Research Methodology, Data Analysis, Findings, and Discussion Report

This report presents a comprehensive overview of research methodology, data analysis, and findings, focusing on a case study of Tesco. It begins with an introduction to research, defining its role in accumulating and evaluating data to understand a subject. The report details the research philosophy, contrasting positivism and interpretivism, and explains the chosen positivist approach. It then outlines the research design, emphasizing the use of a descriptive design, and the inductive research approach. The report further discusses the research type, specifically the qualitative approach, and the data collection methods, highlighting the use of surveys for gathering primary data. Secondary data sources are also mentioned. The report concludes with a discussion of sampling techniques and ethical considerations, providing a detailed analysis of the research process and its various components.

Methodology, Analysis and
Discussion

TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER- 3 RESEARCH METHDOLOGY ...............................................................................1
3.1 Introduction......................................................................................................................1
3.2 Research philosophy.........................................................................................................1
3.3 Research design................................................................................................................2
3.4 Research approach ...........................................................................................................3
3.5 Research type....................................................................................................................3
3.6 Data collection methods ..................................................................................................4
3.7 Sampling ..........................................................................................................................5
3.8 Data analysis.....................................................................................................................6
3.9 Reliability and validity of data.........................................................................................6
3.10 Research limitation.........................................................................................................7
3.11 Ethical consideration......................................................................................................7
CHAPTER- 4 DATA ANALYSIS..................................................................................................9
4.1 Introduction......................................................................................................................9
FINDINGS.......................................................................................................................................9
4.2 Qualitative analysis..........................................................................................................9
DISCUSSION ...............................................................................................................................16
REFERENCES .............................................................................................................................24
APPENDIX....................................................................................................................................26

CHAPTER- 3 RESEARCH METHDOLOGY
3.1 Introduction
The term research is regarded as the tool as well as chronological procedure associated
with accumulation, evaluation as well as analysis of varied data in order to attain understanding
regarding the subject which is taken into account (Grafton, Lillis and Mahama, 2011). Within
universal idiom research includes searching of the knowledge under particular heads. This is
considered as systematic as well as scientific enquiry associated with the information that pertain
over particular subject. This assist the people in attaining new facts as well as theories regarding
subject. In other words research methodology is considered as the path with which existing
issues can be addressed in effective manner. In the present investigation that aims at ascertaining
the ways through which green procurement strategies can be employed: case study of Tesco
several research methods have been employed. Justification regarding selection of particular tool
has been included in this section. As such this possess greater role in providing direction to the
investigation.
3.2 Research philosophy
The term research philosophy is one that can be referred to as the principle with which
data with respect to particular area of the investigation can be accumulated and used for the sake
of gaining suitable outcomes through it. In order to carry out investigation in desired way it is
important to replicate the enquiry modes through the engagement of suitable kind of research
philosophy (Grenway, 2008). The philosophy under investigation is categorized into two. This is
comprised of interpretivism as well as positivism. The later can be defined as the philosophy that
states reality is of stable nature which can be demonstrated or observed through the perspective
objectives under investigation. The particular philosophy is contended that facts needs to be
inaccessible and suitable observation are required to be made so as to attain suitable outcomes.
On the other hand interpretivism philosophy is not considered as one that is not
reasonable in accumulating entire understanding of specific subject matter. It possess that fact
that belief of person and psychology has significant role in attainment of understanding
regarding fact. This is being determined that reality is dependent on the nature as well as
behaviour of person and as per this data can be attained. Such to a greater extent is dependent on
qualitative information. In the present investigation positivism philosophy has been applied for
the sake of accumulating, evaluating and making assessment of the data in an effective manner

with the aim to attain appropriate outcome. The major aim of the present investigation is towards
development of risk management model which can be employed in order to achieve favourable
outcomes and such can attained by the means of employing positivism philosophy. Moreover
this assist in providing support in order to carry out systematic outcomes in addition with
developing meaningful through which investigation can be conducted with effectiveness.
3.3 Research design
The concept of research design is considered as the important elements that offers
assistance in attaining appropriate understanding as of subject matter discretion by the means of
effective analysis. This is regarded as methodical examination that provides understanding in
logical terms (Guercini, 2014). The major aim beside formulation of the design of investigation
is towards neglecting the probability towards misleading as well as inappropriate interpretation
of the information present for the sake of remaining on the correct track and making sure suitable
progress within the investigation. Further it offers assistance to the investigator in making
determination of the data that is gathered in order to assess in manner that is appropriate for
investigation. It provides response to the questions within the investigation in an effective
manner. The role of research design is effective in supporting the investigator to take suitable
decision under several heads that is collection of data, nature of information, technique of
sampling, methods for data analysis etc. There is presence of several research design that
includes exploratory, descriptive, experimental as well as case study.
Exploratory research design is one that is carried out over the issues on which the issues
are not being defined in clear terms. The major aim of the particular investigation is towards
gaining suitable ideas regarding the subject so that effective decisions can be developed. The
major aim is towards diagnosing the real issues that exists within the system so that rectification
can be done with suitable tools (Hill, 2007). Another one is the case study that aims at exploring
the principles underlying for the sake of gaining outcomes through this. On the other hand in
case of descriptive research design in depth insight can be gained with respect to topic through
use of empirical tools that is comprised of observation, survey as well as interview. In the present
research descriptive research design has been employed as it is effective for description of
qualitative form of information with which effective analysis can be done so as to gain suitable
outcomes.

3.4 Research approach
In research approach can be referred to as tool with which specific set of investigation
can be conducted in order to achieve outcomes in desired way. It provides assistance to the
researcher in carrying out the investigation in an effective manner without diversion from
objectives and aims set. Further it offer guidance to the investigator in order to entail towards
bringing improvement of continuous basis within the investigation so as to gain effective
outcomes (Hogg, 2008). Such is due to the reason that there is presence of scope of enhancement
at each point of the investigation because of human endeavours as well as associated factors.
Beside this approach is effective in offering support to emphasize on the area of investigation
and carrying out effective enquiry procedure. There is presence of two kind of research approach
that includes inductive and deductive.
The tool that is inductive approach can be considered as the tool wherein the data is
accumulated before that is associated with the particular area of the investigation so that analysis
can be carried out in order to attain theories with this (Kothari, 2011). This can be stated that
such practice starts with data collection which possess relevancy with the aim and objectives of
investigation. Moreover its analysis is entailed in order to devise theories which is associated
with subject. In contrast to this deductive approach is one in which specific set of theories is
considered in relation to particular problem so that suitable practice can be executed in an
effective manner. In the present investigation application of inductive research approach has
been done. As such it possess effectiveness in obtaining better results. Also it is effective in
providing assistance towards attainment of the opinions in order to observe specific subject
matter or discipline.
3.5 Research type
The next section under methodology is research type that can be understood as the nature
of the investigation. Based on the type of the investigation several decisions are considered in
relation with the method of data collection, tools of analysis, presenting the outcomes of
investigation etc. There is existence of two kind of investigation that includes qualitative and
quantitative (Hussain, 2011). The former is associated with social practical concept that focuses
on the kind of reality which is developed in social terms. Within this the data is recorded,
assessed and evaluated in order to devise deeper connotation as well as consequences of the
human deeds as well as experiences. There are several kind of methods which can be used for the

purpose of collecting data that includes observation, interview, open ended questions etc. It is the
kind of investigation that assist in carrying out enquiry on the elements and subject which cannot
be quantified such as perception, beliefs behaviour etc. On the other hand there are several
demerits of qualitative research type that affects the overall outcomes of particular activity under
investigation (Purposes of Research: Exploratory, Descriptive & Explanatory, 2014). It includes
biasness, no scientific approach that is affected by perception of investigator, barriers towards
gathering desirable and effective outcome.
In contrast to this quantitative research includes testing of hypothesis as well as
conception are used for the sake of attaining outcomes from the gathered information. The
particular investigation depends on numerical values and thus analysis is done on it in statistical
way. In this tools such as structured interview, survey, index figures are considered for gathering
data that in manner that is desirable and assist in gaining suitable outcomes through it (Research
design, 2014). Beside this for analysis several tools and techniques are used that includes
graphical methods like regression, statistical methods and other for the sake of attaining
understanding through this. The major major benefit of quantitative research types is that with
this suitable outcomes can be gained. Further it reduces the chance of misinterpretation of
information and offers assistance in attaining effective outcomes. In the present investigation
qualitative research type is considered. As such through this beliefs of the employees can be
gained regarding the green procurement strategies.
3.6 Data collection methods
For the sake of gathering investigation it is essential to gather several data set and
information so that development of the findings can be done on it and further conclusion can be
drawn. On the basis of information several analysis and evaluation can be done in order to accept
or reject the hypothesis devised. There is presence of two kind of data that is primary and
secondary data forms. Both data set can be considered for the sake of better accomplishing the
end aim and objectives of the investigation (Kuada, 2012). It assist in gaining fruitful outcomes.
However in order to carry out the investigation it is important to gather most suitable, authentic
and effective data so that effective outcomes can be gathered through this in addition to the lower
deviation from subject. There are several times when data related with investigation can be
attained in an effective manner without lesser efforts. But there are many times when scenario
contradicts and this is highly challenging for the investigator towards attaining specific data set

so that analysis can be done in order to attain end outcomes. Because of this challenge researcher
is dependent on primary data sources so that they are able to progress the investigation in an
effective manner. However this can be stated that both data set that is primary as well as
secondary are not considered reliable and suitable to a greater extent. Apart from this both data
set has their own advantages and drawbacks that act is considered as decision criteria on which
selection of specific data for any type of investigation is done. Primary data is one that assist in
collection of one hand information. This can be done through several sources such as interviews,
survey, questionnaire, observation etc. In the present investigation survey method has been used
for collection of the information.
On the other hand secondary information is one that is being used by other researcher as
well in their investigation (Lee, 2014). This data type is used for the sake of attaining suitable
outcomes. It overall increases the authenticity of the investigation and offers assistance in
attainment of better understanding with respect to subject matter. Such information can be gained
by the means of books, journals, articles, online reference materials etc.
3.7 Sampling
The procedure associated with sampling has critical role in saving greater amount of time
through selection of most appropriate respondent for data collection. Through such approach,
investigator can narrow down the entire universe into sample on which suitable practice of
attaining information can be entailed. Further it is confined at laying emphasis on collection of
information through which range of information can be accumulated in minimum possible
efforts. It provides several kind of strategies which act as and aid in reduction of intricacies in
data collection (Noble, 2011). However while making selection of particular sample it is
important that investigator needs to make selection of suitable one so that wide range of data that
possess the attributes of entire universe can be gathered. This offers assistance in making
enhancement of the entire data validity and increase the efficiency of the outcomes that is gained
through this. Sampling can be categorized into two that is probabilistic and non probabilistic
sampling. Probabilistic sampling method is methodology of arbitrary selection which is entailed
for the purpose of selecting the sample from entire universe. Through such practice each
participant of population has the equal opportunity of getting chosen in sample of any particular
investigation.

On the other hand non probability method of sampling is another mode with which
sample cam be selected within the investigation. In this the chances of getting selected within the
sample by the population are in manner that is haphazard. Thus few has greater likelihood of
selection within the sample while other possess lower possibility. On the contrary selection of
specific respondents depends on the particular situation.
In the present investigation the method of sampling that has been adopted is probability
sampling. Under this random sampling has been used. The size of sample is 10. This is
comprised of the employees working in Tesco.
3.8 Data analysis
Such is considered as the most important aspect under investigation as it effectively
makes research and assess the information which access from the data collection sources that is
primary and secondary. It act as an aid in making analysis of the gathered information in critical
way for generation of suitable outcomes. Based upon such results the whole findings and
conclusion related to investigation can be detailed (Panneerselvam, 2004). This facilitates in
recommending suitable strategies that can assist firm like Tesco. There is existence of two type
of data analysis tool which includes qualitative as well as quantitative. The former one is the tool
with which the inquiry is being made for the sake of carrying out the investigation in depth
manner for the sake of gaining insight to the reason that are governing the behaviour. Such
gathered information is reflected into data and depends on the tools of gathering information
through observation, interview, analysis of the data etc. The qualitative data analysis tool is one
wherein the analysis of the information is being conducted through statistical software. In the
present investigation the analysis of the information has been carried out through the means of
qualitative method. Under this thematic tool is employed. With such the patterns will be
developed across the data on the basis of information that is being attained through the survey.
3.9 Reliability and validity of data
For the sake of attaining outcomes against the aim of assessing the green procurement
strategies greater attention is being paid over the validity and reliability of the information. This
provides greater assistance towards achieving suitable outcomes in addition with development of
effective framework in particular sector. With the aim to gain reliability of the information
several efforts are applied (Rudall and Mann, 2010). The collection of the secondary information
has been done from authentic sources wherein focus is on association who has published for the

sake of increasing the data reliability. Further focus is towards collection of data that is highly
associated with the subject in order to attain deeper knowledge on it. It assist in making
development of effective framework through this. In addition to this efforts are made in case of
primary information so that validate outcomes can be achieved through this. On the other hand in
order to gain the validity of the data opinions of the employees of Tesco has been taken so that
outcomes generated can be applied to the whole population. Such is considered effective in
attainment of the outcomes for which research is done with greater effectiveness.
3.10 Research limitation
There is presence of various limitations in the present investigation that affects the
overall outcomes of the investigation. In this relation the limitation of the investigation are
enumerated in the manner as under: Absence of past information: There is lack of sufficient amount of data with respect to
such. This is considered as the barrier as it not only need alterations but demands towards
development of the concept that is totally new (Scruggs and Mastropieri, 2006).
 Lengthy procedure: Aim of the present investigation has enhanced the frame of time from
which entire procedure gets lengthy. Moreover time is taken as a result of the
methodology which is being implemented within the investigation. Collection of the
secondary and primary information also takes greater amount of time because of their
reach. Smaller size of sample: Small size of sample has resulted in restricting the scope of the
investigation. It can be determined that just 10 employees cannot leads to constituting the
attributes of entire population. However because of constraint related to time such is
being executed for the present investigation.
 Lack of secondary information: Gathering of the secondary data is regarding as complex
task because of determination of its application with respect to retail sector. This factor is
the major factor that results in arising the situation of limitation. Several efforts are being
put in by the investigator in this relation so that effective knowledge can be attained
against the phenomenon under subject.
3.11 Ethical consideration
In order to achieve any investigation there is greater importance that it needs to be
accomplished with full ethical aspects and consideration. A greater amount of care is being given

when making analysis of the information and for concluding with the suitable findings and
outcomes for the investigation. All the findings, outcomes and conclusions related with
investigation are being detailed without any biasness and misleading effect. Thus they are being
exposed after suitable analysis as well as investigation of the data (Sobh and Perry, 2006). The
ethical aspect that are taken into account in present investigation are as below: Privacy: Such is regarded as the important part under ethical consideration as in the
present investigation the information that is attained through survey is taken from
employees of Tesco so it is important that information can be collected has full
anonymity as well as confidentiality.
 Plagiarism: It is considered as the essential aspect when preparing the report in valid
form. The whole data is detailed and precised in the investigation is authentic. The
information within the investigation has not been copied and pasted from any source
instead it has been self written. Such is for the sake of developing better understanding.

CHAPTER- 4 DATA ANALYSIS
4.1 Introduction
After section of research methodology another part of thesis relates with analysis of the
data. The particular section deals with appraisal and evaluating the information that is being
collected by the investigator. It deals with information presentation in a manner that is
understandable as well as in suitable form. The specific section is yielding findings which can be
utilized for the sake of drawing valid outcomes from the thesis. The aim of the present thesis is
towards ascertaining the ways through which green procurement strategies can be employed. For
the purpose of acquiring information the sources such as primary as well as secondary sources
have been employed. Along with this the data gathered has been analysed by the means of tool
that is qualitative method. In order to carry out qualitative analysis thematic tool has been
employed. Under this development of the themes is done on the basis of data that is being
collected from employees who are working in Tesco. Thus such act as an aid in drawing valid
outcomes from the investigation in an effective manner.
FINDINGS
4.2 Qualitative analysis
Theme 1: Gender
Responses Frequency Percentage
Male 6 60.00%
Female 4 40.00%
Findings: When the personnel of Tesco were asked regarding their gender out of 10
employee 6 employees replied male and 4 responded female.
Theme 2: Associated with the organization from greater than 5 years
Responses Frequency Percentage
Less than 2 year 3 30.00%
2- 5 year 2 20.00%

Above 5 year 5 50.00%
Findings: When the personnel of Tesco were asked regarding from how long they have
been associated with the company out of 10 employee 3 employees replied less than 2 years, 2
responded 2-5 years and 5 employees of Tesco replied that they have been working from more
than 5 years.
Theme 3: Business possess environmental policy
Responses Frequency Percentage
Yes 7 70.00%
No 3 30.00%
Findings: When the personnel of Tesco were asked regarding whether or not the Tesco like
business possess environmental policy. Out of 10 respondents 7 replied yes to the view and 3
said no to the statement.
Theme 4: Business has environmental management system
Responses Frequency Percentage
Yes 8 80.00%
No 2 20.00%
Findings: When the personnel of Tesco were asked regarding whether or not the Tesco like
business have environmental management system. Out of 10 respondents 8 replied yes to the
view and 2 said no to the statement.
Theme 5: Organization published an environmental or sustainability report that is being
provided to the public
Responses Frequency Percentage