Microservices Architecture: History, Types, and Importance Report

This report provides a comprehensive overview of microservices architecture, beginning with a historical context of computing and the evolution of information systems. It delves into the significance of software architecture, outlining its importance in system design, communication, and decision-making. The report then explores various types of software architecture, including business, information, information technology, and application architectures. It emphasizes the benefits of microservices, such as improved communication, increased productivity, and cost-effectiveness. The report concludes by highlighting the crucial role of microservices in enabling organizations to make informed decisions and optimize their operations. The report is a valuable resource for understanding the fundamental concepts and practical applications of microservices in the context of modern software development.

Running head: MICROSERVICES ARCHITECTURE
MICROSERVICES ARCHITECTURE
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Author Note

1MICROSERVICES ARCHITECTURE
Table of Contents
Introduction................................................................................................................................2
History of Computing................................................................................................................2
Use of Information Systems.......................................................................................................3
Software Architecture and Importance......................................................................................5
Types of Software Architecture.................................................................................................7
Conclusion..................................................................................................................................8
References..................................................................................................................................9

2MICROSERVICES ARCHITECTURE
Introduction
Microservices are a technique of development of software that is a variant of service
oriented architecture style of structure that arranges an application as a collection of services
those are loosely coupled. In the architecture of microservices, the services are very fine-
grained and the protocols are very lightweight. There are various benefits of microservices,
they can offer several benefits to an organization, and they are very east to deploy.
The report provides an overview of the microservices architecture. The report focuses
on the history of computing and the use of information system. The report also focuses on the
architecture of software and the importance of the software architecture. The report discusses
about the types of software architecture that are in use. Microservices are very important for a
business and it should be deployed by organizations in order to gain the advantages those are
offered by Microservices.
History of Computing
The very early tools of computing were known as abacus and it was used in 300 B.C in
Babylon. The first counting tool that was driven by gear was invented in the year 1623 and
few years after a calculator, that can perform addition, subtraction, multiplication and
division. With the assist of binary, the inventors were able to utilise systems of punch cards
for the first electronic computers (Rankin, 2018). The International Business Machines took
this technology and made it available for more use. Hewlett Packard, a company that was
started in the year 1939 developed its first computers and used dynamic random access
memory. After that, Apple I was available that was the personal computer. In the year 1981,
the Osborne Computers released the Osborne 1 computer and it was considered as the first
consumer laptop. The cost of the laptop was $ 1795 and the weight was 24.5 pounds

3MICROSERVICES ARCHITECTURE
(Ensmenger, 2018). After this, several new models of computers were released and each one
more powerful than the ones that was released before.
Use of Information Systems
Various organizations work with huge amounts of data. The data are the basic facts those
are organized and kept in the database. Information includes data that has been put in order to
assist the company to answer the questions and to resolve the issues (Pearlson, Saunders &
Galletta, 2019). An information system is referred as the software that assists in order to
organize and evaluate data. Therefore, the aim of an information system is change the data
that is raw into useful information, which can be utilised for the making of decision in a
company. The information systems those are used in various companies can vary but the
information system have the following components (Abbasi, Sarker & Chiang, 2016):
 Software: these are the programs those are utilised in order to organize, process and then
evaluate data
 Hardware: The information systems those are based on computer utilise computer
hardware that include monitors, keyboards and many other hardwares.
 Processes: the processes describes how particular data are processed and evaluated to get
the answers for which the designed ins designed
 ‘Network: Various elements require to be interconnected to each other when many people
in the company utilise the same information system.
There are various types of information system utilised by different organizations for the
making of decisions. These include transaction-processing systems, management information
systems, decision support system and executive information system (Yi et al.,2019).
The information systems are used in various organizations for the making of decisions
and for other purposes. The uses and the applications of the information systems include:

4MICROSERVICES ARCHITECTURE
 This type of technology permits for more faster and accurate reporting. This technology
also helps to make better making of decisions and efficient allocation of resources.
 Various organizations can utilise software of enterprise resource planning in order to
collect, administer and evaluate data across various areas (Kavanagh & Johnson, 2017).
This kind of information system includes more than one application that offers a full view
of the operations of business.
 The information systems can provide the companies with a competitive advantage and
offer the data that is required in order to make smarter and faster making of decisions.
Depending on the requirements of the company, the company can go for the transactions
information system and the various other information systems according to the
requirements of the company.
 In the end, the software of ERP can minimize the costs of operations, upgrade
collaboration and increase the revenue of the company.
 ERP is an information system that offers insights those are actionable and helps the
companies to decide the next step (Beck et al.,2017). It makes it easier to accomplish
compliance an increase the security of data.
The information system that is utilised in various companies for making decisions and
other purposes provide several advantages to the organizations (Chen et al.,2018). These
benefits include:
 Communication: with the assist of the information technologies the messaging, emails
become much efficient, quicker and easier.
 Availability: The information system has made it possible for the organizations to be
open every hour every day. This means that an organization can be open anytime, thus
making it easier for other countries to make purchases or other perform other operations.

5MICROSERVICES ARCHITECTURE
 Productivity and Cost effectiveness: The application of information system encourages
operations those are more efficient and upgrades the supply of various information for the
makers of decisions (Khumalo & Chigona, 2017). Implementation of these kinds of
systems can play a crucial role in assisting various organizations to put greater effort on
the technology of information to gain an advantage that is competitive. Information
system has a positive influence on the productivity of the company.
Software Architecture and Importance
The system architecture describes its main components, relationships and the way they
connect with each other. The architecture of software consists of several factors such as the
attributes of quality, dynamics of humans, IT and design environment and strategy of
business. The architecture serves as a design for a system (Hasselbring, 2018). It offers an
abstraction in order to manage the complexity of a system and then establish a mechanism of
coordination and communication among the various components (Sommerville et al.,2019).
 It defines a solution that is structured in order to meet all the requirements those are
technical and operational while optimizing the quality attributes those are common like
the security and performance.
 It includes a sequence of important decisions about the company associated to the
development of software and every decision can have a crucial impact on the
performance, quality and the complete success of the final product. These decisions
consists of:
a. Choosing structural elements and the interfaces by which the system is comprised of
b. Behaviour that is specified in collaborations among all these elements
c. Composition of the behavioural and structural elements into a much larger subsystem
d. The decisions of architecture that align with the objectives of the business

6MICROSERVICES ARCHITECTURE
e. The style of architecture that guide the company
Software architecture is very crucial when it comes to development of software. The
importance of the software architecture is as follows (Pretorius et al.,2018):
 A basis for communication: the architecture of software is a plan for the development of
the software and it is crucial for the communication with the stakeholders and
understanding. The software architecture makes it easier in order to understand the entire
system and it makes the procedure of decision making quicker and efficient
 The earliest decisions: The decisions those are made first are generally made at this
phase. Those decisions have an impact on the project and it becomes complex to change
in the latter part of the project.
 Model transfer: the architecture of software refers to the software model and the way the
model will function. The requirements and the codes can be reused. The architecture can
define the issues that the user will come across during the implementation of the
architecture (Capilla et al.,2016). It also demonstrates the structure of organization and it
makes it easier to take important decisions and administer the changes in the project. It
allows the users to estimate the time required and the project cost that is required.
A good architecture of software has many features. The functionalities of the good
architecture include (Orlov & Vishnyakov, 2017):
 The architecture of the software should be strong and should be easier to maintain
 The architecture of the software must be usable and flexible
 The architecture of the software should be able to adapt to the requirements
 The architecture of software must have good scalability
 The software architecture should not have any repetition in codes.

7MICROSERVICES ARCHITECTURE
Types of Software Architecture
The design of software architecture considers the structure of the system and the
requirements in order to get a flourishing architecture of the system. It is essential to focus on
the things that will help the user to develop architecture (Hao et al., 2017). A good
architecture of the software should have important functionalities such as the architecture
should address the needs of the stakeholders. The architecture should be able to handle the
requirements of the quality and the functions and it should think all the scenarios, use cases
and then hide the details of implementation (Leigh, Wermelinger & Zisman, 2017).
Various types of architecture of software are used by different organizations. The types of
architectures of software include:
 Business architecture: It defines the business strategies, organizations, governance and the
important procedures of the business with the organization (Caceres & Gómez, 2019).
This kind of software architecture generally focuses on the evaluation and the design of
the procedures of business.
 Information architecture: the information architecture is a type of software architecture
that is used in order to structure the web application, mobile applications and the websites
(Ding, Lin & Zarro, 2017). The study of information architecture aims to organize the
content so that the end users would adjust to the features of the product.
 Information technology architecture: Architecture of information technology is an
overview of the different assets of processing of information in order to meet the
objectives of an organization, the rules those are used in order to govern them and the
information those are related to them (Zheng et al.,2017). It influences the three levels
with a company consisting of the server, client and the middleware.
 Application architecture: application architecture is a map of the way the software
applications of a company are integrated as an important part of the enterprise

8MICROSERVICES ARCHITECTURE
architecture and the way these applications interact with each other in order to meet the
business or the requirements of the user (Tao et al.,2017).
Conclusion
The report concludes with the various software architectures those are used by
various organizations in order to make proper decisions and to make their operations well.
The report focuses on the history of computing that is the first time when the computer was
discovered and the companies that have invented the laptops and the desktops. The HP was
the first company that have invented the laptop with a dynamic RAM. The report focuses on
the information systems and the importance of the information systems. The information
systems will help the company in order to make proper making of decisions and it will help
in making the operations of the company better. The benefits of the information systems are
also discussed in the report. The report focuses on the architecture of the software
architecture and the importance of the software architecture. There are various components of
the software architecture that will help various companies in the development of the software.
The features and the functionalities of the architecture of the software are discussed in the
report. The report provides an overview of the types of software architecture that can be used
by various organizations for the development of softwares. The various types of architecture
of software include business architecture, information architecture and many more. The
companies for the development of the softwares must use these architectures.

9MICROSERVICES ARCHITECTURE
References
Abbasi, A., Sarker, S., & Chiang, R. H. (2016). Big data research in information systems:
Toward an inclusive research agenda. Journal of the Association for Information
Systems, 17(2), 3.
Beck, R., Avital, M., Rossi, M., & Thatcher, J. B. (2017). Blockchain technology in business
and information systems research.
Caceres, J. G., & Gómez, A. R. (2019, June). Business architecture: A differentiating element
in the growth of organizations. In Journal of Physics: Conference Series (Vol. 1257,
No. 1, p. 012007). IOP Publishing.
Capilla, R., Jansen, A., Tang, A., Avgeriou, P., & Babar, M. A. (2016). 10 years of software
architecture knowledge management: Practice and future. Journal of Systems and
Software, 116, 191-205.
Chen, Y. S., Wu, C. H., Chuang, H. M., Wang, L. C., & Lin, C. K. (2018). The benefits of
information technology strategy and management for cloud-based CRM systems
using the interactive qualitative analysis approach. International Journal of
Technology, Policy and Management, 18(1), 25-46.
Ding, W., Lin, X., & Zarro, M. (2017). Information architecture: the design and integration of
information spaces. Synthesis Lectures on Information Concepts, Retrieval, and
Services, 9(2), i-152.
Ensmenger, N. (2018). The environmental history of computing. Technology and
culture, 59(4), S7-S33.
Hao, Z., Novak, E., Yi, S., & Li, Q. (2017). Challenges and software architecture for fog
computing. IEEE Internet Computing, 21(2), 44-53.

10MICROSERVICES ARCHITECTURE
Hasselbring, W. (2018). Software architecture: Past, present, future. In The Essence of
Software Engineering (pp. 169-184). Springer, Cham.
Kavanagh, M. J., & Johnson, R. D. (Eds.). (2017). Human resource information systems:
Basics, applications, and future directions. Sage Publications.
Khumalo, N., & Chigona, W. (2017). Challenges in how to effectively evaluate the business
benefits of information systems investments. Available Source: https://www. rsa. anu.
edu. au/media/552894/Khumalo-Chigona-ISF-2014-Challenges-in-Ho w-to-
Effectively-Evaluate-the-Business-Be nefits-of-Information-Systems-Investment s. pdf.
Leigh, A., Wermelinger, M., & Zisman, A. (2017, September). Software Architecture Risk
Containers. In European Conference on Software Architecture (pp. 171-179).
Springer, Cham.
Orlov, S., & Vishnyakov, A. (2017). Decision Making for the Software Architecture
Structure Based on the Criteria Importance Theory. Procedia Computer Science, 104,
27-34.
Pearlson, K. E., Saunders, C. S., & Galletta, D. F. (2019). Managing and using information
systems: A strategic approach. John Wiley & Sons.
Pretorius, C., Razavian, M., Eling, K., & Langerak, F. (2018, April). Towards a dual
processing perspective of software architecture decision making. In 2018 IEEE
International Conference on Software Architecture Companion (ICSA-C) (pp. 48-51).
IEEE.
Rankin, J. L. (2018). A People's History of Computing in the United States. Harvard
University Press.

11MICROSERVICES ARCHITECTURE
Sommerville, I., Fowler, M., Beck, K., Brant, J., Opdyke, W., & Roberts, D. (2019). Edition:
Software Engineering. Instructor.
Tao, Z. G., Luo, Y. F., Chen, C. X., Wang, M. Z., & Ni, F. (2017). Enterprise application
architecture development based on DoDAF and TOGAF. Enterprise Information
Systems, 11(5), 627-651.
Yi, S., Lumbard, K., Damen, N. B., Germonprez, M., & Toh, C. A. (2019). Towards an
Information Archetypes Framework: Exploring the Types of Information Used in
Open Source Design Engagements. In ASME 2019 International Design Engineering
Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference.
American Society of Mechanical Engineers Digital Collection.
Zheng, Z., Xie, S., Dai, H., Chen, X., & Wang, H. (2017, June). An overview of blockchain
technology: Architecture, consensus, and future trends. In 2017 IEEE international
congress on big data (BigData congress) (pp. 557-564). IEEE.