ACCTN101-18B: A Comparative Analysis of MFT & SPK's Financials

This report presents a comprehensive financial and non-financial analysis of Mainfreight Limited (MFT) and Spark New Zealand Limited (SPK) to inform a potential $3 million investment decision. The analysis includes a review of each company's background, followed by a detailed financial analysis using trend analysis of net income and total assets, key profitability ratios (gross profit, operating margin, net margin), and investment ratios (ROA, ROI, ROE) compared to industry averages. Cash flow statements are examined to assess operating, investing, and financing activities. Non-financial aspects are also considered to provide a holistic view of each company's performance and potential. The report concludes with a recommendation based on the findings, intended to guide the investment decision.

Accounting for Management
ACCTN101-18B

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Introduction................................................................................................................................4
Company Background................................................................................................................4
Mainfreight Limited (MFT)...................................................................................................4
Spark New Zealand Limited (SPK).......................................................................................4
Analysis of company’s performance..........................................................................................5
Financial analysis...................................................................................................................5
Mainfreight Limited (MFT)...............................................................................................5
Spark New Zealand Limited (SPK)...................................................................................9
Non-financial analysis..........................................................................................................14
Mainfreight Limited (MFT).............................................................................................14
Spark New Zealand Limited (SPK).................................................................................15
Conclusion and recommendation.............................................................................................15
References................................................................................................................................16

TABLE OF FIGURES
Figure 1: Trend analysis of net income of Mainfreight Limited (MFT)....................................5
Figure 2: Trend analysis of total assets of Mainfreight Limited (MFT)....................................5
Figure 3: Key Profitability ratios of Mainfreight Limited (MFT) and its comparison with
industry.......................................................................................................................................6
Figure 4: Key investment ratios of Mainfreight Limited (MFT) and its comparison with
industry.......................................................................................................................................7
Figure 5: Trend analysis of net income of Spark New Zealand Limited (SPK)........................9
Figure 6:Trend analysis of total assets of Mainfreight Limited (MFT)...................................10
Figure 7:Keyprofitability ratios of Spark New Zealand Ltdand its comparison with industry11
Figure 8: Key investment ratios of Spark New Zealand Ltd and its comparison with industry
..................................................................................................................................................12
Figure 9MFT Cash Flow Statement.........................................................................................18
Figure 10 SPK Cash Flow Statement.......................................................................................19

INTRODUCTION
The present study is based on the analysis of financial as well as non-financial ratios of the
two companies namely; Main Freight Limited and Spark New Zealand Limited in order to
make a viable investment decision for the amount of $3 million received through LOTTO.
The study aims to critically evaluate the financial ratios and interpret the financial progress
and performance by making use of statistical measures while conducting the non-financial
analysis by considering the overall performance of both the companies.
COMPANY BACKGROUND
Mainfreight Limited (MFT)
MainFreight Limited has been listed on the New Zealand Logistics, it is considered as the
leading freight company in New Zealand, US and other main countries. Its headquarters are
located in Auckland. The company’s growth is unstoppable and is continuing to expand
gloablly7. Being an international supply chain business with more than 250 branches
throughout the world, the company is engaged in offering classy logistics solutions across the
most developed economies in the world (MainFreight Limited, 2018). It provides
warehousing, global air and water freight forwarding services and local distribution services.
The company has major business operations in more than 240 branches in more than 20
nations in and around the world.
Spark New Zealand Limited (SPK)
Spark New Zealand is a telecommunication company based in New Zealand offering fixed
line telephonic services, mobile networks, internet services and key ICT provider to New
Zealand businesses. It is said as the leading company in terms of value on the NZX with the
operations as a trading company publicly (Bloomberg, 2018). The company is engaged in
offering telecommunication services and offers data, mobile and internet networking, as well
as wireless networking services. It offers domestic national and global telephone and data
services, and has operations through three key segments namely; Spark Connect, Spark Home
Mobile & Business and Spark Digital.

ANALYSIS OF COMPANY’S PERFORMANCE
Financial analysis
Mainfreight Limited (MFT)
Figure 1: Trend analysis of net income of Mainfreight Limited (MFT)
(Source:Mainfreight Ltd. MFT (New Zealand: NZX), 2018)
Figure 2: Trend analysis of total assets of Mainfreight Limited (MFT)
(Source:Mainfreight Ltd. MFT (New Zealand: NZX), 2018)
By considering the trend analysis of both revenues and nets assets of Mainfreight Ltd
increasing trend can be noticed in previous financial years. Net income had recorded growth
of 6.27%, and sales growth is approximately twice of profitability which shows improvising
financial performance of the overall business.

Figure 3: Key Profitability ratios of Mainfreight Limited (MFT) and its comparison with the
industry
(Source: Mainfreight Ltd (MFT), 2018)
Comparison of Key Profitability ratios of Mainfreight Limited with industry shows that the
performance of the company is far better from trading efficiency to overall operating
efficiency. However, in five-year prospect, there is a slight reduction in profitability ratios,
but it is still higher than the industry statistics.

Figure 4: Key investment ratios of Mainfreight Limited (MFT) and its comparison with the
industry
(Source: Mainfreight Ltd (MFT), 2018)
Comparison of investment ratios of Mainfreight Ltd with industry shows that the efficiency
of the company is better than the industry as they are generating higher ROA and ROI.
Although, return on equity of the company is significantly lower in comparison to the
industry figure, but this adverse factor is mitigated by the overall operational efficiency of
Mainfreight Ltd. With the 5-year average ROA and ROI stability in the overall performance
of the company can be noticed and provided return is almost twice the industry statistics. This
factor shows that the company is performing better than industry measure and consequently
they are generating higher returns.
Cash flow statement analysis (Amount in million)
2015 2014 2013 2012
Cash flow from
operating
113.65 120.38 83.17 77.14

activities
Cash flow from
investing
activities
-132.5 -62.28 -58.74 -280.44
Cash flow from
financing
activities
27.56 -43.98 -17.59 193.43
Foreign
exchange
effects
1.16 -2.65 -0.72 -3.22
Net change in
cash
9.87 11.46 6.12 -13.09
Cash flow statement reflects the changes held in income and accounts of the balance sheet
that impact the cash and cash equivalent and conducts the breaking of analysis into
operational, investment and financial activities.
The above cash flow statement of MainFrieght shows that cash generated from operating
activities are effective, and the company payments are showing an increasing trend which
means the company is seeking to make its payments on a timely basis so as to strengthen its
position and be free of payments. The table shows that the cash receipts of the company are
also increasing, which means the company is generating higher revenue and is accounting the
same strategically (Mainfreight Ltd (MFT), 2018). The cash tax of the company is
showcasing fluctuations but is increasing anyway, stating that the company is good on paying
tax on the generated revenues. On the other hand, the interest paid on cash is not stable but is
performing effectively which shows that the company is providing interest on bank loans to
reduce its outer debts while solidifying its financial position.
The investing activities of the company are showing a negative trend, asserting that the
company is making more and more of investment in fixed assets for improving its financial
performance and keeping the base of asset strong simultaneously. The company is investing
in PPE higher to smoothen the operations and functions of management. The investing
activities of the company show that the company is investing in long terms as fixed assets,
indicating managed credit and optimal fund management.

However, the financing activities of the cash flow statement are also showing a negative
pattern, as the company is making investments in the dividend factor, so as to appeal
shareholders and keep them loyal with more of returns. In addition, the liability of the
company is also decreasing stating that the company is making optimal payments on external
debts for maintaining the strong financial base. The financing activities of the company are
reflecting the minus trend, because the company is spending to repurchase the issued ones,
and pay off the debt and interest as well as making a dividend payment to attract
shareholders.
Spark New Zealand Limited (SPK)
Figure 5: Trend analysis of net income of Spark New Zealand Limited (SPK)
(Source:Spark New Zealand Ltd. SPK (Australia: Sydney), 2018)
Figure 6:Trend analysis of total assets of Mainfreight Limited (MFT)

By considering five years net income of the company, fluctuating trend can be noticed, but
mostly there is positive fluctuation in performance. On the other hand, total assets of the
company are constantly increasing which reflects the increasing financial strength of the
company. The trend of fluctuating net income make the investment risky, but on an overall
basis, there is constant growth in revenue which assures that proposed company for
investment is a suitable option. Further, with the increasing worth of the company, in long-
term management is able to generate higher returns for their investors.
(Source:Spark New Zealand Ltd. SPK (Australia: Sydney), 2018)
Figure 7:Key profitability ratios of Spark New Zealand Ltd and its comparison with the
industry
(Source:Spark New Zealand Ltd (SPK), 2018)
As per the above image, it can be noticed that gross profits of the company are lower than the
industry average, but same is compensated by a higher operating margin and net margin.
Therefore, by considering the overall analysis, it can be noticed that the selected company is

performing better in comparison to industry standards as their net profit margin is 10.48%
while industry in generating negative returns. This factor shows that the company is able to
provide returns to the shareholders even in a situation where there is the downfall for the
industry. Further, the similarity of annual returns with the 5-year average shows the
consistency of performance of company which ensures regular revenue returns.
Figure 8: Key investment ratios of Spark New Zealand Ltd and its comparison with the
industry
(Source: Spark New Zealand Ltd (SPK), 2018)
Comparison of investment ratios of Spark New Zealand Ltd with industry shows that the
efficiency of the company is better than the industry as they are generating a higher return on
assets and return on investments. However, the return on equity is comparatively lower but
the same is mitigated by the operational efficiency of the company. Over the years, the
company had maintained their efficiency as annual ROAis similar to the 5-year average

ROA. Further, return on investment is also showing a similar trend but over the years average
ROI of the industry is reduced, but the average ROI of the company has been increased.
Cash flow statement analysis (Amount in million)
2018 2017 2016 2015
Cash flow from
operating
activities
777 717 716 630
Cash flow from
investing
activities
-484 -380 -488 -456
Cash flow from
financing
activities
290 -337 -256 -304
Foreign
exchange
effects
- - - 2
Net change in
cash
3 - -28 -128
By considering the above table, it can be noted that the operating activities of the company
show effective and affirmative financial performance entirely, the cash receipts of the
company show plus trend and is increasing year on year, as the collection policy is optimally
managed by the company. Along with this, the rising cash recipes of the company can
improve liquidity in business further the higher cash resources will assist the company in
reducing their short terms loan and can avail cash discounts as they will have a fewer
requirement on trade credit. On the other hand, the cash payments are also showing
increasing trend buttressing that the company is making eventual payments to the outer
sources and reducing its liability to make the financial base stronger (Spark New Zealand Ltd
(SPK), 2018). As the company is receiving the cash, it is moving the same to pay its expenses
and payments, but it can be noticed that company revenue is higher in comparison to the
payments, that means the profit collection is good.

However, the cash flow statement of investing activities asserts that the fixed investment
provides more consideration by the company. The company is making higher contribution n
monetary efforts in the financial resources and is conducting more of capital expenditures for
increasing its operation, paying off the short terms loan and giving returns to the
shareholders. The capital expenditure is increasing tremendously, as the company is thriving
to purchase higher PPE, this will help in increasing the overall business worth and market
value. By considering the ROI of company increase, capital expenditure will lead to higher
return as the company is able to maintain the percentage over the years. Therefore, it can be
expected that with the increase in capital expenditure there will be significant benefits to
shareholders and company investors.
The cash from financing activities is also stating the minus trend, which means the
company’s overall performance is good and is well-going at paying short terms loans and
effective at providing the expected returns to the shareholders. The total cash dividend is
increasing year on year, which reflects that the company is giving good response and benefits
to the shareholders in return for purchasing the shares. This initiative is taken by the company
to maintain financial position, higher market value and shares.
Non-financial analysis
Mainfreight Limited (MFT)
Main Freight has maintained an effective financial performance all over, by considering its
operations revenue, sales and client satisfaction. It has kept up with the responsibility
management, CSR activities and sustainable practices. Sustainability is the way for the
company to conduct their key activities based on logistics and supply chain. The company is
highly aware of the impacts by social and economic aspects on their and prevent the same by
taking effective social responsibility measures by performing business conducts from an
economic point and also including social as well as ecological factors while making decisions
(Main Freight Limited, 2018). The company aims and consider the areas in the entire CSR
program and activities; special consideration is given towards education and safety measures
for future development. Along with this, traffic safety is maintained and supported with the
help of information campaigns. In addition initiatives such as campaigns and donations are
promoted especially where the company has left its footprint.
The effective financial and internal business results of the company shows significant growth
and the first time Main Freight has crossed the net profit valued at 100 million. This

incredible growth and satisfactory results, with greater contributions made by the company,
are outstanding and reflects successful business and financial performance (Petty, Titman,
Keown, Martin, Martin and Burrow, 2015). Additionally, the sales revenue has also been
increased for the year ended; this outcome continues the pattern of the company on
generating optimal financial performance on a yearly basis.
The company also has an ambition to support a clean, secure and green environment for each
and eve person involved. They aim to surpass the minimum standards of the environment as
practically as possible. Thus, they are also now realizing the significance of the triple bottom
line which is economical, environmental and social effects and considering the same in
decisions regarding planning and operations.
Spark New Zealand Limited (SPK)
The Spark New Zealand Board is highly committed to assuring the Spark New Zealand
Group for maintaining better standards of corporate governance and effectively complies
with the ethical standards. Further, Spark finances have operations in the corporate
governance protocols, procedures and practices of the Group of Spark New Zealand. The
company is focused towards the enduring growth, CSR activities and sustainability in
business (Spark Annual Report, 2017). The company builds a relationship by cultivating an
overall diversified workplace and involves more and more people. The Spark Foundation is
also supported for encouraging generosity while building a more developed future for the
involved people. The key is sustainability while considering the innovative aspects of Spark;
it makes investments in energy efficiency which further makes a reduction in electric
consumptions. The company fulfils its commitment and ensures customer satisfaction by
making use of technology and innovation to make a reduction in factors that impact the
environment, and thereby allows an environmentally friendly and sustainable practices by
ICT (Spark New Zealand, 2017)
Moreover, the company has introduced the Supplier Code of Conduct and rooted the same in
its management with the application of best governance practices. The community practices
of Spark are fulfilled through education as it attempts to provide an opportunity to all to
uncover their potentiality and succeed in the digital economy (Giglio, Kelly and Pruitt, 2016).
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
In accordance with the present study, conclusion can be drawn that selected shares of
Mainfreight Limited (MFT) and Spark New Zealand Limited (SPK) is a viable decision for

the purpose of investment. It is because, both the companies are providing better performance
than the industry benchmarks which shows that both the selected investments are able to
provide returns to the shareholders even in a situation where there is a downfall in their
respective industry. Selected investments also have a growing trend which will assure great
revenue returns as well as appreciation in initial capital amount. Apart from the financial
prospects, non-financial indicators of both the companies are also showing positive aspects
which reflects sustainability in terms of performance and brand image. Therefore, selected
investment is viable for long-term perspective to generate a good return in comparison to the
industry average.

REFERENCES
Petty, J.W., Titman, S., Keown, A.J., Martin, P., Martin, J.D. and Burrow, M.,
(2015). Financial management: Principles and applications. Pearson Higher
Education AU.
Giglio, S., Kelly, B. and Pruitt, S., (2016). Systemic risk and the macroeconomy: An
empirical evaluation. Journal of Financial Economics, 119(3), pp.457-471.
MainFreight Limited, (2018). Anything is Possible. Retrieved from <
https://www.mainfreight.com/global/en/global-home/about-us.aspx >. Bloomberg,
(2018). Company Overview of Spark New Zealand Limited. Retrieved from <
https://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?
privcapId=122668>.
MainFreight Limited, (2018). Sustainability New Zealand. Retrieved from <
https://www.mainfreight.com/nz/en/nz-home/about-us/sustainability.aspx>.
Spark New Zealand, (2017). Sharing playing creating building living caring Retrieved from
<
http://investors.sparknz.co.nz/FormBuilder/_Resource/_module/gXbeer80tkeL4nEaF-
kwFA/doc/FY15-Corporate-Social-Responsibility-Report.pdf>.
Spark Annual Report, (2017). Unleash. Retrieved from
<https://www.sparknz.co.nz/content/dam/SparkNZ/pdf-documents/SPARK_ESG_Re
port_2017.pdf>.
Mainfreight Ltd. MFT (New Zealand: NZX), 2018. Retrieved from
<https://quotes.wsj.com/NZ/MFT/financials>.
Mainfreight Ltd (MFT), (2018). Retrieved from
<https://in.investing.com/equities/mainfreight-ltd-ratios>.
Spark New Zealand Ltd. SPK (Australia: Sydney), (2018). Retrieved from
<https://quotes.wsj.com/AU/XASX/SPK/financials>.
Spark New Zealand Ltd (SPK), (2018). Retrieved from
<https://au.investing.com/equities/telecom-corp-of-new-zealand-ltd-ratios>.
Spark New Zealand Ltd (SPK), (2018). Retrieved from
<https://au.investing.com/equities/telecom-corp-of-new-zealand-ltd-cash-flow>.
Mainfreight Ltd (MFT), (2018). Retrieved from <
https://in.investing.com/equities/mainfreight-ltd-cash-flow>.

Appendices
Figure 9MFT Cash Flow Statement
(Source: Mainfreight Ltd (MFT), 2018)

Figure 10 SPK Cash Flow Statement
(Source:Spark New Zealand Ltd (SPK), 2018)