Case Study: Cross-Cultural Management in Australia-Japan Business

This assignment presents a comprehensive analysis of a cross-cultural case study involving Australian and Japanese business interactions. It identifies and explains the cultural differences, customs, expectations, and communication styles that impact business dealings between the two countries. The report critically evaluates cross-cultural issues such as language barriers, ethical considerations, and lack of cultural information, offering recommendations for addressing these challenges. Furthermore, it explores how Robert and Luke could have better prepared for their trip to Japan by understanding professional ethics, communication techniques, and cultural nuances. The case study provides valuable lessons for global managers, emphasizing the importance of developing skills in professional ethics, communication, and cultural awareness to foster successful international business relationships. The reflective essay discusses the importance of cross-cultural understanding for personal and professional growth, highlighting the development of researching, reading, critical thinking, analytical, and leadership skills.

CROSS
CULTURAL
MANAGEMENT

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................4
Explain cross-cultural differences in the national cultures, customs, expectations, and
communication between the Australian and Japanese counterparts.......................................4
Critically evaluate the Cross-Culture issues which is identify as per the case study.............5
How Robert and Luke could have been better prepared for their trip to Japan......................6
What Lesson Does the Case Offer For Global Managers......................................................6
Reflective Essay ....................................................................................................................7
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................9
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................10

INTRODUCTION
Cross-cultural management varies in different regions and the traditions of each country.
The people have to understand and respect each culture in an organization. It is important to
understand because it improves the communication between two different cultures and this will
improve the employee's performance level and this will help an organization to enhance its
production level. The management needs to understand and communicate each employee's
religion and culture so that they support employees and increased their communication skills this
will make employees comfortable in the organization and employees can ask and discuss
anything freely with management so that they make good decisions making about an
organization (Tietze, 2021). This report includes a case study on cross-culture between
Australian and Japanese culture and how it will impact the organization and what barriers they
faced in the organization. It also includes this case study of cross-culture affects a global
manager in organization.

MAIN BODY
Explain cross-cultural differences in the national cultures, customs, expectations, and
communication between the Australian and Japanese counterparts.
In this case study, it is observed that Australians and Japanese have both different cultures which
affect business meetings of the organization. This is important for both organization management
they study the culture of both regions so that they can reduce barriers that arise while doing
business deals (Amann and Jaussaud, 2020). Let's study in brief the difference of cross-cultural
of Australia and Japanese in counterparts are:
Australia Culture
 In this culture when people meet then they shake hands with eye contact for greeting
and if they meet first then they introduce their names too.
 The citizens of Australia prefer to speak English only for communication with other
people.
 The people of Australia are very down to earth they don't have to show off and
making impression on other person minds.
 In Australia, they don't have their own culture because in Australia there so many
cultures are there.
Japanese Culture
 In this culture when people meet than they do greeting by bowing to others.
 The citizen of Japan mostly prefer to speak their language Japanese itself only.
 The Japanese citizens normally communicate with people with having belief in
facial expression, voice, and body posture to inform anyone what someone feels
for them.
 They don't have trust in non-verbal message while communicating with people.
From the above discussion of the cross-culture of two different religions which are Australia and
Japan. So in this case study it is sawed that Robert and Luke they both are from Australia and
they go to Japan for a business deal for that they have to face these problems while doing
business deals so for that they both have to understand the Japanese culture and religion they
perform good and give better output and they can minimize all those hurdles which may arise
during a meeting of business deals (Arseneault and Roulin, 2021). This is very essential for both

that they know how Japanese culture does business meetings what they wear and in which
language they communicate in business meetings.
Critically evaluate the Cross-Culture issues which is identify as per the case study
As per the case study, it is evaluated that Robert and Luke both face various issues for their
cultures and religions while doing their business deals so analyse all cross-culture issues faced in
this case study. Let’s discuss all issues in brief:
There are three main issues which are faced by Robert and Luke in this case:
Language Issues: In Australia, people mainly prefer to use the English language only whether it
is formal or informal conversation but in Japanese, it is the opposite that people prefer to speak
in the Japanese language only so Robert and Luke are not aware of it and they don't know the
Japanese language for communication for business deals. So Robert and Luke have to hire a
translator for communication so that they start their business meetings. Maybe this business deal
was not done in the expectation that they both have due to language barriers (Ashta, 2021). So it
is important that if people go anywhere for their business deal so it becomes essential that they
study all important things which are required to communicate with people and do business
meetings and make good deals for organization.
Ethical Issues: The issues raised between the two religion is a conflict of interest, laws,
principles of business, and many more, etc. This case study examines that Robert and Luke are
not following the ethical code of Japanese organizations for a business meeting. This will create
a problem and extend and take extra time for meeting that they make Japanese businesses a wait
and this it is against the ethics of business (Cong-ai, 2018). This will create a big issue so Robert
and Luke both have to examine all policies of Ethics which is following by Japanese
organizations for their business meeting so that they easy to understand all ethics they both have
to follow while attending the Japanese Business meeting they make a good impression and able
to make good business deals.
Lack of Information in Cultures issues: If people are not having good knowledge of culture
and they meet people with different religions and cultures then they face a lot of problems while
communicating with people because they are not able to understand the language and their
regions. In this case, study same problem is faced by Robert and Luke that they don't have
knowledge of Japanese culture and they go and meet for business deal Japanese industry they are
facing a lack of knowledge and information about the culture of Japanese that they have to study

and gain full knowledge of Japanese culture so that they have the proper knowledge and they
able to perform their activity according to their Japanese culture only.
How Robert and Luke could have been better prepared for their trip to Japan
This case study it is examined how Robert and Luke can be prepared themselves before starting
their trip to Japan. They have to understand and observe so many important things which are
necessary for both Robert and Luke to follow and they must have to develop their skills and
knowledge so that it becomes more simple and easy for Robert and Luke to deal with their
business dealings with the Japanese organization in their business style and this business meeting
become more effective
as of know (Danilina and Dradin 2022). The main things which Robert and Luke have to follow
before starting their trip to Japan are:
Professional Ethics: Robert and Luke must follow all professional ethics of the Japanese
organization so that they can make a good impression on the management of the Japanese
organization. These professional ethics help Robert and Luke to make a great business deal with
Japanese organizations.
Communication Techniques: The lack of communication skills and techniques will be
observed in this case study that Robert and Luke don't have communication skills in Japanese
culture. If they can make good business deals with Japanese organizations then Robert and Luke
have to develop good communication skills so that they can create good bonding with the
management of Japanese organizations.
Knowledge of Culture and their religions: The knowledge of culture and religions information
is most important for any organization for their development and expansion of business. This
case study examines that Robert and Luke lack knowledge of cultures and religions for that they
are unable to prepare themselves for meeting according to Japanese Culture. So Robert and Luke
both have to fully analyse and gain proper knowledge of Japanese culture so that they perform
their activity accordingly.
What Lesson Does the Case Offer For Global Managers
From this case study, it is the proper examination that what Global Managers have to develop
their skills and knowledge for the smooth work performance of an organization. Global
Managers have to develop many skills and knowledge for which they can perform and manage
the various acts of an organization (Graham and Cascio, 2018). Let's discuss all major points

which Global Managers have to follow and develop in their organization for smooth running of
operations.
Professional Ethics: Global Managers have to follow all professional ethics in an organization
which helps an organization to develop their business and able to expand their business in
another country because global managers maintain all professional ethics in an organization
which is necessary for the development and expansion of business in different regions and
cultures.
Communications Skills: For an organization, communication skills must-have in all employees
and management must to developed communication skills if there is a lack of skills found in
employees. Global Managers have to develop communication skills because it helps a manager
to make a deal with different organizations in different countries.
Proper Knowledge of Cultures: The management of an organization must have proper
knowledge of all cultures so that they can make bonding with other organization management.
This is helping Global Managers to make good deals with other organization which indirectly
help to generate profits for an organization.
Reflective Essay
From this case study, I learn that Cross Culture has now become more essential for everyone to
know each culture because it helps to know how it helps to improve the communications skills of
people and able make bonding. For the survival of people, they have to know other cultures so
that they know how to communicate with that culture they don't feel defensive and it helps to
understand and able make bonding with people (Jackson, 2019). I learn so many things while
preparing this report which is essential for me to develop myself for the growth of my future
carrier. If I become a manager in my carrier then I applied these skills in an organization to
perform various activities which help an organization develop and able to expand its business in
different countries. The skills which I have to develop in my life for a good future are:
Researching Skills: When I am analysing this case study it helps me to improve my research
skills which help me in the future to apply in my carrier growth this will help me to enhance my
work quality and ability to develop my carrier and if any situation arises for me like Robert and
Luke which is in this case study then I am doing proper research before going to Japan to deal
with Japanese organization for business deals.

Readings Skills: When I am doing this case study it improves my reading skills which help me
in the future that way to better understand of organization it is necessary to read all the details of
the organization deeply and here I apply my reading skills to examine the proper details of data.
Critical and Analytical Thinking Skills: This case study helps me to become more critical and
analytical thinking skills so that whenever it is required in the future to apply thinking skills to
give better output then it becomes easy for me to perform this task. This helps me to Analytical
situations which I can solve easily by breaking them into parts.
Leadership Skills: Now in organization leadership skills is so important for guiding, and
motivating employees for their responsibility which help them to accomplish the objectives of
the organization. So when I solve this case study I can develop leadership skills myself which
help me in my future development and perform various activities in the organization (Kassis-
Henderson and Cohen, 2019). This will help me to manage and be able to guide and motivate
employees for their work and responsibility to achieve the objectives of organizational goals.
Team Work Skills: This case study help me to improve my teamwork skills and able to know
the importance of teamwork skills in which now I can know how work can be done in teamwork
and how it helps an organization affect their work performance level. If I perform any task in
teamwork then it became easy to complete a task because every people have a different mind sets
and they have a different opinion to complete the task so it becomes more effective to complete
the task in Team Work.
Decision-making Skills: While doing this case study it helps me to improve my decision-
making skills which help me in the future to take important decisions in my life in a most
appropriate way so that I don't have to suffer from any problems because my decision which I
have taken for my carrier (Kim, 2020). People need to make effective decisions for life then only
it is possible to become successful in life and able to achieve their personal goals.

CONCLUSION
From this above report, it is concluded that how cross-culture is important to understand
for to understand their regions and culture to perform their activity in a good manner. This report
it is briefly discussed natural culture, customs, expectations, and communication between
Australia and Japan. The above report also includes the main issues of cross cultures which are
faced by Robert and Luke in this case study and how Robert and Luke can prepare themselves
before starting their trip to Japan. This report also includes how to cross-culture offer global
managers in their organization. This report also includes the reflections on cross-culture which
help me to develop my leadership skills and team works and gain knowledge of different cultures
which help me to gain my carrier in the future.

REFERENCES
BOOKS & JOURNALS:
Amann, B. and Jaussaud, J. eds., 2020. Cross-cultural challenges in international management.
Routledge.
Arseneault, R. and Roulin, N., 2021. A theoretical model of cross‐cultural impression
management in employment interviews. International Journal of Selection and
Assessment, 29(3-4), pp.352-366.
Ashta, A., 2021. Postulation of India-Japan Vedic-Buddhist cross-cultural management cluster:
conceptualizing a spiritual philosophy-based explanation for emerging
theory. Management Research Review.
Cong-ai, Z., 2018. Research on the Cross-cultural Management Issues and Strategies of Jinan
University. International Journal of Advances in Agriculture Sciences.
Danilina, E. and Dradin, R., 2022. Practice of Cross-Cultural Management in Innovative
Companies. Available at SSRN 4048563.
Graham, B.Z. and Cascio, W.F., 2018. The employer-branding journey: Its relationship with
cross-cultural branding, brand reputation, and brand repair. Management Research:
Journal of the Iberoamerican Academy of Management.
Jackson, T., 2019. Cross-cultural management: The context is our content. International Journal
of Cross Cultural Management, 19(3), pp.247-249.
Kassis-Henderson, J. and Cohen, L., 2019. The Paradoxical Consequences of ‘The Perfect
Accent’!: A Critical Approach to Cross-Cultural Interactions. In Cases in Critical Cross-
Cultural Management (pp. 12-21). Routledge.
Kim, K.W., 2020. Making The Connection: Cross-cultural Management Course and Cultural
Intelligence. Journal of International Trade & Commerce, 16(3), pp.1-13.
Tietze, S., 2021. Cross-cultural management revisited: A qualitative approach.