University Essay: Recovery Principles in Mental Health Practice
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This essay delves into the significance of recovery principles in mental health practice, contrasting them with traditional biomedical models. It begins by outlining the historical evolution of mental health treatment, highlighting the shift from institutionalization to recovery-oriented approaches in Australia. The essay examines the limitations of the biomedical model, which emphasizes biological factors and pharmacological interventions, while overlooking social and individual challenges. It then explores the principles of recovery, including individual uniqueness, real choices, rights and attitudes, respect and dignity, and communication and partnerships. The paper also discusses factors influencing recovery, such as cultural, religious, and spiritual aspects, as well as societal barriers. Finally, the essay addresses challenges in implementing recovery-oriented practices, particularly for culturally diverse groups like Indigenous Australians, and emphasizes the importance of cultural competency. The assignment provides a comprehensive overview of the recovery model and its implications for effective mental health care.
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Running head: RECOVERY IN MENTAL HEALTH PRACTICE
RECOVERY IN MENTAL HEALTH PRACTICE
Name of the Student:
Name of the University:
Author note:
RECOVERY IN MENTAL HEALTH PRACTICE
Name of the Student:
Name of the University:
Author note:
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1RECOVERY IN MENTAL HEALTH PRACTICE
Introduction
Mental health issues in individuals are caused due to a range of factors associated at the
individual, social, emotional, psychological, familial and the environmental level. For this
reason, health professionals specializing in mental health services are recommended to deliver
care which is comprehensive, holistic, patient centered and adopts a strength-based approach
(Cleary et al. 2017). However, traditional treatment approaches and models associated with the
evaluation of mental health disorders have been found to emphasize extensively on pathological
causes while overlooking additional associated factors mentioned above. Further, individuals
with mental health disorders encounter a range of stigmatized and stereotyped perceptions by the
society, which in turn, paves the way for mental health diseases being viewed as ‘incurable’,
‘disempowering’ and ‘abnormal’ (Crowe and Deane 2018). Considering the prevalence of such
issues, the recovery model is considered as a holistic, strengths-based and client centered
approach to mental health treatment in comparison to traditional treatment models (Slade, Oades
and Jarden 2017). The following paper will thus discuss on the role of the principles of recovery
in ensuring effective mental health practice and treatment across health professionals and clients.
Discussion
History of Mental Health Treatment
Australia has been evidenced to be one of the leading nations worldwide, to possess an
effective set of infrastructure, policies and expertise, pertaining to reform and management of
mental health issues in individuals. However, it has been evidenced that such was not the
situation in the past (Pincus et al. 2016). Initially, after the arrival of the first fleet of immigrants
to the continent in the year 1788, individuals with mental health issues were perceived as
Introduction
Mental health issues in individuals are caused due to a range of factors associated at the
individual, social, emotional, psychological, familial and the environmental level. For this
reason, health professionals specializing in mental health services are recommended to deliver
care which is comprehensive, holistic, patient centered and adopts a strength-based approach
(Cleary et al. 2017). However, traditional treatment approaches and models associated with the
evaluation of mental health disorders have been found to emphasize extensively on pathological
causes while overlooking additional associated factors mentioned above. Further, individuals
with mental health disorders encounter a range of stigmatized and stereotyped perceptions by the
society, which in turn, paves the way for mental health diseases being viewed as ‘incurable’,
‘disempowering’ and ‘abnormal’ (Crowe and Deane 2018). Considering the prevalence of such
issues, the recovery model is considered as a holistic, strengths-based and client centered
approach to mental health treatment in comparison to traditional treatment models (Slade, Oades
and Jarden 2017). The following paper will thus discuss on the role of the principles of recovery
in ensuring effective mental health practice and treatment across health professionals and clients.
Discussion
History of Mental Health Treatment
Australia has been evidenced to be one of the leading nations worldwide, to possess an
effective set of infrastructure, policies and expertise, pertaining to reform and management of
mental health issues in individuals. However, it has been evidenced that such was not the
situation in the past (Pincus et al. 2016). Initially, after the arrival of the first fleet of immigrants
to the continent in the year 1788, individuals with mental health issues were perceived as
2RECOVERY IN MENTAL HEALTH PRACTICE
‘insane’ and undeserving of humane treatment. For this reason, such individuals were placed in
locked lodgings, along with criminals and convicts. It is only after the establishment of the first
facility delivering psychiatric and mental health services in the year 1811, were individuals with
mental health issues given a separate institution (Fletcher et al. 2019). However, reports
continued to prevail concerning the abuse of patients residing in such facilities. Such issues
marked the deinstitutionalization of mental health services towards the 1990s which paved the
way for the development of a range of national mental healthcare plans from 1992 (Sutton et al.
2017). With this respect, the ‘National framework for recovery-oriented mental health services’
was developed by the Department of Health and Australian Health Ministers' Advisory Council
(AHMAC) in the year 2014 for directing mental health professionals on the need to adopt a
recovery oriented approach during the deliverance of mental health services (Department of
Health 2014).
While the development of such national frameworks demonstrate nation-wide awareness
concerning the need to adopt comprehensive mental health care plans and practice interventions,
Australia’ history of societal perceptions concerning mental health institutions demonstrate how
mental illnesses have been stigmatized and discriminated since historical times (Rickwood and
Thomas 2017).
Bio-Medical Model
Adoption of a recovery approach has been a relatively recent change in current mental
health practice in Australia. Initially, the traditional bio-medical was used to dictate health
professionals on the approach to be adopted during mental health patient management (Beckett
2017). According to the bio-medical model, illness is caused as a range of pathological factors at
the physiological level. For this reason, treatment, as per the recovery approach, must be target
‘insane’ and undeserving of humane treatment. For this reason, such individuals were placed in
locked lodgings, along with criminals and convicts. It is only after the establishment of the first
facility delivering psychiatric and mental health services in the year 1811, were individuals with
mental health issues given a separate institution (Fletcher et al. 2019). However, reports
continued to prevail concerning the abuse of patients residing in such facilities. Such issues
marked the deinstitutionalization of mental health services towards the 1990s which paved the
way for the development of a range of national mental healthcare plans from 1992 (Sutton et al.
2017). With this respect, the ‘National framework for recovery-oriented mental health services’
was developed by the Department of Health and Australian Health Ministers' Advisory Council
(AHMAC) in the year 2014 for directing mental health professionals on the need to adopt a
recovery oriented approach during the deliverance of mental health services (Department of
Health 2014).
While the development of such national frameworks demonstrate nation-wide awareness
concerning the need to adopt comprehensive mental health care plans and practice interventions,
Australia’ history of societal perceptions concerning mental health institutions demonstrate how
mental illnesses have been stigmatized and discriminated since historical times (Rickwood and
Thomas 2017).
Bio-Medical Model
Adoption of a recovery approach has been a relatively recent change in current mental
health practice in Australia. Initially, the traditional bio-medical was used to dictate health
professionals on the approach to be adopted during mental health patient management (Beckett
2017). According to the bio-medical model, illness is caused as a range of pathological factors at
the physiological level. For this reason, treatment, as per the recovery approach, must be target
3RECOVERY IN MENTAL HEALTH PRACTICE
the biological and physiological causes of diseases and thus, comprises of the usage of
medications. The effectiveness of the bio-medical model of illness lies in the need to ensure that
the pharmacological interventions so used were evidence-based and clinically proven to be
effective (Giacaman 2018).
However, despite its historical effectiveness, the recovery approach has also been
criticized for a number of reasons. Firstly, mental illnesses are caused due to a range of social
factors in addition to biological causes, thus necessitating the need to adopt a holistic mental
health care plan. However such factors are completely overlooked by the biomedical model
(Arias et al. 2016). Further, the individualistic approach adopted by the bio-medical approach is
also disadvantageous because it demonstrates the perception that individuals lack the ability to
overcome mental illness and must rely on pharmacological intervention. Additionally, the
excessive emphasis placed on treatment instead of preventive strategies, results in the
overlooking of the importance of client centeredness, empowerment and empathy in mental
illness recovery by the biomedical model (Bayetti, Jadhav and Jain 2016).
Individual and Societal Challenges
The history of mental health service development and the importance placed on
traditional biomedical models are indicative of the range of personal and societal challenges
individuals with lived experiences encounter frequently. One of the key societal challenges
encountered by such individuals is social stigma. Such individuals have been historically
regarded as ‘insane’ with an illness which is possibly incurable and feared (Michaels et al.
2017). Such perceptions have been historically in alignment with the principles of the biomedical
model which perceive mental illness as a cause of biological abnormalities. For this reason, a key
challenge faced by individuals with mental health illness is the societal perception that their
the biological and physiological causes of diseases and thus, comprises of the usage of
medications. The effectiveness of the bio-medical model of illness lies in the need to ensure that
the pharmacological interventions so used were evidence-based and clinically proven to be
effective (Giacaman 2018).
However, despite its historical effectiveness, the recovery approach has also been
criticized for a number of reasons. Firstly, mental illnesses are caused due to a range of social
factors in addition to biological causes, thus necessitating the need to adopt a holistic mental
health care plan. However such factors are completely overlooked by the biomedical model
(Arias et al. 2016). Further, the individualistic approach adopted by the bio-medical approach is
also disadvantageous because it demonstrates the perception that individuals lack the ability to
overcome mental illness and must rely on pharmacological intervention. Additionally, the
excessive emphasis placed on treatment instead of preventive strategies, results in the
overlooking of the importance of client centeredness, empowerment and empathy in mental
illness recovery by the biomedical model (Bayetti, Jadhav and Jain 2016).
Individual and Societal Challenges
The history of mental health service development and the importance placed on
traditional biomedical models are indicative of the range of personal and societal challenges
individuals with lived experiences encounter frequently. One of the key societal challenges
encountered by such individuals is social stigma. Such individuals have been historically
regarded as ‘insane’ with an illness which is possibly incurable and feared (Michaels et al.
2017). Such perceptions have been historically in alignment with the principles of the biomedical
model which perceive mental illness as a cause of biological abnormalities. For this reason, a key
challenge faced by individuals with mental health illness is the societal perception that their
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4RECOVERY IN MENTAL HEALTH PRACTICE
issues limit their ability to feel empowered and responsible over their own lives (DeLuca and
Yanos 2016).
Additionally, cultural stereotyping is a key challenge encountered by individuals with
mental health issues. Ethnically diverse communities such as Indigenous minority groups have
encountered a history of discrimination which has resulted in such communities experiencing
issues pertaining to the accessibility, affordability and cultural sensitivity of existing mental
health services (Wylie and McConkey 2019). Indeed, it has been reported by the Australian
Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW 2015) that one of a group of three Indigenous Australians
continue to suffer from mental health illnesses, despite the prevalence of such comprehensive
national mental health frameworks in the nation.
Principles of Recovery
As per recommendations of the Department of Health, the following are the principles to
be kept in mind for the purpose of effective recovery based mental health practice (Department
of Health 2013):
Individuals’ Uniqueness: As per the recovery model, mental health issues are not
restricted to merely treatment but must also be viewed positively as an opportunity to find
meaning, satisfaction, value and a purpose in life and society. Additionally, the recovery
approach also empowers clients to guide their own journey of recovery and recognizes
that health professionals must understand that every individual’s recovery journey is
unique and hence, must be free of generalizations.
Choices which are real: As per this principle of the recovery model, and individual’s
recovery must be based on his or her personal strengths which will further empower the
issues limit their ability to feel empowered and responsible over their own lives (DeLuca and
Yanos 2016).
Additionally, cultural stereotyping is a key challenge encountered by individuals with
mental health issues. Ethnically diverse communities such as Indigenous minority groups have
encountered a history of discrimination which has resulted in such communities experiencing
issues pertaining to the accessibility, affordability and cultural sensitivity of existing mental
health services (Wylie and McConkey 2019). Indeed, it has been reported by the Australian
Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW 2015) that one of a group of three Indigenous Australians
continue to suffer from mental health illnesses, despite the prevalence of such comprehensive
national mental health frameworks in the nation.
Principles of Recovery
As per recommendations of the Department of Health, the following are the principles to
be kept in mind for the purpose of effective recovery based mental health practice (Department
of Health 2013):
Individuals’ Uniqueness: As per the recovery model, mental health issues are not
restricted to merely treatment but must also be viewed positively as an opportunity to find
meaning, satisfaction, value and a purpose in life and society. Additionally, the recovery
approach also empowers clients to guide their own journey of recovery and recognizes
that health professionals must understand that every individual’s recovery journey is
unique and hence, must be free of generalizations.
Choices which are real: As per this principle of the recovery model, and individual’s
recovery must be based on his or her personal strengths which will further empower the
5RECOVERY IN MENTAL HEALTH PRACTICE
client to design their own mental health recovery needs and undertake personal
responsibility of progressing through the journey of recovery.
Right and attitudes: The recovery model necessitates the importance of ensuring open
and continuous communication between healthcare professionals and clients concerning
the development of a mental healthcare care plan compliant to the client’s needs and
strengths. Such a person centered plan must be respectful of the individual’s human and
legal rights and must also consider the inclusion of meaningful vocational, social and
recreational activities.
Respect and Dignity: As per this recovery based principle, healthcare professionals must
ensure that the recovery plan is free from discrimination, is respectful of the individual’s
cultural and spiritual values and incorporates opportunities for continuous interpersonal
communication.
Communication and partnerships: Recovery must be essentially practiced in a person
centered manner where realistic care plan interventions are designed in alignment with
the client’s personal objectives, dreams, hopes and values.
Evaluation of recovery: The recovery oriented care plan must undergo continuous
evaluation with active participation by the client in terms of his or her deterioration or
progress across areas like employment, housing, social, education, health, family and
wellbeing.
Factors influencing Recovery
The following factors play a key role in influencing an individual’s journey of recovery
(Department of Health 2013):
An individual’s cultural, religious and spiritual factors which define his or her identity.
client to design their own mental health recovery needs and undertake personal
responsibility of progressing through the journey of recovery.
Right and attitudes: The recovery model necessitates the importance of ensuring open
and continuous communication between healthcare professionals and clients concerning
the development of a mental healthcare care plan compliant to the client’s needs and
strengths. Such a person centered plan must be respectful of the individual’s human and
legal rights and must also consider the inclusion of meaningful vocational, social and
recreational activities.
Respect and Dignity: As per this recovery based principle, healthcare professionals must
ensure that the recovery plan is free from discrimination, is respectful of the individual’s
cultural and spiritual values and incorporates opportunities for continuous interpersonal
communication.
Communication and partnerships: Recovery must be essentially practiced in a person
centered manner where realistic care plan interventions are designed in alignment with
the client’s personal objectives, dreams, hopes and values.
Evaluation of recovery: The recovery oriented care plan must undergo continuous
evaluation with active participation by the client in terms of his or her deterioration or
progress across areas like employment, housing, social, education, health, family and
wellbeing.
Factors influencing Recovery
The following factors play a key role in influencing an individual’s journey of recovery
(Department of Health 2013):
An individual’s cultural, religious and spiritual factors which define his or her identity.
6RECOVERY IN MENTAL HEALTH PRACTICE
An individual’s views and perceptions regarding his or her views of self and his or her
relationship with the broad community.
Previous lived experiences pertaining to trauma, illness, discrimination and loss.
An individual’s explanation, personal definitions and views pertaining to illness,
recovery, health and wellbeing.
The prevalence of social or financial barriers pertaining to acquisition of recovery
oriented mental health service.
The nature of health professional’s perceptions, beliefs, knowledge, understanding and
values pertaining to therapeutic relationships.
Issues in Mental Health Recovery
Despite the comprehensive nature of the recovery model and the prevalence of
nationwide recovery care frameworks, culturally diverse minority groups, such as Indigenous
Australians, continue to encounter greater prevalence of mental health issues. Indigenous
Australians continue to be discriminated against which further affects their ability to flourish in
employment and educational sectors as well as in the procurement of healthcare services
(Gopalkrishnan 2018). There is thus a need for healthcare professionals to consider such factors
when engaging in a recovery oriented practice with Indigenous Australians. There is also a need
to engage in cultural competency in order to ensure the deliverance of culturally sensitive
recovery practices (Ronningstam et al. 2018).
Conclusion
This paper thus provides and extensive and elaborate discussion concerning the principles
of recovery and the role of a recovery oriented mental health practice in the treatment of mental
health illnesses in individuals. The effectiveness of the recovery model lies in its adoption of a
An individual’s views and perceptions regarding his or her views of self and his or her
relationship with the broad community.
Previous lived experiences pertaining to trauma, illness, discrimination and loss.
An individual’s explanation, personal definitions and views pertaining to illness,
recovery, health and wellbeing.
The prevalence of social or financial barriers pertaining to acquisition of recovery
oriented mental health service.
The nature of health professional’s perceptions, beliefs, knowledge, understanding and
values pertaining to therapeutic relationships.
Issues in Mental Health Recovery
Despite the comprehensive nature of the recovery model and the prevalence of
nationwide recovery care frameworks, culturally diverse minority groups, such as Indigenous
Australians, continue to encounter greater prevalence of mental health issues. Indigenous
Australians continue to be discriminated against which further affects their ability to flourish in
employment and educational sectors as well as in the procurement of healthcare services
(Gopalkrishnan 2018). There is thus a need for healthcare professionals to consider such factors
when engaging in a recovery oriented practice with Indigenous Australians. There is also a need
to engage in cultural competency in order to ensure the deliverance of culturally sensitive
recovery practices (Ronningstam et al. 2018).
Conclusion
This paper thus provides and extensive and elaborate discussion concerning the principles
of recovery and the role of a recovery oriented mental health practice in the treatment of mental
health illnesses in individuals. The effectiveness of the recovery model lies in its adoption of a
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7RECOVERY IN MENTAL HEALTH PRACTICE
client-centered, holistic view of mental illness treatment which have otherwise been overlooked
since historical times. To conclude, considering the prevalence of cultural stereotyping, health
professional must actively engage in the practice of culturally competent recovery services.
client-centered, holistic view of mental illness treatment which have otherwise been overlooked
since historical times. To conclude, considering the prevalence of cultural stereotyping, health
professional must actively engage in the practice of culturally competent recovery services.
8RECOVERY IN MENTAL HEALTH PRACTICE
References
AIHW, 2015. The health and welfare of Australia’s Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander
peoples: 2015, Health and disability key points - Australian Institute of Health and Welfare.
[online] Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. Available at:
https://www.aihw.gov.au/reports/indigenous-health-welfare/indigenous-health-welfare-2015/
contents/health-disability-key-points [Accessed 10 Jan. 2020].
Arias, D., Taylor, L., Ofori-Atta, A. and Bradley, E.H., 2016. Prayer camps and biomedical care
in Ghana: Is collaboration in mental health care possible?. PloS one, 11(9), p.e0162305.
Bayetti, C., Jadhav, S.S. and Jain, S., 2016. The re-covering self: a critique of the recovery-based
approach in India's mental health care. Disability and the Global South, 3(1), pp.889-909.
Beckett, J., 2017. Evaluating Some of the Approaches: Biomedical Versus Alternative
Perspectives in Understanding Mental Health. Journal of Psychiatry and Psychiatric
Disorders, 1(2), pp.103-107.
Cleary, M., Lees, D., Molloy, L., Escott, P. and Sayers, J., 2017. Recovery-oriented care and
leadership in mental health nursing. Issues in mental health nursing, 38(5), pp.458-460.
Crowe, S. and Deane, F., 2018. Characteristics of mental health recovery model implementation
and managers’ and clinicians’ risk aversion. The Journal of Mental Health Training, Education
and Practice, 13(1), pp.22-33.
DeLuca, J.S. and Yanos, P.T., 2016. Managing the terror of a dangerous world: Political attitudes
as predictors of mental health stigma. International journal of social psychiatry, 62(1), pp.21-30.
References
AIHW, 2015. The health and welfare of Australia’s Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander
peoples: 2015, Health and disability key points - Australian Institute of Health and Welfare.
[online] Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. Available at:
https://www.aihw.gov.au/reports/indigenous-health-welfare/indigenous-health-welfare-2015/
contents/health-disability-key-points [Accessed 10 Jan. 2020].
Arias, D., Taylor, L., Ofori-Atta, A. and Bradley, E.H., 2016. Prayer camps and biomedical care
in Ghana: Is collaboration in mental health care possible?. PloS one, 11(9), p.e0162305.
Bayetti, C., Jadhav, S.S. and Jain, S., 2016. The re-covering self: a critique of the recovery-based
approach in India's mental health care. Disability and the Global South, 3(1), pp.889-909.
Beckett, J., 2017. Evaluating Some of the Approaches: Biomedical Versus Alternative
Perspectives in Understanding Mental Health. Journal of Psychiatry and Psychiatric
Disorders, 1(2), pp.103-107.
Cleary, M., Lees, D., Molloy, L., Escott, P. and Sayers, J., 2017. Recovery-oriented care and
leadership in mental health nursing. Issues in mental health nursing, 38(5), pp.458-460.
Crowe, S. and Deane, F., 2018. Characteristics of mental health recovery model implementation
and managers’ and clinicians’ risk aversion. The Journal of Mental Health Training, Education
and Practice, 13(1), pp.22-33.
DeLuca, J.S. and Yanos, P.T., 2016. Managing the terror of a dangerous world: Political attitudes
as predictors of mental health stigma. International journal of social psychiatry, 62(1), pp.21-30.
9RECOVERY IN MENTAL HEALTH PRACTICE
Department of Health, 2013. A national framework for recovery-oriented mental health services.
[online] Www1.health.gov.au. Available at:
https://www1.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/content/67D17065514CF8E8CA257C1
D00017A90/$File/recovgde.pdf [Accessed 10 Jan. 2020].
Department of Health, 2014. Department of Health | National framework for recovery-oriented
mental health services. [online] Www1.health.gov.au. Available at:
https://www1.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/Content/mental-pubs-n-recovfra
[Accessed 10 Jan. 2020].
Fletcher, J., Brophy, L.M., Killaspy, H., Ennals, P., Hamilton, B., Collister, L., Hall, T. and
Harvey, C.A., 2019. Prevention and Recovery Care Services in Australia: Describing the role
and function of sub-acute recovery-based residential mental health services in
Victoria. Frontiers in psychiatry, 10, p.735.
Giacaman, R., 2018. Reframing public health in wartime: From the biomedical model to the
“wounds inside”. Journal of Palestine Studies, 47(2), pp.9-27.
Gopalkrishnan, N., 2018. Cultural diversity and mental health: Considerations for policy and
practice. Frontiers in public health, 6.
Michaels, P.J., López, M., Rüsch, N. and Corrigan, P.W., 2017. Constructs and concepts
comprising the stigma of mental illness. Psychology, Society, & Education, 4(2), pp.183-194.
Pincus, H.A., Spaeth-Rublee, B., Sara, G., Goldner, E.M., Prince, P.N., Ramanuj, P., Gaebel, W.,
Zielasek, J., Großimlinghaus, I., Wrigley, M. and van Weeghel, J., 2016. A review of mental
health recovery programs in selected industrialized countries. International journal of mental
health systems, 10(1), p.73.
Department of Health, 2013. A national framework for recovery-oriented mental health services.
[online] Www1.health.gov.au. Available at:
https://www1.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/content/67D17065514CF8E8CA257C1
D00017A90/$File/recovgde.pdf [Accessed 10 Jan. 2020].
Department of Health, 2014. Department of Health | National framework for recovery-oriented
mental health services. [online] Www1.health.gov.au. Available at:
https://www1.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/Content/mental-pubs-n-recovfra
[Accessed 10 Jan. 2020].
Fletcher, J., Brophy, L.M., Killaspy, H., Ennals, P., Hamilton, B., Collister, L., Hall, T. and
Harvey, C.A., 2019. Prevention and Recovery Care Services in Australia: Describing the role
and function of sub-acute recovery-based residential mental health services in
Victoria. Frontiers in psychiatry, 10, p.735.
Giacaman, R., 2018. Reframing public health in wartime: From the biomedical model to the
“wounds inside”. Journal of Palestine Studies, 47(2), pp.9-27.
Gopalkrishnan, N., 2018. Cultural diversity and mental health: Considerations for policy and
practice. Frontiers in public health, 6.
Michaels, P.J., López, M., Rüsch, N. and Corrigan, P.W., 2017. Constructs and concepts
comprising the stigma of mental illness. Psychology, Society, & Education, 4(2), pp.183-194.
Pincus, H.A., Spaeth-Rublee, B., Sara, G., Goldner, E.M., Prince, P.N., Ramanuj, P., Gaebel, W.,
Zielasek, J., Großimlinghaus, I., Wrigley, M. and van Weeghel, J., 2016. A review of mental
health recovery programs in selected industrialized countries. International journal of mental
health systems, 10(1), p.73.
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10RECOVERY IN MENTAL HEALTH PRACTICE
Rickwood, D.J. and Thomas, K.A., 2017. Recovery and Mental Health Care in Australia–A
Time of Change. Journal of Recovery in Mental Health, 1(1), pp.10-19.
Ronningstam, E.F., Keng, S.L., Ridolfi, M.E., Arbabi, M. and Grenyer, B.F., 2018. Cultural
aspects in symptomatology, assessment, and treatment of personality disorders. Current
psychiatry reports, 20(4), p.22.
Slade, M., Oades, L. and Jarden, A. eds., 2017. Wellbeing, recovery and mental health.
Cambridge University Press.
Sutton, K., Isaacs, A.N., Dalziel, K. and Maybery, D., 2017. Roles and competencies of the
support facilitator in Australia’s recovery-oriented mental health initiative: a qualitative study
from Gippsland, Victoria. Australian Health Review, 41(1), pp.91-97.
Wylie, L. and McConkey, S., 2019. Insiders’ insight: Discrimination against Indigenous peoples
through the eyes of health care professionals. Journal of racial and ethnic health
disparities, 6(1), pp.37-45.
Rickwood, D.J. and Thomas, K.A., 2017. Recovery and Mental Health Care in Australia–A
Time of Change. Journal of Recovery in Mental Health, 1(1), pp.10-19.
Ronningstam, E.F., Keng, S.L., Ridolfi, M.E., Arbabi, M. and Grenyer, B.F., 2018. Cultural
aspects in symptomatology, assessment, and treatment of personality disorders. Current
psychiatry reports, 20(4), p.22.
Slade, M., Oades, L. and Jarden, A. eds., 2017. Wellbeing, recovery and mental health.
Cambridge University Press.
Sutton, K., Isaacs, A.N., Dalziel, K. and Maybery, D., 2017. Roles and competencies of the
support facilitator in Australia’s recovery-oriented mental health initiative: a qualitative study
from Gippsland, Victoria. Australian Health Review, 41(1), pp.91-97.
Wylie, L. and McConkey, S., 2019. Insiders’ insight: Discrimination against Indigenous peoples
through the eyes of health care professionals. Journal of racial and ethnic health
disparities, 6(1), pp.37-45.
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