Mental Illness in Healthcare: Cost Analysis and Treatment Options

This report delves into the healthcare costs associated with mental illnesses, particularly psychological distress and depression. It examines various aspects, including the allocation of healthcare resources, the impact of socioeconomic status, and the prevalence of these disorders in different populations. The study references cohort studies and healthcare administrative databases to analyze the financial burden and treatment options. It also addresses the importance of early intervention, patient-centered care, and the role of factors like education and lifestyle in managing mental health. The report considers cost methodologies, per-capita costs, and the limitations of existing studies, providing a comprehensive overview of the challenges and potential solutions in mental healthcare management. The analysis includes a discussion on the direct revenue associated with healthcare management regarding psychological distress and depression, alongside limitations such as the exclusion of certain populations in the study. The report highlights the significance of mental health awareness and the impact of mental health on healthcare systems.

Running head: MENTAL ILLNESS IN HEALTH CARE
MENTAL ILLNESS IN HEALTH CARE
Name of the Student
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The paper has aimed to shed light on the healthcare costs that have been allocated for
the people with psychological disorders like distress and depression. The main keywords for
the articles based upon the survey on mental health and well being. The paper has discussed
about the health administrative databases regarding to the depression mainly (Chiu et al.,
2017). Another keyword is the allocation of health care resources in the psychological
distress. Also the paper is based upon the maintenance of high quality care in mental illness.
This paper has highlighted the depression as a major concern in mental illness.
Disorder refers to the psychological condition which has negative affect on the thought of the
patient. The most common symptom of the disorder indifference towards a various activities
(Gilbert, 2016). The people with major depressive disorder exclusively show psychological
distress. There are several psychological disorders that are closely related to clinical
depression such as anxiety, us social disorder and panic disorder (Gilbert, 2016). The factors
which can lead to depression include the chemical abnormality in the brain, genetically
transferred from one generation to another, personality of the patient and environmental
factors such as violence, abuse etc. (Gilbert, 2016). It is treatable and the treatment can be
provided by psychotherapy and medication (Gilbert, 2016). This article mainly supports the
population based cohort studies. According (Skosireva et al., 2014), this cohort studies
actually help to examine the costs of mental illness. However, according to some studies
there are drawbacks of both prospective and retrospective cohort studies. This paper has
focused on the mental distress associated with low sociological status. It is understood from
different studies that people with low social economic status are mostly affected by
depression while people with stable economic conditions are minutely affected by depression.
However, there are exceptions. Apart from the economic stability different studies reported
about the connection between living standard and depression (Freeman et al., 2016). It shows

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the study population in the criteria of improvement and reduction of mental condition (Chiu
et al., 2017).
In US below 20 percent adults has experienced a huge depressive episode in their live
for a certain time. National institute of mental health reported that around 17.3 million adults
in U.S. had suffered from depression in their lifetime. The prevalence of depression related
psychological changes are higher among adult females compared to males. Apart from that,
around 3.2 million adolesces had suffered from depression (National Institute of Mental
Health, 2017). However in Canada the prevalence was more than 12 percent (Chiu et al.,
2017). Hence, there were some causes in reduction of mentally depressed people in Canada.
However the chosen paper has not discussed about the difference between US and Canada
regarding their social depression.
Again the paper has focused on the individuals in primary care setting related to
psychiatric treatment. However it does not indicate the population based parameters.
According to, (Knaak, Mantler & Szeto, 2017), as a result the paper has successively
examined the people represented depression particularly those who do not look for health
services. Also it has indicated the studies having limitations due to the age, sex, lifestyles,
incomes and somatic illness. Apart from that, education regarding the disorder is also
important to avoid depression. Different studies reported that people who are well aware
about depression are generally involved in healthy habits such as exercise, nutritional food
consumption, adequate sleeping etc. These activities can reduce the chances of depression
(Schuch et al., 2016).
The paper did not indicate the cost comparison of MDD group of patient. However
this article has confided with the self-reported health care utilization. A successful evaluation
of the authentic intervention of the health sectors in the mental illness cases has been

3MENTAL ILLNESS IN HEALTH CARE
performed by this paper. Hence according to (Gabbidon et. al, 2013), it can be said that the
articles revealed the determination of the direct revenue associated with the health care
management regarding psychological distress and depression.
The method is used here for the study of the population of Canadian Community. The
main disadvantage of the survey is that the Indian Reserves and the Crown Land people in
Canada were excluded from the study. However the case study mentioned a valid card holder
number for the people and their house. Only the people with valid card number were included
in the study (Chiu et al., 2017). Hence it was also considered as a disadvantage because all
the community people were not examined fir the priority of mental illness (Hollis et al,.
2015).
Also this article has eventually described the legal definition of psychological distress,
depression and comparison with other community members regarding the serious mental
illness. According to (Hollis et al,. 2015), the article exclusively maintained the recent
version of World Health Organization (WHO) to describe the diagnostic interview of the
selected subjects from specific community. When the article has tried to shed light on the cost
estimation then the paper successively divide the estimation technique into two parts such as
Cost methodology and Per-Capita costs.
Now in case of cot methodology this paper eventually indicates the costs for doctor
visits, hospitalization, and palliative care treatment. The report has shown the importance of a
health administrative database in case of mental illness caring service. The paper focused the
billing process of a psychiatric patient admitted in the hospital , where it can be shown that
major parts of the bill of expenditure associated with the psychiatrists cost and MHA costs.
And as the basis of the event the paper also focused on the non-MHA costs. All the outpatient
physician costs were considered as these non-MHA costs. (Skosireva et al., 2014).

4MENTAL ILLNESS IN HEALTH CARE
However it can be argued that the articles did not define the per-capita costs
effectively. Because the paper estimate only the mean overall costs for the individual study
group. Now the average report is not accurate as it was just estimation. According to
(Angermeyer, M. C., Matschinger & Schomerus, 2013), this is the disadvantages of the report
in the evaluation of cost estimation for the mental illness caring service.
It is important to provide adequate care during treatment of depression. However,
hand the paper did not say anything about the patient centred care in the statistical analysis of
the outcome of the cost effectiveness. However the article has used a gamma model of
distribution for the outcomes of the non-zero costs. According to (Gabbidon et. al, 2013), it
can be said that the first part of the model has indicated the cost associated with probit model
and the second part has indicate the measurement of the level of costs among all the non-zero
costs.
The main advantage of the analysis is that here linear model has used for estimation
of cost methodology, where modified Park test is used. The paper has described the excess
cost as a difference between the cost of the each exposure group and the comparison group.
However according to (Hendrie et al., 2013), this paper has performed by the survey weights
to allow the generalizability to the total Ontario population and bootstrap methods.
Hence the paper successively estimated the adjustment of unadjusted multivariable
costs regarding with the help of proper multivariable-adjusted models. It can be concluded
that individual with psychological distress and depression cribbed similar per-capita direct
health management cost. The squatted rate of contact with healthcare management system in
between the patients with mental distress exclusively gives an opportunity for the individual
to be recognized the mental healthcare.

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