).

Because they get aware about it negative impact on their health as well as also on
relation with family members.
• In addition to this, it is important to involve patient in medication so they will able to
focus on treatment in effective manner as well as medicines will result in gaining
positive outcomes along with medication.
• Most important is that particular person who are involve in substance abuse should
have to get involve in other activities which provide assistance in overcoming with
substance consumption (Kuppens and et. al., 2020). These activities are medication,
yoga, gym, gaming and several other activities which are effective for individual.
These are major nursing practices which provide assistance in overcoming with situation of
substance abuse in effective manner and positive outcomes will gain in better manner (Rusby
and et. al., 2018). Although, it is important to select suitable nursing practices so that patient
will get improve their condition in effective manner. In simple term it can be said that, there
are numerous children who are going through substance abuse and it is important to take
major step in relation of same so that better outcomes will gain in effective manner.
CONCLUSION
After going through overall discussion, it has been concluded that for parents it is
important to maintain good atmosphere at home as well as behave in positive manner within
children. Because negative behaviour as well as in appropriate practices within infants result
in developing negative behaviour of children. Along with this, they have behaved same with
others as well as will conduct same practices. In addition to this, there are several major
issues which children face when one of their parents consume substance Such as Negativism,
Parental irregularity, Miscarried expression of anger as well as Self‐medication. When all
this happen with a child their behaviour gets change automatically and started getting
separate from family members.

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Seitz, N. N. and et. al., 2019. Trends in substance use and related disorders: Analysis of the
epidemiological survey of substance abuse 1995 to 2018. Deutsches Ärzteblatt
International. 116(35-36), p.585.
Rhemtulla, M. and et. al., 2016. Network analysis of substance abuse and dependence
symptoms. Drug and alcohol dependence. 161, pp.230-237.
Kazemi, D. M. and et. al., 2017. A systematic review of the mHealth interventions to prevent
alcohol and substance abuse. Journal of health communication, 22(5), pp.413-432.
Groenman, A. P., Janssen, T. W. and Oosterlaan, J., 2017. Childhood psychiatric disorders as
risk factor for subsequent substance abuse: a meta-analysis. Journal of the American
Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry. 56(7), pp.556-569.
Babor, T. F., Del Boca, F. and Bray, J. W., 2017. Screening, brief intervention and referral to
treatment: implications of SAMHSA's SBIRT initiative for substance abuse policy
and practice. Addiction, 112, pp.110-117.
Birtel, M. D., Wood, L. and Kempa, N. J., 2017. Stigma and social support in substance
abuse: Implications for mental health and well-being. Psychiatry Research, 252,
pp.1-8.
Bondurant, S. R., Lindo, J. M. and Swensen, I. D., 2018. Substance abuse treatment centers
and local crime. Journal of Urban Economics. 104, pp.124-133.
Giordano, A. L. and et. al., 2016. Addressing trauma in substance abuse treatment. Journal of
Alcohol and Drug Education. 60(2), p.55.
Maguire-Jack, K. and Showalter, K., 2016. The protective effect of neighborhood social
cohesion in child abuse and neglect. Child abuse & neglect. 52, pp.29-37.
Kuppens, S. and et. al., 2020. The enduring effects of parental alcohol, tobacco, and drug use
on child well-being: A multilevel meta-analysis. Development and
psychopathology, 32(2), pp.765-778.
Rusby, J. C. and et. al., 2018. Influence of parent–youth relationship, parental monitoring,
and parent substance use on adolescent substance use onset. Journal of family
psychology, 32(3), p.310.
Carver, H. and et. al., 2017. Parent–child connectedness and communication in relation to
alcohol, tobacco and drug use in adolescence: An integrative review of the
literature. Drugs: education, prevention and policy, 24(2), pp.119-133.
Brown, S. M. and Shillington, A. M., 2017. Childhood adversity and the risk of substance use
and delinquency: The role of protective adult relationships. Child Abuse &
Neglect, 63, pp.211-221.
Milligan, K., Meixner, T. and Usher, A., 2017. A research perspective on substance abuse in
families. Contemporary Families at the Nexus of Research and Practice, p.127.

Leban, L. and Gibson, C. L., 2020. The role of gender in the relationship between adverse
childhood experiences and delinquency and substance use in adolescence. Journal of
Criminal Justice, 66, p.101637.
Online
CHILDREN LIVING WITH PARENTS WHO HAVE A SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER, 2017.
[Online].Available through<
https://www.samhsa.gov/data/sites/default/files/report_3223/ShortReport-3223.html>